啓動Spring項目詳細過程

1、Spring 項目放到web項目容器中(Tomcat、Jetty、JBoss)

本文以通用的Tomcat爲例

2、項目容器啓動時需要加載讀取web.xml配置文件

如下圖:

3、容器首先會去讀取web.xml配置文件中的兩個節點:<listener> </listener>和<context-param> </context-param>

說明:

tomcat在啓動web容器的時候會啓動一個叫ServletContextListener的監聽器,每當在web容器中有ServletContextListener這個接口被實例化的時候,web容器會通知ServletContextListener被實例的對象去執行其contextInitialized()的方法進行相應的業務處理;

而spring框架在設計的過程中ContextLoadListener這個類實現了ServletContextListener這個接口,因此每當有ContextLoadListener這個類被實例化的時候,web容器會通知Spring執行contextInitialized()這個方法,從而進行spring容器的啓動與創建的過程中;

4、ContextLoaderListener中的contextInitialized()進行了spring容器的啓動配置,調用initWebApplicationContext初始化spring容器;

@Override
public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent event) {
    initWebApplicationContext(event.getServletContext());
}
public WebApplicationContext initWebApplicationContext(ServletContext servletContext) {
    //Spring 啓動的句柄,spring容器開始啓動的根目錄
    if(servletContext.getAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE) != null) {
        throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot initialize context because there is already a root application context present - check whether you have multiple ContextLoader* definitions in your web.xml!");
    } else {
        Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(ContextLoader.class);
        servletContext.log("Initializing Spring root WebApplicationContext");
        if(logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
            logger.info("Root WebApplicationContext: initialization started");
        }
 
        long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
 
        try {
            //處理spring容器是否已經創建(只創建沒有創建spring的各個bean)
            if(this.context == null) {
                this.context = this.createWebApplicationContext(servletContext);
            }
 
            if(this.context instanceof ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) {
                ConfigurableWebApplicationContext cwac = (ConfigurableWebApplicationContext)this.context;
                if(!cwac.isActive()) {
                    if(cwac.getParent() == null) {
                        ApplicationContext parent = this.loadParentContext(servletContext);
                        cwac.setParent(parent);
                    }
 
                    //Spring容器創建完成後,加載spring容器的各個組件
                    this.configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(cwac, servletContext);
                }
            }
 
            servletContext.setAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, this.context);
            ClassLoader ccl = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
            if(ccl == ContextLoader.class.getClassLoader()) {
                currentContext = this.context;
            } else if(ccl != null) {
                currentContextPerThread.put(ccl, this.context);
            }
 
            if(logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
                logger.debug("Published root WebApplicationContext as ServletContext attribute with name [" + WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE + "]");
            }
 
            if(logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
                long elapsedTime = System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime;
                logger.info("Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in " + elapsedTime + " ms");
            }
 
            return this.context;
        } catch (RuntimeException var8) {
            logger.error("Context initialization failed", var8);
            servletContext.setAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, var8);
            throw var8;
        } catch (Error var9) {
            logger.error("Context initialization failed", var9);
            servletContext.setAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, var9);
            throw var9;
        }
    }
}

5、spring容器創建完成後,準備開始實例化加載bean,Spring容器創建完成後,準備向spring容器中加載bean    使用configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(cwac, servletContext);  完成bean的加載;

protected void configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(ConfigurableWebApplicationContext wac, ServletContext sc) {
		if (ObjectUtils.identityToString(wac).equals(wac.getId())) {
			// The application context id is still set to its original default value
			// -> assign a more useful id based on available information
			String idParam = sc.getInitParameter(CONTEXT_ID_PARAM);
			if (idParam != null) {
				wac.setId(idParam);
			}
			else {
				// Generate default id...
				wac.setId(ConfigurableWebApplicationContext.APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ID_PREFIX +
						ObjectUtils.getDisplayString(sc.getContextPath()));
			}
		}

		wac.setServletContext(sc);
		String configLocationParam = sc.getInitParameter(CONFIG_LOCATION_PARAM);
		if (configLocationParam != null) {
			wac.setConfigLocation(configLocationParam);
		}

		// The wac environment's #initPropertySources will be called in any case when the context
		// is refreshed; do it eagerly here to ensure servlet property sources are in place for
		// use in any post-processing or initialization that occurs below prior to #refresh
		ConfigurableEnvironment env = wac.getEnvironment();
		if (env instanceof ConfigurableWebEnvironment) {
			((ConfigurableWebEnvironment) env).initPropertySources(sc, null);
		}

		customizeContext(sc, wac);
		wac.refresh();
	}

說明:

configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext中加載spring的配置文件,即web.xml中讀取<context-param></context-param>中加載到Spring的配置文件,即:classpath:/config/applicationContext.xml;

通過以下代碼加載spring配置

public class Application{
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    ClassPathXmlApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("/context.xml");
    ctx.start();
  }
}

此處略過如何調用DefaultResourceLoader

頂級接口ResourceLoader僅提供了一個getResource(String location)方法,可以根據一個資源地址加載資源文件,資源地址的表達式可以是以下幾種:

--1. classpath:前綴開頭的表達式,例如: classpath:smart-context.xml

--2.“/”開頭的表達式,例如:/WEB-INF/classes/smart-context.xml

--3. 非“/”開頭的表達,例如:WEB-INF/classes/smart-context.xml

--4. url協議,例如:file:/D:/ALANWANG-AIA/Horse-workspace/chapter3/target/classes/smart-context.xml

這裏寫圖片描述

Spring提供了實現類DefaultResourceLoader,DefaultResourceLoader在實現了以上列舉的功能基礎上,還爲開發者提供了自定義擴展接口ProtocolResolver,開發者可實現該接口定製個性化資源表達式,代碼如下:

	@Override
	public Resource getResource(String location) {
		Assert.notNull(location, "Location must not be null");
		for (ProtocolResolver protocolResolver : this.protocolResolvers) {       // 1
			Resource resource = protocolResolver.resolve(location, this);
			if (resource != null) {return resource;}
		}
 
		if (location.startsWith("/")) {return getResourceByPath(location);}       //2
		else if (location.startsWith(CLASSPATH_URL_PREFIX)) {                     //3
			return new ClassPathResource(location.substring(CLASSPATH_URL_PREFIX.length()), getClassLoader());
		}
		else {
			try {
				// Try to parse the location as a URL...
				URL url = new URL(location);                             //4
				return new UrlResource(url);
			}
			catch (MalformedURLException ex) {
				// No URL -> resolve as resource path.
				return getResourceByPath(location);                      //5
			}
		}
	}

步驟1,先用擴展協議解析器解析資源地址並返回。舉個例子,咱們可以自定義資源解析器來完成帶前綴“classpath:”的解析:

首先實現ProtocolResolver接口:

class ClasspathPreProtocolResolver implements ProtocolResolver{
           private static String CLASS_PATH_PRE="classpath:";        
        public Resource resolve(String location, ResourceLoader resourceLoader) {
           if( location.startsWith(CLASS_PATH_PRE)) {
                return new ClassPathResource(location.substring(CLASS_PATH_PRE.length()));
           }       
           return null;
        }        
    }

步驟2,假設location以斜槓開頭,則調用該類中 getResourceByPath(String path)方法 ,代碼如下:

	protected Resource getResourceByPath(String path) {
		return new ClassPathContextResource(path, getClassLoader());
	}

步驟三,假如資源表達式以classpath開頭,則截取除前綴calsspath:的路徑,並做爲ClassPathResource的構造參數,生成ClassPathResource實例後返回。咱們可以在web.xml中做如下配置:

<context-param>
    <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
    <param-value>classpath:/config/applicationContext.xml</param-value>
</context-param>

6、通過refresh()內部的實現我們大致可以瞭解整個refresh()方法擔負了整個Spring容器初始化和加載的所有邏輯,包括Bean工廠的初始化、post-processor的註冊以及調用、bean的實例化、事件發佈等。

 

 

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