Spring Cloud(Finchley版)-03-監控:強大的Spring Boot Actuator

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第2節說過:

應用沒有監控,沒有畫板,一切指標都沒有。在這個Growth Hack逐漸成爲主流的時代,不弄個Dashboard把系統壓力、QPS、CPU、內存、日活啥的可視化,你好意思出來混嗎……

本節我們來解決該問題。

Spring Boot Actuator是Spring Boot官方提供的監控組件。只需爲項目添加以下依賴,即可就整合Spring Boot Actuator。

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<dependency>
  <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>

監控端點

Actuator爲我們提供了很多監控端點,如下表所示。

端點(Spring Boot 2.x) 描述 HTTP方法 是否敏感 端點(Spring Boot 1.x)
conditions 顯示自動配置的信息 GET autoconfig
beans 顯示應用程序上下文所有的Spring bean GET beans
configprops 顯示所有@ConfigurationProperties的配置屬性列表 GET configprops
dump 顯示線程活動的快照 GET dump
env 顯示環境變量,包括系統環境變量以及應用環境變量 GET env
health 顯示應用程序的健康指標,值由HealthIndicator的實現類提供;結果有UP、 DOWN、OUT_OF_SERVICE、UNKNOWN;如需查看詳情,需配置:management.endpoint.health.show-details GET health
info 顯示應用的信息,可使用info.* 屬性自定義info端點公開的數據 GET info
mappings 顯示所有的URL路徑 GET mappings
metrics 顯示應用的度量標準信息 GET metrics

表-Spring Boot Actuator常用端點及描述

只需訪問http://{ip}:{port}/actuator/{endpoint} 端點,即可監控應用的運行狀況。

測試1:/health端點

爲前文編寫的microservice-simple-provider-user 服務整合Actuator後,我們來做一些測試:

訪問http://localhost:8000/actuator/health ,即可獲得如下結果:

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{"status":"UP"}

測試2:/health端點展示詳情

/health 端點配置顯示詳情:

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management:
  endpoint:
    health:
      # 是否展示健康檢查詳情
      show-details: always

再次訪問http://localhost:8000/actuator/health ,即可獲得如下結果:

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{
	"status": "UP",
	"details": {
		"db": {
			"status": "UP",
			"details": {
				"database": "H2",
				"hello": 1
			}
		},
		"diskSpace": {
			"status": "UP",
			"details": {
				"total": 250790436864,
				"free": 43443773440,
				"threshold": 10485760
			}
		}
	}
}

從中可以看到,/health 端點展示了DB的健康情況以及磁盤的健康情況。

測試3:暴露敏感路徑

默認情況下,敏感路徑並不暴露。如需暴露(以metrics爲例),需添加配置:

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management:
  endpoints:
    web:
      exposure:
        # 暴露metrics端點,如需暴露多個,用,分隔;如需暴露所有端點,用'*'
        include: metrics

訪問:http://localhost:8000/actuator/metrics ,可獲得類似如下的結果:

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{
	"names": ["jvm.memory.max", "http.server.requests", "jdbc.connections.active", "process.files.max", "jvm.gc.memory.promoted", "tomcat.cache.hit", "system.load.average.1m", "tomcat.cache.access", "jvm.memory.used", "jvm.gc.max.data.size", "jdbc.connections.max", "jdbc.connections.min", "jvm.gc.pause", "jvm.memory.committed", "system.cpu.count", "logback.events", "tomcat.global.sent", "jvm.buffer.memory.used", "tomcat.sessions.created", "jvm.threads.daemon", "system.cpu.usage", "jvm.gc.memory.allocated", "tomcat.global.request.max", "hikaricp.connections.idle", "hikaricp.connections.pending", "tomcat.global.request", "tomcat.sessions.expired", "hikaricp.connections", "jvm.threads.live", "jvm.threads.peak", "tomcat.global.received", "hikaricp.connections.active", "hikaricp.connections.creation", "process.uptime", "tomcat.sessions.rejected", "process.cpu.usage", "tomcat.threads.config.max", "jvm.classes.loaded", "hikaricp.connections.max", "hikaricp.connections.min", "jvm.classes.unloaded", "tomcat.global.error", "tomcat.sessions.active.current", "tomcat.sessions.alive.max", "jvm.gc.live.data.size", "tomcat.servlet.request.max", "hikaricp.connections.usage", "tomcat.threads.current", "tomcat.servlet.request", "hikaricp.connections.timeout", "process.files.open", "jvm.buffer.count", "jvm.buffer.total.capacity", "tomcat.sessions.active.max", "hikaricp.connections.acquire", "tomcat.threads.busy", "process.start.time", "tomcat.servlet.error"]
}

訪問http://localhost:8000/actuator/metrics/{name} ,{name} 列表如上,即可查看當前應用的度量指標。例如訪問:http://localhost:8000/actuator/metrics/jvm.memory.max 即可查看JVM可管理的最大內存,結果類似如下:

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{
	"name": "jvm.memory.max",
	"description": "The maximum amount of memory in bytes that can be used for memory management",
	"baseUnit": "bytes",
	"measurements": [{
		"statistic": "VALUE",
		"value": 5.597298687E9
	}],
	"availableTags": [{
		"tag": "area",
		"values": ["heap", "nonheap"]
	}, {
		"tag": "id",
		"values": ["Compressed Class Space", "PS Survivor Space", "PS Old Gen", "Metaspace", "PS Eden Space", "Code Cache"]
	}]
}

TIPS

  • 如需暴露所有監控端點可配置:

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    management:
      endpoints:
        web:
          exposure:
            include: '*'
    

拓展閱讀

如果能對Actuator端點的文字數據進行圖形化的展示,我們就可以實現比較低層次的“Growth Hack”啦!開源界已經有這樣的工具——Spring Boot Admin ,界面如下。有興趣的可前往https://github.com/codecentric/spring-boot-admin瞭解。

trace

說明

  • 由於Actuator本身是Spring Boot中的組件,並不是本套教程的重點(其實筆者本不想寫這一節,但後面又會持續用這些端點,並且Spring Cloud在這些端點的基礎上還做了一些增加,所以還是有必要介紹一下),因此本節只是對Actuator進行了比較簡單的介紹,讀者可自行挖掘Actuator的其他能力。

配套代碼

GitHub:

Gitee:

 

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