1、簡介
Gui的核心技術: Swing AWT
- 因爲界面不美觀。
- 需要 jre 環境!
2、AWT
2.1、Awt定義
Awt(Abstract Window Toolkit)全稱抽象窗口工具集。是基本的GUI類庫,AWT也是窗口框架,包含不同平臺的窗口系統改中的公共組件。
Awt程序執行時,通過JVM調用OS本地的圖形界面來創建與平臺一致的對等體。
優點:1. 界面風格與OS窗口 2. 一次編寫,多平臺運行
缺點:界面醜陋,功能有限
2.2、組件和容器
1、Frame案例
問題: 發現窗口關閉不掉,可以通過停止java程序!
package com.kuang.lesson01;
import java.awt.*;
//GUI的第一個界面
public class TestFrame {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//Frame,JDK, 看源碼!
Frame frame = new Frame("我的第一個Java圖像界面窗口");
//需要設置可見性 w h
frame.setVisible(true);
//設置窗口大小
frame.setSize(400,400);
//設置背景顏色 Color
frame.setBackground(new Color(85, 150, 68));
//彈出的初始位置
frame.setLocation(200,200);
//設置大小固定
frame.setResizable(false);
}
}
展示多個窗口
package com.kuang.lesson01;
import java.awt.*;
public class TestFrame2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//展示多個窗口 new
MyFrame myFrame1 = new MyFrame(100, 100, 200, 200, Color.blue);
MyFrame myFrame2 = new MyFrame(300, 100, 200, 200, Color.yellow);
MyFrame myFrame3 = new MyFrame(100, 300, 200, 200, Color.red);
MyFrame myFrame4 = new MyFrame(300, 300, 200, 200, Color.MAGENTA);
}
}
class MyFrame extends Frame{
static int id = 0; //可能存在多個窗口,我們需要一個計數器
public MyFrame(int x,int y,int w,int h,Color color){
super("Myframe+"+(++id));
setBackground(color);
setBounds(x,y,w,h);
setVisible(true);
}
}
2、面板Panel
解決了關閉事件!
frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
//窗口點擊關閉的時候需要做的事情
@Override
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
//結束程序
System.exit(0);
}
});
package com.kuang.lesson01;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
import java.awt.event.WindowListener;
//Panel 可以看成是一個空間,但是不能單獨存在
public class TestPanel {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame frame = new Frame();
Panel panel = new Panel();
//設置佈局
frame.setLayout(null);
//座標
frame.setBounds(300,300,500,500);
frame.setBackground(new Color(40, 161, 35));
//panel設置座標,相對於frame
panel.setBounds(50,50,400,400);
panel.setBackground(new Color(193, 15, 60));
//frame.add(panel)
frame.add(panel);
frame.setVisible(true);
//監聽事件,監聽窗口關閉事件 System.exit(0)
//適配器模式 :
frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
//窗口點擊關閉的時候需要做的事情
@Override
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
//結束程序
System.exit(0);
}
});
}
}
2.3、佈局管理器
-
流式佈局FlowLayout()
package com.kuang.lesson01; import java.awt.*; public class TestFlowLayout { public static void main(String[] args) { Frame frame = new Frame(); //組件-按鈕 Button button1 = new Button("button1"); Button button2 = new Button("button2"); Button button3 = new Button("button3"); //設置爲流式佈局 //frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout()); //frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEFT)); frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.RIGHT)); frame.setSize(200,200); //把按鈕添加上去 frame.add(button1); frame.add(button2); frame.add(button3); frame.setVisible(true); } }
-
東西南北中BoderLayout()
public class TestBorderLayout { public static void main(String[] args) { Frame frame = new Frame("TestBorderLayout"); Button east = new Button("East"); Button west = new Button("West"); Button south = new Button("South"); Button north = new Button("North"); Button center = new Button("Center"); frame.add(east,BorderLayout.EAST); frame.add(west,BorderLayout.WEST); frame.add(south,BorderLayout.SOUTH); frame.add(north,BorderLayout.NORTH); frame.add(center,BorderLayout.CENTER); frame.setSize(200,200); frame.setVisible(true); } }
public class TestBorderLayout { //放在畫板上的東西南北中 public static void main(String[] args) { Frame frame = new Frame("TestBorderLayout"); frame.setSize(400,300); frame.setLocation(300,400); frame.setBackground( Color.BLUE); frame.setVisible(true); Button east = new Button("East"); Button west = new Button("West"); Button south = new Button("South"); Button north = new Button("North"); Button center = new Button("Center"); Panel panel = new Panel(); panel.setLayout(new BorderLayout()); panel.add(east,BorderLayout.EAST); panel.add(west,BorderLayout.WEST); panel.add(south,BorderLayout.SOUTH); panel.add(north,BorderLayout.NORTH); panel.add(center,BorderLayout.CENTER); frame.add(panel); frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() { @Override public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) { System.exit(0); } }); /* frame.add(east,BorderLayout.EAST); frame.add(west,BorderLayout.WEST); frame.add(south,BorderLayout.SOUTH); frame.add(north,BorderLayout.NORTH); frame.add(center,BorderLayout.CENTER);*/ } }
-
表格佈局 GridLayout()
package com.kuang.lesson01; import java.awt.*; public class TestGridLayout { public static void main(String[] args) { Frame frame = new Frame("TestGridLayout"); Button btn1 = new Button("btn1"); Button btn2 = new Button("btn2"); Button btn3 = new Button("btn3"); Button btn4 = new Button("btn4"); Button btn5 = new Button("btn5"); Button btn6 = new Button("btn6"); frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(3,2)); frame.add(btn1); frame.add(btn2); frame.add(btn3); frame.add(btn4); frame.add(btn5); frame.add(btn6); frame.pack(); //Java函數! frame.setVisible(true); } }
public class TestGridLayout { //畫在畫板上表格佈局 public static void main(String[] args) { Frame frame = new Frame("TestGridLayout"); Panel panel = new Panel(); panel.setLayout(new GridLayout(3,2)); Button btn1 = new Button("btn1"); Button btn2 = new Button("btn2"); Button btn3 = new Button("btn3"); Button btn4 = new Button("btn4"); Button btn5 = new Button("btn5"); Button btn6 = new Button("btn6"); /* frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(3,2));*/ panel.add(btn1); panel.add(btn2); panel.add(btn3); panel.add(btn4); panel.add(btn5); panel.add(btn6); frame.add(panel); frame.pack(); //Java函數! frame.setVisible(true); frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() { @Override public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) { System.exit(0); } }); } }
課堂練習:
分析過程:
注意:
在寫代碼前要先思考程序的架構,在去用代碼實現,切勿直接動手。
按鈕命名時要統一字符長度,要用英文命名。
代碼實現:
package com.kuang.lesson01;
import java.awt.*;
//練習的demo講解
public class ExDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//總 Frame
Frame frame = new Frame();
frame.setSize(400,300);
frame.setLocation(300,400);
frame.setBackground(Color.BLACK);
frame.setVisible(true);
frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1));
//4個面板
Panel p1 = new Panel(new BorderLayout());
Panel p2 = new Panel(new GridLayout(2,1));
Panel p3 = new Panel(new BorderLayout());
Panel p4 = new Panel(new GridLayout(2,2));
//上面OK
p1.add(new Button("East-1"),BorderLayout.EAST);
p1.add(new Button("West-1"),BorderLayout.WEST);
p2.add(new Button("p2-btn-1"));
p2.add(new Button("p2-btn-2"));
p1.add(p2,BorderLayout.CENTER);
//下面
p3.add(new Button("East-2"),BorderLayout.EAST);
p3.add(new Button("West-2"),BorderLayout.WEST);
//中間4個
for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
p4.add(new Button("for-"+i));
}
p3.add(p4,BorderLayout.CENTER);
frame.add(p1);
frame.add(p3);
}
}
總結:
-
Frame是一個頂級窗口
-
Panel 無法單獨顯示,必須添加到某個容器中。
-
佈局管理器
- 流式
- 東西南北中
- 表格
-
大小,定位,背景顏色,可見性,監聽!
5.注意:當將按鈕放在Panel上時,Frame就不用再寫佈局方式,因爲將Panel放在Frame裏面,只需要設置Panel的佈局方式即可。
2.4、事件監聽
事件監聽:當某個事情發生的時候,幹什麼?
package com.kuang.lesson02;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
public class TestActionEvent {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//按下按鈕,觸發一些事件
Frame frame = new Frame();
Button button = new Button();
//因爲,addActionListener()需要一個 ActionListener,所以我們需要構造一個 ActionListener
MyActionListener myActionListener = new MyActionListener();
button.addActionListener(myActionListener);
frame.add(button,BorderLayout.CENTER);
frame.pack();
windowClose(frame); //關閉窗口
frame.setVisible(true);
}
//關閉窗體的事件
private static void windowClose(Frame frame){
frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
@Override
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
System.exit(0);
}
});
}
}
//事件監聽
class MyActionListener implements ActionListener{
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
System.out.println("aaa");
}
}
多個按鈕,共享一個事件
package com.kuang.lesson02;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
public class TestActionTwo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 兩個按鈕,實現同一個監聽
// 開始 停止
Frame frame = new Frame("開始-停止");
Button button1 = new Button("start");
Button button2 = new Button("stop");
//可以顯示的定義觸發會返回的命令,如果不顯示定義,則會走默認的值!
//可以多個按鈕只寫一個監聽類
button2.setActionCommand("button2-stop");
MyMonitor myMonitor = new MyMonitor();
button1.addActionListener(myMonitor);
button2.addActionListener(myMonitor);
frame.add(button1,BorderLayout.NORTH);
frame.add(button2,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
frame.pack();
frame.setVisible(true);
}
}
class MyMonitor implements ActionListener{
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
// e.getActionCommand() 獲得按鈕的信息
System.out.println("按鈕被點擊了:msg=> "+e.getActionCommand());
if (e.getActionCommand().equals("start")){
}
}
}
2.5、輸入框 TextField 監聽
package com.kuang.lesson02;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
public class TestText01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//啓動!
new MyFrame();
}
}
class MyFrame extends Frame{
public MyFrame(){
TextField textField = new TextField();
add(textField);
//監聽這個文本框輸入的文字
MyActionListener2 myActionListener2 = new MyActionListener2();
//按下enter 就會觸發這個輸入框的事件
textField.addActionListener(myActionListener2);
//設置替換編碼
textField.setEchoChar('*');
setVisible(true);
pack();
}
}
class MyActionListener2 implements ActionListener{
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
TextField field = (TextField) e.getSource(); //獲得一些資源,返回的一個對象
System.out.println(field.getText()); //獲得輸入框的文本
field.setText(""); //null ""
}
}
2.6、簡易計算器,組合+內部類回顧複習!
oop原則:組合,大於繼承!
目前代碼
package com.kuang.lesson02;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
//簡易計算器
public class TestCalc {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Calculator();
}
}
//計算器類
class Calculator extends Frame{
public Calculator(){
//3 個文本框
TextField num1 = new TextField(10);//字符數
TextField num2 = new TextField(10);//字符數
TextField num3 = new TextField(20);//字符數
//1 個按鈕
Button button = new Button("=");
button.addActionListener(new MyCalculatorListener(num1,num2,num3));
//1 個標籤
Label label = new Label("+");
//佈局
setLayout(new FlowLayout());
add(num1);
add(label);
add(num2);
add(button);
add(num3);
pack();
setVisible(true);
}
}
//監聽器類
class MyCalculatorListener implements ActionListener{
//獲取三個變量
private TextField num1,num2,num3;
public MyCalculatorListener(TextField num1,TextField num2,TextField num3) {
this.num1 = num1;
this.num2 = num2;
this.num3 = num3;
}
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
//1. 獲得加數和被加數
int n1 = Integer.parseInt(num1.getText());
int n2 = Integer.parseInt(num2.getText());
//2. 將這個值 + 法運算後,放到第三個框
num3.setText(""+(n1+n2));
//3. 清除前兩個框
num1.setText("");
num2.setText("");
}
}
完全改造爲面向對象寫法
package com.kuang.lesson02;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
//簡易計算器
public class TestCalc {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Calculator().loadFrame();
}
}
//計算器類
class Calculator extends Frame{
//屬性
TextField num1,num2,num3;
//方法
public void loadFrame(){
num1 = new TextField(10);//字符數
num2 = new TextField(10);//字符數
num3 = new TextField(20);//字符數
Button button = new Button("=");
Label label = new Label("+");
button.addActionListener(new MyCalculatorListener(this));
//佈局
setLayout(new FlowLayout());
add(num1);
add(label);
add(num2);
add(button);
add(num3);
pack();
setVisible(true);
}
}
//監聽器類
class MyCalculatorListener implements ActionListener{
//獲取計算器這個對象,在一個類中組合另外一個類;
Calculator calculator = null;
public MyCalculatorListener(Calculator calculator) {
this.calculator = calculator;
}
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
//1. 獲得加數和被加數
//2. 將這個值 + 法運算後,放到第三個框
//3. 清除前兩個框
int n1 = Integer.parseInt(calculator.num1.getText());
int n2 = Integer.parseInt(calculator.num2.getText());
calculator.num3.setText(""+(n1+n2));
calculator.num1.setText("");
calculator.num2.setText("");
}
}
內部類:
- 更好的包裝
package com.kuang.lesson02;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
//簡易計算器
public class TestCalc {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Calculator().loadFrame();
}
}
//計算器類
class Calculator extends Frame{
//屬性
TextField num1,num2,num3;
//方法
public void loadFrame(){
num1 = new TextField(10);//字符數
num2 = new TextField(10);//字符數
num3 = new TextField(20);//字符數
Button button = new Button("=");
Label label = new Label("+");
button.addActionListener(new MyCalculatorListener());
//佈局
setLayout(new FlowLayout());
add(num1);
add(label);
add(num2);
add(button);
add(num3);
pack();
setVisible(true);
}
//監聽器類
//內部類最大的好處,就是可以暢通無阻的訪問外部的屬性和方法!
private class MyCalculatorListener implements ActionListener{
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
//1. 獲得加數和被加數
//2. 將這個值 + 法運算後,放到第三個框
//3. 清除前兩個框
int n1 = Integer.parseInt(num1.getText());
int n2 = Integer.parseInt(num2.getText());
num3.setText(""+(n1+n2));
num1.setText("");
num2.setText("");
}
}
}
2.7、畫筆
package com.kuang.lesson03;
import java.awt.*;
import java.util.Date;
public class TestPaint {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new MyPaint().loadFrame();
}
}
class MyPaint extends Frame{
public void loadFrame(){
setBounds(200,200,600,500);
setVisible(true);
}
//畫筆
@Override
public void paint(Graphics g) {
//畫筆,需要有顏色,畫筆可以畫畫
//g.setColor(Color.red);
//g.drawOval(100,100,100,100);
g.fillOval(100,100,100,100); //實心的園
// g.setColor(Color.GREEN);
g.fillRect(150,200,200,200);
//養成習慣,畫筆用完,將他還原到最初的顏色
}
}
2.8、鼠標監聽
目的:想要實現鼠標畫畫!
package com.kuang.lesson03;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.MouseAdapter;
import java.awt.event.MouseEvent;
import java.awt.event.MouseListener;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;
//鼠標監聽事件
public class TestMouseListener {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new MyFrame("畫圖");
}
}
//自己的類
class MyFrame extends Frame{
//畫畫需要畫筆,需要監聽鼠標當前的位置,需要集合來存儲這個點
ArrayList points;
public MyFrame(String title) {
super(title);
setBounds(200,200,400,300);
//存鼠標點擊的點
points = new ArrayList<>();
setVisible(true);
//鼠標監聽器,正對這個窗口
this.addMouseListener(new MyMouseListener());
}
@Override
public void paint(Graphics g) {
//畫畫,監聽鼠標的事件
Iterator iterator = points.iterator();
while (iterator.hasNext()){
Point point = (Point) iterator.next();
g.setColor(Color.BLUE);
g.fillOval(point.x,point.y,10,10);
}
}
//添加一個點到界面上
public void addPaint(Point point){
points.add(point);
}
//適配器模式
private class MyMouseListener extends MouseAdapter{
//鼠標 按下,彈起,按住不放
@Override
public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) {
MyFrame frame = (MyFrame) e.getSource();
//這個我們點擊的時候,就會在界面上產生一個點!畫
//這個點就是鼠標的點;
frame.addPaint(new Point(e.getX(),e.getY()));
//每次點擊鼠標都需要重新畫一遍
frame.repaint();//刷新
}
}
}
2.9、窗口監聽
package com.kuang.lesson03;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
public class TestWindow {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new WindowFrame();
}
}
class WindowFrame extends Frame{
public WindowFrame(){
setBackground(Color.blue);
setBounds(100,100,200,200);
setVisible(true);
//addWindowListener(new MyWindowListener());
this.addWindowListener(
//匿名內部類
new WindowAdapter() {
//關閉窗口
@Override
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
System.out.println("windowClosing");
System.exit(0);
}
//激活窗口
@Override
public void windowActivated(WindowEvent e) {
WindowFrame source = (WindowFrame) e.getSource();
source.setTitle("被激活了");
System.out.println("windowActivated");
}
}
);
}
}
2.10、鍵盤監聽
public class TextKeyFrame {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new MyKeyFrame();
}
}
class MyKeyFrame extends Frame{
public MyKeyFrame(){
setBounds(1,2,300,400);
setVisible(true);
this.addKeyListener(new KeyAdapter() {
@Override
public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
char keyCode = (char) e.getKeyCode();
System.out.println(keyCode);
}
});
}
}