Oracle Patch補丁體系和如何打補丁

原創 叽哩古哩 2020-06-22 22:44

原文地址：https://blog.csdn.net/bisal/article/details/53365818

Oracle作爲大型商用關係型數據庫，從其補丁體系就可以看出其考慮的全面性。首先我們看下Oracle Patch的主要類型[參考1和2]：

Version/維護版本 
針對前一個維護版本的所有補丁進行整理，增加新的功能或對軟件有較大的改動，進行整體測試，得到一個軟件版本”包”，稱爲版本Version。比如 11.2。

One-off patches (e.g. a bug fix) 
One-off patches也稱之爲一次性補丁，通常針對特定的版本數據庫或運行平臺。此類補丁通常較小，使用的最爲頻繁。One-off patch只需要用Opatch工具apply即可，不需要升級/修正數據字典。如在數據庫使用過程中出現某些異常後如較常見的ORA-00600、ORA-07445錯誤等可以通過一次性補丁來搞定。

Critical Patch Update (CPU) 
簡稱CPU，一般來說CPU包含了Oracle產品安全漏洞的修復補丁集(set of security bug fix)，通常一年發佈四期，一般是每季度提供一次的一組高優先級修復程序（往往針對安全性問題），對於以前的安全性修復程序而言，這些CPU是累積的，只需要安裝最近最後一個就可以，它就包含了之前的所有CPU補丁，但也可包含其他修復程序，目的是解決與非安全性補丁之間的補丁衝突問題（即降低合併請求的必要性）。該類patch的安裝和安裝one-off patch一樣，同樣使用”opatch apply”命令來完成。安裝完成後應針對既有的數據庫(已經創建在使用的數據庫)，應在數據庫級別運行數據字典升級腳本。

Bundled patches (For Windows and Exadata only) 
用於解決在Windows平臺無法利用替換共享庫文件後relink的方式來更新Oracle binary，所以Oracle特別針對Windows發佈區別於Unix上Normal/Molecular CPU的CPU Bundle patch。通常情況下，Bundle Patch會別較大，Windows bundle patches通常每一個季度都會發布。

PSR(Patch Set Release)/Patch Set Update(PSU) 
PSR就是大家常見的大補丁合集，通常1GB左右，也就是oracle版布號的第四位即爲PSR號。也就是說oracle版布號的第四位會被修改。每一個PSR是都整合了之前的一些bug，並且經過了嚴格的測試，通常更新PSR風險相對較小。10.2，10.2.0.1.0是基礎發行版，至今已有五個PSR發佈，最新10.2的PSR爲10.2.0.5.0。 
PSU就是在每個PSR發佈之間的補丁，由於新舊PSR之間週期較長，而數據庫在運行期間難以保證不會出現新的bug，因此有了PSU。PSU是對於PSR的一個重要補充，每個PSU修改5位版本號的第5位。如，11.1版本升級爲11.1.0.7.1；10.2版本爲10.2.0.4.2。PSU包含CPU，所以建議儘量安裝PSU，PSU通常也是增量的，大部分PSU可以直接安裝，但有些PSU則必須要求安裝了上一 個版本的PSU之後才能繼續安裝，要仔細看各個PSU的Readme文檔。PSU與CPU一樣，定期發佈，計劃一年發佈四次，發佈日期與CPU發佈日期相同。PSU同樣使用Opatch工具安裝/刪除，命令仍是apply和rollback。一個PSU可視作一個個別補丁，安裝和刪除操作同樣簡便。 
[參考3]PSU有三個優勢， 
(1) 低風險高價值，PSU包括：

  • Critical technical issues with fixes that may affect a large number of customers and that are already proven in the field
  • Critical Patch Update fixes

PSU不包括：

  • Changes that require re-certification (for example, Database fixes that cause optimizer plan changes)
  • Fixes that require configuration changes

每個PSU會限制包含bug fix的數量，一般在25到100個之間。會從用戶下載量最多，以及發佈的關鍵安全事件中選擇出這些補丁。數據庫PSU確保可以支持滾動RAC安裝。 
(2) PSU會通過嚴格的測試，保證各種fix可以正常運行，不會互相影響。 
(3) Oracle版本號的第五位是作爲每個PSU的增量版本號。例如初始PSU版本號是11.1.0.7.1，第二個針對11.1.0.7的PSU版本號就是11.1.0.7.2。

實驗： 
1.測試安裝如下PSU， 
Bug 24006111 - 11.2.0.4.161018 (Oct 2016) Database Patch Set Update (DB PSU) (文檔 ID 24006111.8) 
這裏寫圖片描述

選擇操作系統版本進行下載，進入目錄中執行opatch apply，

[oracle@emrep11 24006111]$ /u01/app/oracle/11.2.0.4/dbhome_1/OPatch/opatch apply
Oracle Interim Patch Installer version 11.2.0.3.4
Copyright (c) 2012, Oracle Corporation.  All rights reserved.
Oracle Home       : /u01/app/oracle/11.2.0.4/dbhome_1
Central Inventory : /u01/app/oracle/oraInventory
   from           : /u01/app/oracle/11.2.0.4/dbhome_1/oraInst.loc
OPatch version    : 11.2.0.3.4
OUI version       : 11.2.0.4.0
Log file location : /u01/app/oracle/11.2.0.4/dbhome_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/opatch2016-11-25_19-06-21PM_1.log
Verifying environment and performing prerequisite checks...
Prerequisite check "CheckMinimumOPatchVersion" failed.
The details are:
The OPatch being used has version 11.2.0.3.4 while the following patch(es) require higher versions: 
Patch 17478514 requires OPatch version 11.2.0.3.5.
Patch 18031668 requires OPatch version 11.2.0.3.5.
Patch 18522509 requires OPatch version 11.2.0.3.5.
Patch 19121551 requires OPatch version 11.2.0.3.5.
Patch 19769489 requires OPatch version 11.2.0.3.5.
Patch 20299013 requires OPatch version 11.2.0.3.5.
Patch 20760982 requires OPatch version 11.2.0.3.5.
Patch 21352635 requires OPatch version 11.2.0.3.5.
Patch 21948347 requires OPatch version 11.2.0.3.5.
Patch 22502456 requires OPatch version 11.2.0.3.5.
Patch 23054359 requires OPatch version 11.2.0.3.5.
Patch 24006111 requires OPatch version 11.2.0.3.5.
Please download latest OPatch from My Oracle Support.
UtilSession failed: Prerequisite check "CheckMinimumOPatchVersion" failed.
Log file location: /u01/app/oracle/11.2.0.4/dbhome_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/opatch2016-11-25_19-06-21PM_1.log
OPatch failed with error code 73
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提示patch安裝需要OPatch的版本是11.2.0.3.5，使用OPatch version查看當前版本是11.2.0.3.4，所以第一步需要升級OPatch。

[oracle@emrep11 ~]$ /u01/app/oracle/11.2.0.4/dbhome_1/OPatch/opatch version
OPatch Version: 11.2.0.3.4
OPatch succeeded.
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2.升級OPatch， 
如下選擇對應操作系統版本，下載OPatch，p17836989_112000_Linux-x86-64.zip， 
補丁程序17836989: OPatch patch of version 11.2.0.3.5 for Oracle software releases 11.2.0.x (NOV 2013) 
這裏寫圖片描述
解壓縮，並複製至$ORACLE_HOME下，可以提前備份下舊版的OPatch。再執行OPatch version，

[oracle@emrep11 ~]$ /u01/app/oracle/11.2.0.4/dbhome_1/OPatch/opatch version
OPatch Version: 11.2.0.3.6
OPatch succeeded.
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升級至11.2.0.3.6。

3.繼續安裝，

[oracle@emrep11 OPatch]$ cd 24006111/
[oracle@emrep11 24006111]$ ls
17478514  18522509  19769489  20760982  21948347  23054359  patchmd.xml  README.txt
18031668  19121551  20299013  21352635  22502456  24006111  README.html
[oracle@emrep11 24006111]$ /u01/app/oracle/11.2.0.4/dbhome_1/OPatch/opatch apply
Oracle Interim Patch Installer version 11.2.0.3.6
Copyright (c) 2013, Oracle Corporation.  All rights reserved.
Oracle Home       : /u01/app/oracle/11.2.0.4/dbhome_1
Central Inventory : /u01/app/oracle/oraInventory
   from           : /u01/app/oracle/11.2.0.4/dbhome_1/oraInst.loc
OPatch version    : 11.2.0.3.6
OUI version       : 11.2.0.4.0
Log file location : /u01/app/oracle/11.2.0.4/dbhome_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/opatch2016-11-25_20-00-58PM_1.log
Verifying environment and performing prerequisite checks...
Prerequisite check "CheckActiveFilesAndExecutables" failed.
The details are:
Following executables are active :
/u01/app/oracle/11.2.0.4/dbhome_1/bin/oracle
/u01/app/oracle/11.2.0.4/dbhome_1/lib/libclntsh.so.11.1
Prerequisite check "CheckActiveFilesAndExecutables" failed.
The details are:
Following executables are active :
/u01/app/oracle/11.2.0.4/dbhome_1/lib/libsqlplus.so
UtilSession failed: Prerequisite check "CheckActiveFilesAndExecutables" failed.Prerequisite check "CheckActiveFilesAndExecutables" failed.
Log file location: /u01/app/oracle/11.2.0.4/dbhome_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/opatch2016-11-25_20-00-58PM_1.log
OPatch failed with error code 73
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執行失敗，從錯誤信息看，有下面三個可執行程序處於激活狀態，

Following executables are active :
/u01/app/oracle/11.2.0.4/dbhome_1/bin/oracle
/u01/app/oracle/11.2.0.4/dbhome_1/lib/libclntsh.so.11.1
/u01/app/oracle/11.2.0.4/dbhome_1/lib/libsqlplus.so
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需要停止這些激活的可執行程序，首先查找sqlplus，

[oracle@emrep11 24006111]$ ps -ef | grep sqlplus
oracle   14078 26354  0 20:02 pts/9    00:00:00 grep sqlplus
oracle   14578 14558  0 Jun24 pts/7    00:00:00 sqlplus   as sysdba
[oracle@emrep11 24006111]$ kill -9 14578
[oracle@emrep11 24006111]$ ps -ef | grep sqlplus
oracle   14092 26354  0 20:02 pts/9    00:00:00 grep sqlplus
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接下來需要關閉數據庫，以確保libclntsh.so.11.1停止，

SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
[oracle@emrep11 24006111]$ /u01/app/oracle/11.2.0.4/dbhome_1/OPatch/opatch apply
Oracle Interim Patch Installer version 11.2.0.3.6
Copyright (c) 2013, Oracle Corporation.  All rights reserved.
Oracle Home       : /u01/app/oracle/11.2.0.4/dbhome_1
Central Inventory : /u01/app/oracle/oraInventory
   from           : /u01/app/oracle/11.2.0.4/dbhome_1/oraInst.loc
OPatch version    : 11.2.0.3.6
OUI version       : 11.2.0.4.0
Log file location : /u01/app/oracle/11.2.0.4/dbhome_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/opatch2016-11-25_20-03-13PM_1.log
Verifying environment and performing prerequisite checks...
Prerequisite check "CheckActiveFilesAndExecutables" failed.
The details are:
Following executables are active :
/u01/app/oracle/11.2.0.4/dbhome_1/lib/libclntsh.so.11.1
UtilSession failed: Prerequisite check "CheckActiveFilesAndExecutables" failed.
Log file location: /u01/app/oracle/11.2.0.4/dbhome_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/opatch2016-11-25_20-03-13PM_1.log
OPatch failed with error code 73
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仍舊不行，說明仍有進程使用，嘗試關閉監聽，可參考這篇文章：《opatch error code 73: Prerequisite check “CheckActiveFilesAndExecutables” failed. (文檔 ID 1942237.1)》

[oracle@emrep11 24006111]$ lsnrctl status
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 25-NOV-2016 20:04:01
Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=emrep11)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
Start Date                07-JUL-2016 09:43:29
Uptime                    141 days 10 hr. 20 min. 31 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /u01/app/oracle/11.2.0.4/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /u01/app/oracle/11.2.0.4/diag/tnslsnr/emrep11/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=emrep11)(PORT=1521)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "DCSOPEN" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "DCSOPEN", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully

[oracle@emrep11 24006111]$ lsnrctl stop
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 25-NOV-2016 20:04:07
Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=emrep11)(PORT=1521)))
The command completed successfully
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此時再次執行opatch apply，

[oracle@emrep11 24006111]$ /u01/app/oracle/11.2.0.4/dbhome_1/OPatch/opatch apply
Oracle Interim Patch Installer version 11.2.0.3.6
Copyright (c) 2013, Oracle Corporation.  All rights reserved.
Oracle Home       : /u01/app/oracle/11.2.0.4/dbhome_1
Central Inventory : /u01/app/oracle/oraInventory
   from           : /u01/app/oracle/11.2.0.4/dbhome_1/oraInst.loc
OPatch version    : 11.2.0.3.6
OUI version       : 11.2.0.4.0
Log file location : /u01/app/oracle/11.2.0.4/dbhome_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/opatch2016-11-25_20-04-12PM_1.log
Verifying environment and performing prerequisite checks...
OPatch continues with these patches:   17478514  18031668  18522509  19121551  19769489  20299013  20760982  21352635  21948347  22502456  23054359  24006111  

Do you want to proceed? [y|n]
y
User Responded with: Y
All checks passed.

Provide your email address to be informed of security issues, install and
initiate Oracle Configuration Manager. Easier for you if you use your My
Oracle Support Email address/User Name.
Visit http://www.oracle.com/support/policies.html for details.
Email address/User Name: 

You have not provided an email address for notification of security issues.
Do you wish to remain uninformed of security issues ([Y]es, [N]o) [N]:  Y

Please shutdown Oracle instances running out of this ORACLE_HOME on the local system.
(Oracle Home = '/u01/app/oracle/11.2.0.4/dbhome_1')

Is the local system ready for patching? [y|n]

Could not recognize input. Please re-enter.
y
User Responded with: Y
Backing up files...
Applying sub-patch '17478514' to OH '/u01/app/oracle/11.2.0.4/dbhome_1'
Patching component oracle.rdbms, 11.2.0.4.0...
Patching component oracle.rdbms.rsf, 11.2.0.4.0...

省略中間步驟

Verifying the update...
Composite patch 24006111 successfully applied.
Log file location: /u01/app/oracle/11.2.0.4/dbhome_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/opatch2016-11-25_20-04-12PM_1.log
OPatch succeeded.
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4.驗證安裝，

[oracle@emrep11 24006111]$ /u01/app/oracle/11.2.0.4/dbhome_1/OPatch/opatch lsinv
Oracle Interim Patch Installer version 11.2.0.3.6
Copyright (c) 2013, Oracle Corporation.  All rights reserved.
Oracle Home       : /u01/app/oracle/11.2.0.4/dbhome_1
Central Inventory : /u01/app/oracle/oraInventory
   from           : /u01/app/oracle/11.2.0.4/dbhome_1/oraInst.loc
OPatch version    : 11.2.0.3.6
OUI version       : 11.2.0.4.0
Log file location : /u01/app/oracle/11.2.0.4/dbhome_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/opatch2016-11-25_20-16-49PM_1.log
Lsinventory Output file location : /u01/app/oracle/11.2.0.4/dbhome_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/lsinv/lsinventory2016-11-25_20-16-49PM.txt
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Installed Top-level Products (1): 
Oracle Database 11g                                                  11.2.0.4.0
There are 1 product(s) installed in this Oracle Home.
Interim patches (1) :
Patch  24006111     : applied on Fri Nov 25 20:11:44 CST 2016
Unique Patch ID:  20508568
Patch description:  "Database Patch Set Update : 11.2.0.4.161018 (24006111)"
   Created on 26 Aug 2016, 05:54:48 hrs PST8PDT
Sub-patch  23054359; "Database Patch Set Update : 11.2.0.4.160719 (23054359)"
Sub-patch  22502456; "Database Patch Set Update : 11.2.0.4.160419 (22502456)"
Sub-patch  21948347; "Database Patch Set Update : 11.2.0.4.160119 (21948347)"
Sub-patch  21352635; "Database Patch Set Update : 11.2.0.4.8 (21352635)"
Sub-patch  20760982; "Database Patch Set Update : 11.2.0.4.7 (20760982)"
Sub-patch  20299013; "Database Patch Set Update : 11.2.0.4.6 (20299013)"
Sub-patch  19769489; "Database Patch Set Update : 11.2.0.4.5 (19769489)"
Sub-patch  19121551; "Database Patch Set Update : 11.2.0.4.4 (19121551)"
Sub-patch  18522509; "Database Patch Set Update : 11.2.0.4.3 (18522509)"
Sub-patch  18031668; "Database Patch Set Update : 11.2.0.4.2 (18031668)"
Sub-patch  17478514; "Database Patch Set Update : 11.2.0.4.1 (17478514)"
   Bugs fixed:
     17288409, 21051852, 24316947, 17811429, 18607546, 17205719, 20506699
     17816865, 17922254, 23330119, 17754782, 16934803, 13364795, 17311728
     17441661, 17284817, 16992075, 17446237, 14015842, 19972569, 21756677
     17375354, 20925795, 21538558, 17449815, 19463897, 13866822, 17235750
     17982555, 17478514, 18317531, 14338435, 18235390, 20803583, 13944971
     20142975, 17811789, 16929165, 18704244, 20506706, 17546973, 20334344
     14054676, 17088068, 17346091, 18264060, 17343514, 21538567, 19680952
     18471685, 19211724, 13951456, 21847223, 16315398, 18744139, 16850630
     23177648, 19049453, 18673304, 17883081, 19915271, 18641419, 18262334
     17006183, 16065166, 18277454, 16833527, 10136473, 18051556, 17865671
     17852463, 18554871, 17853498, 18334586, 17551709, 17588480, 19827973
     17344412, 17842825, 18828868, 17025461, 11883252, 13609098, 17239687
     17602269, 19197175, 22195457, 18316692, 17313525, 12611721, 19544839
     18964939, 17600719, 18191164, 19393542, 17571306, 20777150, 18482502
     19466309, 22243719, 17040527, 17165204, 18098207, 16785708, 17465741
     17174582, 16180763, 16777840, 12982566, 19463893, 22195465, 22148226
     16875449, 12816846, 17237521, 6599380, 19358317, 17811438, 17811447
     17945983, 21983325, 18762750, 16912439, 17184721, 18061914, 17282229
     18331850, 18202441, 17082359, 18723434, 21972320, 19554106, 14034426
     18339044, 19458377, 17752995, 20448824, 17891943, 17258090, 17767676
     16668584, 18384391, 17040764, 17381384, 15913355, 18356166, 14084247
     20596234, 20506715, 21756661, 13853126, 18203837, 14245531, 16043574
     21756699, 22195441, 17848897, 17877323, 21453153, 17468141, 20861693
     17786518, 17912217, 17037130, 16956380, 18155762, 17478145, 17394950
     18641461, 18189036, 18619917, 17027426, 21352646, 16268425, 24476274
     22195492, 19584068, 18436307, 22507210, 17265217, 17634921, 13498382
     21526048, 19258504, 20004087, 17443671, 22195485, 18000422, 22321756
     20004021, 17571039, 21067387, 16344544, 18009564, 14354737, 21286665
     18135678, 18614015, 20441797, 18362222, 17835048, 16472716, 17936109
     17050888, 17325413, 14010183, 18747196, 17761775, 16721594, 17082983
     20067212, 21179898, 17302277, 18084625, 15990359, 18203835, 17297939
     17811456, 22380919, 16731148, 21168487, 14133975, 13829543, 17215560
     17694209, 17385178, 18091059, 8322815, 17586955, 17201159, 17655634
     18331812, 19730508, 18868646, 17648596, 16220077, 16069901, 17348614
     17393915, 17274537, 17957017, 18096714, 17308789, 18436647, 14285317
     19289642, 14764829, 18328509, 17622427, 16943711, 22195477, 14368995
     22502493, 17346671, 18996843, 17783588, 21343838, 16618694, 17672719
     18856999, 18783224, 17851160, 17546761, 17798953, 18273830, 22092979
     16596890, 19972566, 16384983, 17726838, 22296366, 17360606, 22321741
     13645875, 18199537, 16542886, 21787056, 17889549, 14565184, 17071721
     17610798, 20299015, 21343897, 22893153, 20657441, 17397545, 18230522
     16360112, 19769489, 12905058, 18641451, 12747740, 18430495, 17016369
     17042658, 14602788, 17551063, 19972568, 21517440, 18508861, 19788842
     14657740, 17332800, 13837378, 19972564, 17186905, 18315328, 19699191
     17437634, 22353199, 18093615, 19006849, 19013183, 17296856, 18674024
     17232014, 16855292, 17762296, 14692762, 21051840, 17705023, 22507234
     19121551, 21330264, 19854503, 21868720, 19309466, 18681862, 20558005
     18554763, 17390160, 18456514, 16306373, 13955826, 18139690, 17501491
     17752121, 21668627, 17299889, 17889583, 18673325, 19721304, 18293054
     17242746, 17951233, 18094246, 17649265, 19615136, 17011832, 16870214
     17477958, 18522509, 20631274, 16091637, 17323222, 16595641, 16524926
     18228645, 18282562, 17596908, 18031668, 17156148, 16494615, 22683225
     17545847, 17655240, 24528741, 17614134, 13558557, 17341326, 17891946
     17716305, 22657942, 16392068, 19271443, 21351877, 18092127, 17614227
     18440047, 16903536, 14106803, 18973907, 18673342, 19032867, 17389192
     17612828, 16194160, 17006570, 17721717, 17390431, 17570240, 16863422
     18325460, 19727057, 16422541, 19972570, 17267114, 18244962, 21538485
     18765602, 18203838, 16198143, 17246576, 14829250, 17835627, 18247991
     14458214, 21051862, 16692232, 17786278, 17227277, 24476265, 16042673
     16314254, 16228604, 16837842, 17393683, 23536835, 17787259, 20331945
     20074391, 15861775, 16399083, 18018515, 22683212, 18260550, 21051858
     17080436, 16613964, 17036973, 16579084, 24433711, 18384537, 18280813
     20296213, 16901385, 15979965, 23330124, 18441944, 16450169, 9756271
     17892268, 11733603, 16285691, 17587063, 21343775, 18180390, 16538760
     18193833, 21387964, 21051833, 17238511, 17824637, 16571443, 18306996
     14852021, 17853456, 18674047, 12364061, 22195448
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
OPatch succeeded.
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可以看出已安裝了相應的patch。

總結： 
1.要了解Oracle Patch補丁體系中，各種類型補丁的關係、適用範圍，這樣才能在需要打補丁的時候選擇正確的補丁並完成安裝步驟了。 
2.某些補丁要求最低的OPatch版本，OPatch的升級僅需要下載對應操作系統版本的OPatch壓縮包，直接解壓縮至$ORACLE_HOME即可，以防萬一可以備份之前的OPatch。 
3.OPatch有一系列的命令參數，可以查看幫助繼續瞭解，例如有些補丁可以不用停機，在線打使用online參數。

參考文章： 
參考1： 
http://blog.csdn.net/wenzhongyan/article/details/16858683 
參考2： 
http://blog.csdn.net/haiross/article/details/18620413 
參考3： 
Patch Set Updates for Oracle Products (文檔 ID 854428.1) 
參考4： 
opatch error code 73: Prerequisite check “CheckActiveFilesAndExecutables” failed. (文檔 ID 1942237.1) 
參考5： 
Quick Reference to Patch Numbers for Database PSU, SPU(CPU), Bundle Patches and Patchsets (文檔 ID 1454618.1)


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