目錄
1、新建數據源資源文件dbconfig.properties
一、目錄總覽
對於一般的項目來說,整合後的大體的目錄如下圖:
下面就開始整合三大框架。
二、創建maven項目
maven
是一個項目管理工具,其pom.xml可以用來管理和維護當前項目所使用的jar包。
三、完善項目目錄
1、新建目錄如下:
2、添加web目錄
從上圖中你可以看得出我們的項目沒有web目錄,因此我們要來添加web目錄:
然後我們就能在項目目錄中看到web目錄了,我們接下來把web目錄移動到main文件夾下:
在移動文件夾後,需要在idea中修改其web目錄的路徑,不然idea找不到該目錄:
到此,我們已經把項目目錄完善好了:
3、配置tomcat
四、maven添加依賴
1、添加數據庫驅動依賴
添加數據庫連接池驅動和數據庫驅動的依賴:
<!-- 數據庫連接池 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.mchange</groupId>
<artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
<version>0.9.2</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 數據庫驅動 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.47</version>
</dependency>
2、添加SpringMVC依賴
<!-- springmvc -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>4.3.7.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
3、添加spring的一系列依賴
<!-- spring jdbc -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
<version>4.3.7.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!-- spring面向切面編程 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
<version>4.3.7.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Spring單元測試 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
<version>4.3.7.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
4、添加MyBatis及其與Spring整合的依賴
<!-- mybatis -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
<version>3.4.4</version>
</dependency>
<!-- mybatis整合spring適配包 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
<version>1.3.2</version>
</dependency>
5、添加其它依賴
<!-- servlet-api -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>3.1.0</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- junit -->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.12</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- 返回json字符串的支持 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
<version>2.9.8</version>
</dependency>
五、配置
1、新建數據源資源文件dbconfig.properties
jdbc.jdbcUrl=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ssm_crud?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF8
jdbc.driverClass=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.user=root
jdbc.password=root
設置useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF8
可以防止中文插入數據庫的時候發生亂碼。
2、配置spring配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd">
<!--自動掃描的包-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.cerr">
<!-- 除了控制器不掃描 -->
<context:exclude-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
</context:component-scan>
<!-- 數據源 -->
<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:dbconfig.properties" />
<bean class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource" id="pooledDataSource">
<property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.jdbcUrl}"/>
<property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driverClass}"/>
<property name="user" value="${jdbc.user}"/>
<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>
</bean>
<!-- 與mybatis整合-->
<bean class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean" id="sqlSessionFactoryBean">
<!--指定全局配置文件的位置-->
<property name="configLocation" value="classpath:mybatis-config.xml" />
<!-- 指定數據源 -->
<property name="dataSource" ref="pooledDataSource" />
<!-- 指定mapper文件的位置-->
<property name="mapperLocations" value="classpath:mapper/*.xml" />
</bean>
<!-- 配置掃描器:將mybatis接口的實現加入到ioc容器中 -->
<bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer" id="mapperScannerConfigurer">
<!-- 掃描所有dao接口的實現,加入到ioc容器中-->
<property name="basePackage" value="com.cerr.dao"/>
</bean>
<!-- 配置批量操作的SqlSession -->
<bean class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionTemplate" id="sqlSession">
<constructor-arg name="sqlSessionFactory" ref="sqlSessionFactoryBean"/>
<constructor-arg name="executorType" value="BATCH"/>
</bean>
<!-- 事務控制 -->
<bean class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager" id="transactionManager">
<!-- 控制住數據源 -->
<property name="dataSource" ref="pooledDataSource" />
</bean>
<!-- 開啓基於註解的事務,使用xml配置形式的事務 -->
<aop:config>
<!-- 切入點表達式 -->
<aop:pointcut id="txPoint" expression="execution(* com.cerr.service..*(..))"/>
<aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="txPoint"/>
</aop:config>
<!-- 配置事務增強:事務如何切入-->
<tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">
<tx:attributes>
<!-- 所有方法都是事務方法 -->
<tx:method name="*"/>
<!-- get* 表示查詢方法 -->
<tx:method name="get*" read-only="true"/>
</tx:attributes>
</tx:advice>
</beans>
Spring配置掃描包的時候,爲了不和SpringMVC掃描包衝突,一定要配置不掃描 Controller
的包。同理中,在SpringMVC中只掃描Controller
的包。
3、配置SpringMVC配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
<!-- 掃描所有的包 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.cerr" use-default-filters="false">
<!-- 只掃描控制器 -->
<context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
</context:component-scan>
<!-- 配置視圖解析器:方便頁面返回-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/"/>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>
<!-- 將SpringMVC不能處理的請求交給tomcat-->
<mvc:default-servlet-handler/>
<!-- 能支持SpringMVC更高級的一些功能 -->
<mvc:annotation-driven/>
</beans>
4、配置MyBatis全局配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
<settings>
<setting name="mapUnderscoreToCamelCase" value="true"/>
</settings>
<typeAliases>
<package name="com.cerr.dao"/>
</typeAliases>
</configuration>
因爲關於數據庫和一些MyBatis的配置都在Spring的配置中配置了,因此該配置文件比較簡單。
5、配置web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
version="4.0">
<!-- 啓動Spring的容器 -->
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<!-- 字符過濾器 -->
<filter>
<filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>utf-8</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>forceRequestEncoding</param-name>
<param-value>true</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>forceResponseEncoding</param-name>
<param-value>true</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<!-- 使用Rest風格的URI:將頁面普通的post請求轉爲指定的delete或者put請求-->
<filter>
<filter-name>hiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>hiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<!-- springmvc的前端控制器:攔截所有請求 -->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springDispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:springDispatcherServlet-servlet.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springDispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
六、編碼階段
在此我們先簡單介紹下Service
、Controller
、Dao
層:
Dao
層:數據訪問層,屬於一種比較底層,比較基礎的操作,某個DAO是和數據庫的某一張表一一對應的,封裝了增刪改查基本操作。Service
層:叫服務層,個人理解就是對Dao
層的方法的操作。Controler
層:負責請求轉發,接受頁面過來的參數,傳給Service處理,接到返回值,再傳給頁面。
1、數據表
有一個tbl_emp
表如下:
SET NAMES utf8mb4;
SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 0;
-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for tbl_emp
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `tbl_emp`;
CREATE TABLE `tbl_emp` (
`emp_id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`emp_name` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL,
`gender` char(1) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL,
`email` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL,
`d_id` int(11) NULL DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`emp_id`) USING BTREE,
)
-- ----------------------------
-- Records of tbl_emp
-- ----------------------------
INSERT INTO `tbl_emp` VALUES (2, 'Jerry', 'M', '[email protected]', 1);
INSERT INTO `tbl_emp` VALUES (3, '17d860', 'M', '[email protected]', 1);
INSERT INTO `tbl_emp` VALUES (4, '4da0e1', 'M', '[email protected]', 1);
INSERT INTO `tbl_emp` VALUES (5, 'e75602', 'M', '[email protected]', 1);
INSERT INTO `tbl_emp` VALUES (6, 'e23ca3', 'M', '[email protected]', 1);
INSERT INTO `tbl_emp` VALUES (7, 'f2f314', 'M', '[email protected]', 1);
INSERT INTO `tbl_emp` VALUES (8, '8a23a5', 'M', '[email protected]', 1);
SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 1;
2、JavaBean類
新建一個Employee類,代碼如下:
package com.cerr.bean;
public class Employee {
private Integer empId;
private String empName;
private String gender;
private String email;
private Integer dId;
public Integer getEmpId() {
return empId;
}
public void setEmpId(Integer empId) {
this.empId = empId;
}
public String getEmpName() {
return empName;
}
public void setEmpName(String empName) {
this.empName = empName;
}
public String getGender() {
return gender;
}
public void setGender(String gender) {
this.gender = gender;
}
public String getEmail() {
return email;
}
public void setEmail(String email) {
this.email = email;
}
public Integer getdId() {
return dId;
}
public void setdId(Integer dId) {
this.dId = dId;
}
public Employee(Integer empId, String empName, String gender, String email, Integer dId) {
this.empId = empId;
this.empName = empName;
this.gender = gender;
this.email = email;
this.dId = dId;
}
public Employee() {
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Employee{" +
"empId=" + empId +
", empName='" + empName + '\'' +
", gender='" + gender + '\'' +
", email='" + email + '\'' +
", dId=" + dId +
'}';
}
}
3、dao層
編寫EmployeeMapper接口:
package com.cerr.dao;
import com.cerr.bean.Employee;
import java.util.List;
public interface EmployeeMapper {
//獲取所有的getEmps
List<Employee> getEmps();
}
編寫SQL映射文件(EmployeeMapper.xml):
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.cerr.dao.EmployeeMapper">
<select id="getEmps" resultType="com.cerr.bean.Employee">
select * from tbl_emp ;
</select>
</mapper>
4、Service層
package com.cerr.service;
import com.cerr.bean.Employee;
import com.cerr.dao.EmployeeMapper;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import java.util.List;
@Service
public class EmployeeService {
@Autowired
private EmployeeMapper mapper;
public List<Employee> getAll(){
List<Employee> employees = mapper.getEmps();
return employees;
}
}
在Spring的配置文件中我們將所有的mapper添加到IOC容器中了,因此在此可以使用@Autowired
註解來注入EmployeeMapper
的代理對象,如果沒有添加到IOC容器則會報錯。
5、Controller層:返回JSON數據
package com.cerr.controller;
import com.cerr.bean.Employee;
import com.cerr.service.EmployeeService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
@Controller
@RequestMapping(value = "/")
public class EmployeeController {
@Autowired
private EmployeeService employeeService;
@ResponseBody
@RequestMapping(value = "/emps")
public List<Employee> getEmps(){
List<Employee> employees = new ArrayList<Employee>();
employees = employeeService.getAll();
return employees;
}
}
對於Controller層,是處理請求用的,@RequestMapping
用於映射請求地址用的,@ResponseBody
註解是用於將返回的對象通過一定的類型轉換處理轉換爲指定的類型。因爲我們在引入了json的依賴,因此會轉換爲JSON數據。
我們通過http://localhost:8080/ssm_test1/emps發送請求之後,數據在被查出來之後就轉換爲JSON數據然後在頁面顯示,當然我們可以使用AJAX發請求然後接收數據進行處理:
6、Controller層:返回頁面視圖
上面那種返回JSON的可以適用於服務端和前端分離的情況,如果我們想直接返回視圖的話可以使用下面這種:
- 我們在前面的配置中在SpringMVC的配置中配置了視圖解析器:
<!-- 配置視圖解析器:方便頁面返回-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/"/>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>
因此我們需要在WEB_INF目錄下新建一個views目錄,並新建一個success.jsp
:
然後我們在EmployeeController裏面編碼:
package com.cerr.controller;
import com.cerr.bean.Employee;
import com.cerr.service.EmployeeService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
@Controller
@RequestMapping(value = "/")
public class EmployeeController {
@Autowired
private EmployeeService employeeService;
@RequestMapping(value = "/empView")
public String getEmpsWithView(Map<String,Object> map){
List<Employee> employees = employeeService.getAll();
if(employees.size() > 0){
map.put("employees",employees);
}
return "success";
}
}
在方法入參中傳入一個map,在方法返回時,SpringMVC會自動將該map加入到SpringMVC的數據模型中,因此可以到頁面直接在request域中獲取,詳情可看文章:SpringMVC中處理模型數據的幾種方法(ModelAndView|@SessionAttributes|@ModelAttribute)以及運行原理
jsp頁面就一句代碼:${requestScope.employees}
。
在瀏覽器中發送請求後結果如下圖,將request域中的employee集合打印出來。