Selenium Webdriver Desired Capabilities

我們每一個的selenium測試都應該在指定的環境下運行，這個環境可以是web瀏覽器、移動設備、移動模擬器等等。

那怎麼來指定我們的selenium測試腳本運行環境呢？

本次分享主要解決這個問題！！！

在python版本的webdrive中，DesiredCapabilities類爲我們提供瞭解決方案，通過這個類，我們能夠配置webdriver在指定的環境執行我們的測試腳本。

在python版本的webdrive中，DesiredCapabilities類爲我們提供瞭解決方案，通過這個類，我們能夠配置webdriver在指定的環境執行我們的測試腳本。

我們先看一張實際測試過程中會應用到的結構圖，基於selenium grid進行分佈式測試：

在上圖中，我們可以使用windows下ie、firefox或linux下ie、firefox進行測試，甚至可以設置使用andriod或ios設備下瀏覽器進行測試。

那怎麼來進行設置呢？

我們先看一下DesiredCapabilities的源碼

源碼分析

DesiredCapabilities類代碼在C:\Python27\Lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\common\desired_capabilities.py。

注：筆者的python安裝在C盤下。

class DesiredCapabilities(object): """ Set of default supported desired capabilities. Use this as a starting point for creating a desired capabilities object for requesting remote webdrivers for connecting to selenium server or selenium grid. Usage Example:: from selenium import webdriver selenium_grid_url = "http://198.0.0.1:4444/wd/hub" # Create a desired capabilities object as a starting point. capabilities = DesiredCapabilities.FIREFOX.copy() capabilities['platform'] = "WINDOWS" capabilities['version'] = "10" # Instantiate an instance of Remote WebDriver with the desired capabilities. driver = webdriver.Remote(desired_capabilities=capabilities, command_executor=selenium_grid_url) Note: Always use '.copy()' on the DesiredCapabilities object to avoid the side effects of altering the Global class instance. """ FIREFOX = { "browserName": "firefox", "version": "", "platform": "ANY", "javascriptEnabled": True, "marionette": True, } INTERNETEXPLORER = { "browserName": "internet explorer", "version": "", "platform": "WINDOWS", "javascriptEnabled": True, } EDGE = { "browserName": "MicrosoftEdge", "version": "", "platform": "WINDOWS" } CHROME = { "browserName": "chrome", "version": "", "platform": "ANY", "javascriptEnabled": True, } OPERA = { "browserName": "opera", "version": "", "platform": "ANY", "javascriptEnabled": True, } SAFARI = { "browserName": "safari", "version": "", "platform": "MAC", "javascriptEnabled": True, } HTMLUNIT = { "browserName": "htmlunit", "version": "", "platform": "ANY", } HTMLUNITWITHJS = { "browserName": "htmlunit", "version": "firefox", "platform": "ANY", "javascriptEnabled": True, } IPHONE = { "browserName": "iPhone", "version": "", "platform": "MAC", "javascriptEnabled": True, } IPAD = { "browserName": "iPad", "version": "", "platform": "MAC", "javascriptEnabled": True, } ANDROID = { "browserName": "android", "version": "", "platform": "ANDROID", "javascriptEnabled": True, } PHANTOMJS = { "browserName": "phantomjs", "version": "", "platform": "ANY", "javascriptEnabled": True, }

翻譯下：

Set of default supported desired capabilities.
desired capabilities默認支持的設置。

Use this as a starting point for creating a desired capabilities object for
requesting remote webdrivers for connecting to selenium server or selenium grid.
使用該類爲selenium server或selenium grid啓動一個desired capabilities配置

對配置項進行解釋

FIREFOX = {
    "browserName": "firefox",  # 瀏覽器名稱
    "version": "",             # 操作系統版本
    "platform": "ANY",         # 平臺，這裏可以是windows、linux、andriod等等
    "javascriptEnabled": True, # 是否啓用js
    "marionette": True,        # 這個值沒找對應的說明^_^  不解釋了
}

DesiredCapabilities示例

from selenium import webdriver

# 本地啓動selenium grid
selenium_grid_url = "http://127.0.0.1:4444/wd/hub"

# 創建一個DesiredCapabilities實例
capabilities = DesiredCapabilities.FIREFOX.copy()
capabilities['platform'] = "WINDOWS"  # 指定操作系統
capabilities['version'] = "10"   # 指定操作系統版本

# 連接到遠程服務進行自動化測試
driver = webdriver.Remote(desired_capabilities=capabilities,
                          command_executor=selenium_grid_url)

總結

這裏的本質就是基於selenium grid 構建分佈式自動化測試，

而selenium grid根據測試腳本構建的DesiredCapabilities參數來決定將您的測試腳本分發到哪臺機器或設備進行測試。