简短使用的HADOOP2版本的安装配置

hadoop2.0已经发布了稳定版本了，增加了很多特性，比如HDFS HA、YARN等。

注意：apache提供的hadoop-2.2.0的安装包是在32位操作系统编译的，因为hadoop依赖一些C++的本地库，

所以如果在64位的操作上安装hadoop-2.2.0就需要重新在64操作系统上重新编译

前期准备就不详细说了,前边的都有

1.修改Linux主机名

2.修改IP

3.修改主机名和IP的映射关系

4.关闭防火墙

5.ssh免登陆

6.安装JDK，配置环境变量等

集群规划：

         主机名                IP                                 安装的软件                                   运行的进程

         hadoop01         192.168.1.201  hadoop、zookkeeper                 NameNode、DataNode、QuorumPeerMain、JournalNode、DFSZKFailoverController、ResourceManager、NodeManager

         hadoop02         192.168.1.202  hadoop、zookkeeper                 NameNode、DataNode、QuorumPeerMain、JournalNode、DFSZKFailoverController、NodeManager

         hadoop03         192.168.1.203  hadoop、zookkeeper                 DataNode、QuorumPeerMain、JournalNode、NodeManager

 

说明：

         在hadoop2.0中通常由两个NameNode组成，一个处于active状态，另一个处于standby状态。Active NameNode对外提供服务，而Standby NameNode则不对外提供服务，仅同步active namenode的状态，以便能够在它失败时快速进行切换。

         hadoop2.0官方提供了两种HDFS HA的解决方案，一种是NFS，另一种是QJM。这里我们使用简单的QJM。在该方案中，主备NameNode之间通过一组JournalNode同步元数据信息，一条数据只要成功写入多数JournalNode即认为写入成功。通常配置奇数个JournalNode

         这里还配置了一个zookeeper集群，用于ZKFC（DFSZKFailoverController）故障转移，当Active NameNode挂掉了，会自动切换Standby NameNode为standby状态

        

安装步骤：

         1.安装配置zooekeeper集群

                   1.1解压

                            tar -zxvfzookeeper-3.4.5.tar.gz -C /itcast/

         1.2修改配置

                            cd/itcast/zookeeper-3.4.5/conf/

                            cp zoo_sample.cfgzoo.cfg

                            vim zoo.cfg

                            修改：dataDir=/itcast/zookeeper-3.4.5/tmp

                            在最后添加：

                            server.1=hadoop01:2888:3888

                            server.2=hadoop02:2888:3888

                            server.3=hadoop03:2888:3888

                            保存退出

                            然后创建一个tmp文件夹

                            mkdir/itcast/zookeeper-3.4.5/tmp

                            再创建一个空文件

                            touch/itcast/zookeeper-3.4.5/tmp/myid

                            最后向该文件写入ID

                            echo 1 >/itcast/zookeeper-3.4.5/tmp/myid

         1.3将配置好的zookeeper拷贝到其他节点(首先分别在hadoop02、hadoop03根目录下创建一个itcast目录：mkdir /itcast)

                            scp -r/itcast/zookeeper-3.4.5/ hadoop02:/itcast/

                            scp -r/itcast/zookeeper-3.4.5/ hadoop03:/itcast/

                           

                            注意：修改hadoop02、hadoop03对应/itcast/zookeeper-3.4.5/tmp/myid内容

                            hadoop02：

                                     echo 2 >/itcast/zookeeper-3.4.5/tmp/myid

                            hadoop02：

                                     echo 3 >/itcast/zookeeper-3.4.5/tmp/myid

        

         2.安装配置hadoop集群

                   2.1解压

                            tar -zxvfhadoop-2.2.0.tar.gz -C /itcast/

                   2.2配置HDFS（hadoop2.0所有的配置文件都在$HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop目录下）

                            将hadoop添加到环境变量中

                            vim /etc/profile

                            exportJAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.6.0_45

                            exportHADOOP_HOME=/itcast/hadoop-2.2.0

                            exportPATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$HADOOP_HOME/bin

                           

                            cd/itcast/hadoop-2.2.0/etc/hadoop

                            2.2.1修改hadoo-env.sh

                                     exportJAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.6.0_45

                                    

                            2.2.2修改core-site.xml

                                     <configuration>

                                               <!--指定hdfs的nameservice为ns1 -->

                                               <property>

                                                        <name>fs.defaultFS</name>

                                                        <value>hdfs://ns1</value>

                                               </property>

                                               <!--指定hadoop临时目录 -->

                                               <property>

                                                        <name>hadoop.tmp.dir</name>

                                                        <value>/itcast/hadoop-2.2.0/tmp</value>

                                               </property>

                                               <!--指定zookeeper地址 -->

                                               <property>

                                                        <name>ha.zookeeper.quorum</name>

                                                        <value>hadoop01:2181,hadoop02:2181,hadoop03:2181</value>

                                               </property>

                                     </configuration>

                                    

                            2.2.3修改hdfs-site.xml

                                     <configuration>

                                               <!--指定hdfs的nameservice为ns1，需要和core-site.xml中的保持一致 -->

                                               <property>

                                                        <name>dfs.nameservices</name>

                                                        <value>ns1</value>

                                               </property>

                                               <!--ns1下面有两个NameNode，分别是nn1，nn2 -->

                                               <property>

                                                        <name>dfs.ha.namenodes.ns1</name>

                                                        <value>nn1,nn2</value>

                                               </property>

                                               <!--nn1的RPC通信地址 -->

                                               <property>

                                                        <name>dfs.namenode.rpc-address.ns1.nn1</name>

                                                        <value>hadoop01:9000</value>

                                               </property>

                                               <!--nn1的http通信地址 -->

                                               <property>

                                                        <name>dfs.namenode.http-address.ns1.nn1</name>

                                                        <value>hadoop01:50070</value>

                                               </property>

                                               <!--nn2的RPC通信地址 -->

                                               <property>

                                                        <name>dfs.namenode.rpc-address.ns1.nn2</name>

                                                        <value>hadoop02:9000</value>

                                               </property>

                                               <!--nn2的http通信地址 -->

                                               <property>

                                                        <name>dfs.namenode.http-address.ns1.nn2</name>

                                                        <value>hadoop02:50070</value>

                                               </property>

                                               <!--指定NameNode的元数据在JournalNode上的存放位置 -->

                                               <property>

                                                        <name>dfs.namenode.shared.edits.dir</name>

                                                        <value>qjournal://hadoop01:8485;hadoop02:8485;hadoop03:8485/ns1</value>

                                               </property>

                                               <!--指定JournalNode在本地磁盘存放数据的位置 -->

                                               <property>

                                                        <name>dfs.journalnode.edits.dir</name>

                                                        <value>/itcast/hadoop-2.2.0/journal</value>

                                               </property>

                                               <!--开启NameNode失败自动切换 -->

                                               <property>

                                                        <name>dfs.ha.automatic-failover.enabled</name>

                                                        <value>true</value>

                                               </property>

                                               <!--配置失败自动切换实现方式 -->

                                               <property>

                                                        <name>dfs.client.failover.proxy.provider.ns1</name>

                                                        <value>org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.ha.ConfiguredFailoverProxyProvider</value>

                                               </property>

                                               <!--配置隔离机制 -->

                                               <property>

                                                        <name>dfs.ha.fencing.methods</name>

                                                        <value>sshfence</value>

                                               </property>

                                               <!--使用隔离机制时需要ssh免登陆 -->

                                               <property>

                                                        <name>dfs.ha.fencing.ssh.private-key-files</name>

                                                        <value>/root/.ssh/id_rsa</value>

                                               </property>

                                     </configuration>

                                    

                            2.2.4修改slaves

                                     hadoop01

                                     hadoop02

                                     hadoop03

                           

                   2.3配置YARN

                            2.3.1修改yarn-site.xml

                                     <configuration>

                                               <!--指定resourcemanager地址 -->

                                               <property>

                                                        <name>yarn.resourcemanager.hostname</name>

                                                        <value>hadoop01</value>

                                               </property>

                                               <!--指定nodemanager启动时加载server的方式为shuffle server -->

                                               <property>

                                                        <name>yarn.nodemanager.aux-services</name>

                                                        <value>mapreduce_shuffle</value>

                                               </property>

                                     </configuration>

2.3.2修改mapred-site.xml

                                     <configuration>

                                               <!--指定mr框架为yarn方式 -->

                                               <property>

                                                        <name>mapreduce.framework.name</name>

                                                        <value>yarn</value>

                                               </property>

                                     </configuration>                

2.4将配置好的hadoop拷贝到其他节点

                            scp -r/itcast/hadoop-2.2.0/ hadoo02:/itcast/

                            scp -r /itcast/hadoop-2.2.0/hadoo03:/itcast/      

2.5启动zookeeper集群（分别在hadoop01、hadoop02、hadoop03上启动zk）

                            cd/itcast/zookeeper-3.4.5/bin/

                            ./zkServer.sh start

                            查看状态：

                            ./zkServer.sh status

                            （一个leader，两个follower）                           

2.6启动journalnode（在hadoop01上启动所有journalnode）

                            cd /itcast/hadoop-2.2.0

                            sbin/hadoop-daemons.shstart journalnode

                            (运行jps命令检验，多了JournalNode进程)

                  

                   2.7格式化HDFS

                            在hadoop01上执行命令:

                            hadoop namenode-format

                            格式化后会在根据core-site.xml中的hadoop.tmp.dir配置生成个文件，这里我配置的是/itcast/hadoop-2.2.0/tmp，然后将/itcast/hadoop-2.2.0/tmp拷贝到hadoop02的/itcast/hadoop-2.2.0/下。

                            scp -r tmp/hadoop02:/itcast/hadoop-2.2.0/

                   2.8格式化ZK(在hadoop01上执行即可)

                            hdfs zkfc -formatZK

                   2.9启动HDFS(在hadoop01上执行)

                            sbin/start-dfs.sh

                   2.10启动YARN(在hadoop01上执行)

                            sbin/start-yarn.sh

到此，hadoop2.2.0配置完毕，可以统计浏览器访问:

         http://192.168.1.201:50070

         NameNode 'hadoop01:9000' (active)

         http://192.168.1.202:50070

         NameNode 'hadoop02:9000' (standby)

验证HDFS HA

         首先向hdfs上传一个文件

         hadoop fs -put /etc/profile /profile

         hadoop fs -ls /

         然后再kill掉active的NameNode

         kill -9 <pid of NN>

         通过浏览器访问：http://192.168.1.202:50070

         NameNode 'hadoop02:9000' (active)

         这个时候hadoop02上的NameNode变成了active

         在执行命令：

         hadoop fs -ls /

         -rw-r--r--   3 root supergroup      1926 2014-02-06 15:36 /profile

         刚才上传的文件依然存在！！！

         手动启动那个挂掉的NameNode

         sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh start namenode

         通过浏览器访问：http://192.168.1.201:50070

         NameNode 'hadoop01:9000' (standby)

验证YARN：

         运行一下hadoop提供的demo中的WordCount程序：

         hadoop jarshare/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-examples-2.2.0.jar wordcount /profile/out

        

         OK，大功告成！！！

 参见：http://blog.163.com/frank_gwf/blog/static/23020501220141274320724/