本篇爲 JPA 錯誤使用姿勢第二篇,java 的 POJO 類與數據庫表結構的映射關係,除了駝峯命名映射爲下劃線之外,還會有什麼別的坑麼?
I. 映射問題
1. 項目基本配置
首先搭建基本的 springboot + jpa 項目, 我們使用的 springboot 版本爲2.2.1.RELEASE
,mysql 版本 5+
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
</dependency>
項目配置文件application.properties
## DataSource
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/story?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&useSSL=false
spring.datasource.driver-class-name=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
spring.datasource.username=root
spring.datasource.password=
spring.jpa.database=MYSQL
spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto=none
spring.jpa.show-sql=true
spring.jackson.serialization.indent_output=true
spring.jpa.hibernate.naming.physical-strategy=org.hibernate.boot.model.naming.PhysicalNamingStrategyStandardImpl
表結構
CREATE TABLE `meta_group` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`group` varchar(32) NOT NULL DEFAULT '' COMMENT '分組',
`profile` varchar(32) NOT NULL DEFAULT '' COMMENT 'profile 目前用在應用環境 取值 dev/test/pro',
`desc` varchar(64) NOT NULL DEFAULT '' COMMENT '解釋說明',
`deleted` int(4) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '0表示有效 1表示無效',
`create_time` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP COMMENT '創建時間',
`update_time` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP COMMENT '修改時間',
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
KEY `group_profile` (`group`,`profile`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=6 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COMMENT='業務配置分組表';
2. 錯誤 case
java 變量命名推薦的是駝峯命名方式,因此與數據庫中字段的下劃線方式需要關聯映射,通過 jpa 的相關知識學習,我們知道可以使用@Column
註解來處理,所以有下面這種寫法
@Data
@Entity
@Table(name = "meta_group")
public class ErrorMetaGroupPo {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
private Integer id;
@Column(name = "group")
private String group;
@Column(name = "profile")
private String profile;
@Column(name = "desc")
private String desc;
@Column(name = "deleted")
private Integer deleted;
@Column(name = "create_time")
private Timestamp createTime;
@Column(name = "update_time")
private Timestamp updateTime;
}
從命名上就可以看出上面這種 case 是錯誤的,那麼到底是什麼問題呢?
先寫一個對應的 Repository 來實測一下
public interface ErrorGroupJPARepository extends JpaRepository<ErrorMetaGroupPo, Integer> {
}
測試代碼
@Component
public class GroupManager {
@Autowired
private ErrorGroupJPARepository errorGroupJPARepository;
public void test() {
String group = UUID.randomUUID().toString().substring(0, 4);
String profile = "dev";
String desc = "測試jpa異常case!";
try {
int id = addGroup1(group, profile, desc);
System.out.println("add1: " + id);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public Integer addGroup1(String group, String profile, String desc) {
ErrorMetaGroupPo jpa = new ErrorMetaGroupPo();
jpa.setGroup("add1: " + group);
jpa.setDesc(desc);
jpa.setProfile(profile);
jpa.setDeleted(0);
Timestamp timestamp = Timestamp.from(Instant.now());
jpa.setCreateTime(timestamp);
jpa.setUpdateTime(timestamp);
ErrorMetaGroupPo res = errorGroupJPARepository.save(jpa);
return res.getId();
}
}
從輸出結果來看,提示的是 sql 異常,why?
- group,desc 爲關鍵字,拼 sql 的時候需要用反引號包裹起來
3. 正確姿勢一
第一種正確使用姿勢,直接在@column
的 name 中,添加反引號包裹起來
@Data
@Entity
@Table(name = "meta_group")
public class MetaGroupPO {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
private Integer id;
@Column(name = "`group`")
private String group;
@Column(name = "`profile`")
private String profile;
@Column(name = "`desc`")
private String desc;
@Column(name = "`deleted`")
private Integer deleted;
@Column(name = "`create_time`")
private Timestamp createTime;
@Column(name = "`update_time`")
private Timestamp updateTime;
}
4. 正確姿勢二
除了上面的 case 之外,還有另外一種通用的方式,實現自定義的PhysicalNamingStrategy
,實現字段映射
比如我們自定義JpaNamingStrategyStandardImpl
繼承自默認的PhysicalNamingStrategyStandardImpl
策略,然後在字段名中,對於沒有引號的包裹的字段名主動添加一個反引號
public class JpaNamingStrategyStandardImpl extends PhysicalNamingStrategyStandardImpl {
@Setter
private static int mode = 0;
@Override
public Identifier toPhysicalColumnName(Identifier name, JdbcEnvironment context) {
if (mode == 1) {
if (name.isQuoted()) {
return name;
} else {
return Identifier.toIdentifier("`" + name.getText() + "`", true);
}
} else {
return name;
}
}
}
注意使用上面的映射策略,需要修改配置文件(application.properties
)
spring.jpa.hibernate.naming.physical-strategy=com.git.hui.boot.jpacase.strategy.JpaNamingStrategyStandardImpl
測試 case
@SpringBootApplication
public class Application {
public Application(GroupManager groupManager) {
groupManager.test();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
JpaNamingStrategyStandardImpl.setMode(1);
SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
}
}
@Component
public class GroupManager {
@Autowired
private ErrorGroupJPARepository errorGroupJPARepository;
@Autowired
private GroupJPARepository groupJPARepository;
public void test() {
String group = UUID.randomUUID().toString().substring(0, 4);
String profile = "dev";
String desc = "測試jpa異常case!";
try {
int id = addGroup1(group, profile, desc);
System.out.println("add1: " + errorGroupJPARepository.findById(id));
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
try {
int id2 = addGroup2(group, profile, desc);
System.out.println("add2: " + groupJPARepository.findById(id2));
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public Integer addGroup1(String group, String profile, String desc) {
ErrorMetaGroupPo jpa = new ErrorMetaGroupPo();
jpa.setGroup("add1: " + group);
jpa.setDesc(desc);
jpa.setProfile(profile);
jpa.setDeleted(0);
Timestamp timestamp = Timestamp.from(Instant.now());
jpa.setCreateTime(timestamp);
jpa.setUpdateTime(timestamp);
ErrorMetaGroupPo res = errorGroupJPARepository.save(jpa);
return res.getId();
}
public Integer addGroup2(String group, String profile, String desc) {
MetaGroupPO jpa = new MetaGroupPO();
jpa.setGroup("add2: " + group);
jpa.setDesc(desc);
jpa.setProfile(profile);
jpa.setDeleted(0);
Timestamp timestamp = Timestamp.from(Instant.now());
jpa.setCreateTime(timestamp);
jpa.setUpdateTime(timestamp);
MetaGroupPO res = groupJPARepository.save(jpa);
return res.getId();
}
}
執行之後輸出:
II. 其他
0. 項目&關聯博文
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- 190612-SpringBoot 系列教程 JPA 之基礎環境搭建
- 190614-SpringBoot 系列教程 JPA 之新增記錄使用姿勢
- 190623-SpringBoot 系列教程 JPA 之 update 使用姿勢
- 190702-SpringBoot 系列教程 JPA 之 delete 使用姿勢詳解
- 190717-SpringBoot 系列教程 JPA 之 query 使用姿勢詳解之基礎篇
- 191218-SpringBoot 系列教程 JPA 錯誤姿勢之環境配置問題
源碼
- 工程:https://github.com/liuyueyi/spring-boot-demo
- 項目: https://github.com/liuyueyi/spring-boot-demo/blob/master/spring-boot/102-jpa-errorcase2
1. 一灰灰 Blog
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