Mybatis3 快速入門
目前常見的持久層java框架有Hibernate,Mybatis,SpringData。筆者比較喜歡用SpringData。Hibernate 和 Mybatis 也經常用。今天通過 Mybatis 的簡介,數據的增刪改查,表的級聯查詢,動態SQL語句 來快速入門 Mybatis 。
1 Mybatis 簡介
摘錄百度百科的內容:MyBatis 是一款優秀的持久層框架,它支持定製化 SQL、存儲過程以及高級映射。MyBatis 避免了幾乎所有的 JDBC 代碼和手動設置參數以及獲取結果集。MyBatis 可以使用簡單的 XML 或註解來配置和映射原生信息,將接口和 Java 的 POJOs(Plain Old Java Objects,普通的 Java對象)映射成數據庫中的記錄
如果 Hibernate 是自動化持久層框架,那麼 Mybatis 就是半自動化持久層框架。 半自動 ??? 聽起來好像 lower 了。其實不然,Mybatis 將 sql 和 java 分離開。讓專業的db工程師負責 sql 的優化,提高其性能,在高併發的場景,系統依然 穩如dog 。程序員可以把更多的精力放在業務邏輯上。
Mybatis:https://github.com/mybatis/mybatis-3/
2 Mybatis 快速入門
需求:使用 mybatis 框架完成數據的增刪改查操作,和級聯查詢,模糊查詢,調用存儲過程,使用mybatis的一二級緩存
技術:mybatis,maven
源碼:見文章底部
說明:本文內容屬於快速入門,通過手寫 xml 映射文件瞭解 mybatis 的工作原理。實際開發中,一般採用官方提供的逆向工程自動生成需要的 java 文件和 xml 文件
結構:
準備:
Mysql數據庫表結構
創建四張表,其中 person 獨立存在。classroom 和 student,teacher 存在主外鍵關係。
① classroom 的 student_id 和 student 的 class_id 存在主外鍵關係,並且是一對多的關係
② classroom 的 teacher_id 和 teacher 的 id 存在主外鍵關係,並且是一對一的關係
SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0;
-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for classroom
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `classroom`;
CREATE TABLE `classroom` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`room` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
`teacher_id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
`student_id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
KEY `c_t_id` (`teacher_id`),
KEY `c_s_id` (`student_id`),
CONSTRAINT `c_t_id` FOREIGN KEY (`teacher_id`) REFERENCES `teacher` (`id`) ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=3 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
-- ----------------------------
-- Records of classroom
-- ----------------------------
INSERT INTO `classroom` VALUES ('1', 'JavaEE', '1', '1');
INSERT INTO `classroom` VALUES ('2', 'Linux', '2', '2');
-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for person
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `person`;
CREATE TABLE `person` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`email` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
`last_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=5 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
-- ----------------------------
-- Records of person
-- ----------------------------
INSERT INTO `person` VALUES ('1', '[email protected]', 'lxl');
INSERT INTO `person` VALUES ('2', '[email protected]', 'cyy');
INSERT INTO `person` VALUES ('3', '[email protected]', 'itdragon');
INSERT INTO `person` VALUES ('4', '[email protected]', 'java');
-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for student
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `student`;
CREATE TABLE `student` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
`class_id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
KEY `s_c_id` (`class_id`),
CONSTRAINT `s_c_id` FOREIGN KEY (`class_id`) REFERENCES `classroom` (`student_id`) ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=4 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
-- ----------------------------
-- Records of student
-- ----------------------------
INSERT INTO `student` VALUES ('1', 'ITDragon', '1');
INSERT INTO `student` VALUES ('2', 'Marry', '1');
INSERT INTO `student` VALUES ('3', 'XiaoMing', '2');
-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for teacher
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `teacher`;
CREATE TABLE `teacher` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`subject` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=3 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
-- ----------------------------
-- Records of teacher
-- ----------------------------
INSERT INTO `teacher` VALUES ('1', 'Java');
INSERT INTO `teacher` VALUES ('2', 'Docker');
Maven 項目的核心文件 pom.xml (有些不是必要的,後續做整合會用到)
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.itdragon.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-basic</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<properties>
<commons-lang3.version>3.3.2</commons-lang3.version>
<commons-io.version>1.3.2</commons-io.version>
<commons-net.version>3.3</commons-net.version>
<junit.version>4.12</junit.version>
<slf4j.version>1.6.4</slf4j.version>
<mybatis.version>3.2.8</mybatis.version>
<mybatis.spring.version>1.2.2</mybatis.spring.version>
<mybatis.paginator.version>1.2.15</mybatis.paginator.version>
<mysql.version>5.1.6</mysql.version>
<druid.version>1.0.9</druid.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<!-- Apache工具組件 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
<version>${commons-lang3.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
<version>${commons-io.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-net</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-net</artifactId>
<version>${commons-net.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 單元測試 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>${junit.version}</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- 日誌處理 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
<version>${slf4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Mybatis -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
<version>${mybatis.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
<version>${mybatis.spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.github.miemiedev</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-paginator</artifactId>
<version>${mybatis.paginator.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- MySql -->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>${mysql.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 連接池 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid</artifactId>
<version>${druid.version}</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
Mybatis 的配置文件 SqlMapConfig.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
<!-- 標籤必須按順序寫,否則會提示錯誤:The content of element type "configuration" must match "(properties?,settings?,...)". -->
<!-- 引入配置文件 -->
<properties resource="db.properties" />
<!-- 配置實體類的別名 -->
<typeAliases>
<!-- 給指定包取別名,別名爲實體類對應的簡單類名,如 com.itdragon.pojo.Person 的別名就是 Person -->
<package name="com.itdragon.pojo" />
</typeAliases>
<!-- 配置數據庫鏈接 -->
<environments default="development">
<environment id="development">
<transactionManager type="JDBC" />
<dataSource type="POOLED">
<property name="driver" value="${jdbc.driver}" />
<property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}" />
<property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}" />
<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}" />
</dataSource>
</environment>
</environments>
<!-- 註冊映射文件 -->
<mappers>
<mapper resource="com/itdragon/mapper/PersonMapper.xml" />
<mapper resource="com/itdragon/mapper/ClassroomMapper.xml" />
</mappers>
</configuration>
數據庫的配置文件 db.properties
jdbc.driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/jpa?characterEncoding=utf-8
jdbc.username=root
jdbc.password=root
到這裏準備工作就做完了。
3 數據的增刪改查
Person.java 實體類
package com.itdragon.pojo;
// 學習 mybatis crud 實體類
public class Person {
private Integer id;
private String email;
private String lastName; // 這裏lastName 在數據庫中對應的是 last_name, 這會出現:字段名與實體類屬性名不相同的衝突問題
public Person() {
}
public Person(Integer id, String email, String lastName) {
this.id = id;
this.email = email;
this.lastName = lastName;
}
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getEmail() {
return email;
}
public void setEmail(String email) {
this.email = email == null ? null : email.trim();
}
public String getLastName() {
return lastName;
}
public void setLastName(String lastName) {
this.lastName = lastName == null ? null : lastName.trim();
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Person [id=" + id + ", email=" + email + ", lastName=" + lastName + "]";
}
}
PersonMapper.xml 查詢數據的映射文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.itdragon.mapper.PersonMapper">
<!-- CRUD 操作 -->
<!--
基礎知識:
select 查詢數據
insert 插入數據
delete 刪除數據
update 更新數據
namespace 命名空間
id 方法名, 命名空間 + 方法名 = 唯一方法
parameterType 傳入參數類型
resultType 返回值類型
resultMap 以鍵值對的類型返回結果
參數傳值:#{xxx}
parameterType 如果不是實體類,對應的參數名可以自定義。如 #{id} 也可以是 #{xxxx}
如果是實體類,對應的參數名必須是實體類屬性名。爲了避免錯誤,儘量全部都用屬性名。
擴展知識:
resultType 的值是 com.itdragon.pojo.Person 全類名,但爲了方便,可以考慮使用別名
resultMap 爲了避免類似 lastName 和 last_name 衝突,導致查詢的 last_name 會是 null 問題,可以設置鍵值關係
-->
<select id="getPersonById" parameterType="int" resultType="com.itdragon.pojo.Person">
select * from person where id=#{id}
</select>
<!-- 解決字段名與實體類屬性名不相同的衝突問題第一種辦法(不推薦) -->
<select id="getPersonByIdOne" parameterType="int" resultType="com.itdragon.pojo.Person">
select id, email, last_name lastName from person where id=#{id}
</select>
<select id="getPersonByIdTwo" parameterType="int" resultMap="getPersonMap">
select * from person where id=#{id}
</select>
<!-- 使用 resultMap 設置衝突字段名和實體類屬性名對應關係,(推薦) -->
<resultMap type="Person" id="getPersonMap">
<result property="lastName" column="last_name" />
</resultMap>
<!-- parameterType 中直接使用了 Person 是因爲在 SqlMapConfig.xml 文件中設置了別名 -->
<insert id="createPerson" parameterType="Person">
insert into person(email, last_name) values(#{email}, #{lastName})
</insert>
<delete id="deletePersonById" parameterType="int">
delete from person where id=#{id}
</delete>
<update id="updatePersonById" parameterType="Person">
update person set email=#{email}, last_name=#{lastName} where id=#{id}
</update>
<select id="getAllperson" resultType="Person">
select * from person
</select>
</mapper>
測試方法:
package com.itdragon.test;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder;
import org.junit.Test;
import com.itdragon.pojo.Classroom;
import com.itdragon.pojo.Person;
public class MyBatisTest {
public SqlSession getSqlSession() {
String resource = "SqlMapConfig.xml";
InputStream is = MyBatisTest.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream(resource);
SqlSessionFactory factory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(is);
SqlSession session = factory.openSession(true); // false 默認手動提交, true 自動提交
return session;
}
// crud 操作
@Test
public void getPersonById() {
String statement = "com.itdragon.mapper.PersonMapper.getPersonById";
Person person = getSqlSession().selectOne(statement, 2);
System.out.println(person);
statement = "com.itdragon.mapper.PersonMapper.getPersonByIdOne";
person = getSqlSession().selectOne(statement, 2);
System.out.println(person);
statement = "com.itdragon.mapper.PersonMapper.getPersonByIdTwo";
person = getSqlSession().selectOne(statement, 2);
System.out.println(person);
}
@Test
public void getAllperson() {
String statement = "com.itdragon.mapper.PersonMapper.getAllperson";
List<Person> persons = getSqlSession().selectList(statement);
System.out.println(persons);
}
@Test
public void createPerson() {
String statement = "com.itdragon.mapper.PersonMapper.createPerson";
int result = getSqlSession().insert(statement, new Person(3, "[email protected]", "ITDragon"));
System.out.println(result);
}
@Test
public void updatePersonById() {
String statement = "com.itdragon.mapper.PersonMapper.updatePersonById";
int result = getSqlSession().update(statement, new Person(4, "[email protected]", "ITDragon博客"));
System.out.println(result);
}
@Test
public void deletePersonById() {
String statement = "com.itdragon.mapper.PersonMapper.deletePersonById";
int result = getSqlSession().delete(statement, 4);
System.out.println(result);
}
}
4 級聯查詢
爲了滿足一對一和一對多的級聯操作,新增三個實體類,分別是 Classroom(教室),Teacher(老師),Student(學生)
Classroom 和 Teacher 是一對一的關係,Classroom 和 Student 是一對多的關係
package com.itdragon.pojo;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.List;
// 學習 表的關聯關係所用字段,一個教室關聯一個老師(一對一),一個教室關聯一羣學生(一對多)
public class Classroom implements Serializable {
private Integer id;
private String room;
private Teacher teacher;
private List<Student> students;
public Classroom() {
}
public Classroom(Integer id, String room, Teacher teacher, List<Student> students) {
this.id = id;
this.room = room;
this.teacher = teacher;
this.students = students;
}
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getRoom() {
return room;
}
public void setRoom(String room) {
this.room = room;
}
public Teacher getTeacher() {
return teacher;
}
public void setTeacher(Teacher teacher) {
this.teacher = teacher;
}
public List<Student> getStudents() {
return students;
}
public void setStudents(List<Student> students) {
this.students = students;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Classroom [id=" + id + ", room=" + room + ", teacher=" + teacher + ", students=" + students + "]";
}
}
package com.itdragon.pojo;
import java.io.Serializable;
public class Teacher implements Serializable{
private Integer id;
private String subject;
public Teacher() {
}
public Teacher(Integer id, String subject) {
this.id = id;
this.subject = subject;
}
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getSubject() {
return subject;
}
public void setSubject(String subject) {
this.subject = subject;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Teacher [id=" + id + ", subject=" + subject + "]";
}
}
package com.itdragon.pojo;
import java.io.Serializable;
public class Student implements Serializable {
private Integer id;
private String name;
public Student() {
}
public Student(Integer id, String name) {
this.id = id;
this.name = name;
}
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Student [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + "]";
}
}
ClassroomMapper.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.itdragon.mapper.ClassroomMapper">
<!-- 關聯表查詢 -->
<!--
基礎知識:
association:用於一對一的關聯查詢
property:對象的屬性名
javaType:對象的類型
column:對應數據表中外鍵
select:使用另外一個查詢的封裝結果
collection:用於一對多的關聯查詢
ofType:指定集合對象的類型
-->
<!--
需求:通過 id 查詢 classroom, 並打印 teacher 信息
嵌套查詢:通過執行另外一個SQL映射語句來返回預期的複雜類型
第一步:先查詢 classroom SELECT * FROM classroom WHERE id=?;
第二步:再查詢 teacher SELECT * FROM teacher WHERE id=classroom.id //classroom 是第一步的查詢結果
說明:嵌套查詢的方法,雖然好理解,當時不建議
-->
<select id="getClassroomById" parameterType="int" resultMap="getClassroomMap">
SELECT * FROM classroom WHERE id=#{id}
</select>
<select id="getTeacherById" parameterType="int" resultType="Teacher">
SELECT * FROM teacher WHERE id=#{id}
</select>
<resultMap type="Classroom" id="getClassroomMap">
<association property="teacher" column="teacher_id" select="getTeacherById">
<!-- 如果 teacher 存在屬性字段和字段衝突,需要在這裏設置 -->
</association>
</resultMap>
<!--
需求:通過 id 查詢 classroom, 並打印 teacher 信息
嵌套結果:使用嵌套結果映射來處理重複的聯合結果的子集,封裝聯表查詢的數據(去除重複的數據)
select * from classroom, teacher where classroom.teacher_id=teacher.id and classroom.id=?
-->
<select id="getClassroom2ById" parameterType="int" resultMap="getClassroom2Map">
SELECT * FROM classroom c, teacher WHERE c.teacher_id = teacher.id AND c.id = #{id}
</select>
<resultMap type="Classroom" id="getClassroom2Map">
<id property="id" column="id"/>
<result property="room" column="room"/>
<association property="teacher" javaType="Teacher">
<id property="id" column="id"/>
<result property="subject" column="subject"/>
</association>
</resultMap>
<!--
需求:通過 id 查詢 classroom, 並打印 teacher 和 student 信息
嵌套查詢:通過執行另外一個SQL映射語句來返回預期的複雜類型
第一步:先查詢 classroom SELECT * FROM classroom WHERE id=?;
第二步:再查詢 teacher SELECT * FROM teacher WHERE id=classroom.id //classroom 是第一步的查詢結果
第三步:再查詢 student SELECT * FROM student WHERE id=classroom.id //classroom 是第一步的查詢結果
-->
<select id="getClassroom3ById" resultMap="getClassroom3Map">
SELECT * FROM classroom WHERE id=#{id}
</select>
<!-- getTeacherById 上面有了,就不重複寫了 -->
<select id="getStudentById" parameterType="int" resultType="Student">
SELECT * FROM student WHERE class_id=#{id}
</select>
<resultMap type="Classroom" id="getClassroom3Map">
<association property="teacher" column="teacher_id" select="getTeacherById"></association>
<collection property="students" column="student_id" select="getStudentById"></collection>
</resultMap>
<!--
需求:通過 id 查詢 classroom, 並打印 teacher 和 student 信息
嵌套結果:使用嵌套結果映射來處理重複的聯合結果的子集,封裝聯表查詢的數據(去除重複的數據)
SELECT * FROM classroom c, teacher t,student s WHERE c.teacher_id=t.id AND c.id=s.class_id AND c.id=?
-->
<select id="getClassroom4ById" parameterType="int" resultMap="getClassroom4Map">
SELECT * FROM classroom c, teacher t, student s WHERE c.teacher_id=t.id AND c.student_id=s.class_id AND c.id=#{id}
</select>
<resultMap type="Classroom" id="getClassroom4Map">
<id property="id" column="id"/>
<result property="room" column="room"/>
<association property="teacher" javaType="Teacher">
<id property="id" column="id"/>
<result property="subject" column="subject"/>
</association>
<collection property="students" ofType="Student">
<!--
存在問題
如果兩表聯查,主表和明細表的主鍵都是id的話,明細表的多條只能查詢出來第一條。
<id property="id" column="s_id"/>
解決方法:https://www.cnblogs.com/junge/p/5145881.html
-->
<result property="name" column="name"/>
</collection>
</resultMap>
</mapper>
測試方法:
// 關聯表的查詢
@Test
public void getClassroomById() {
String statement = "com.itdragon.mapper.ClassroomMapper.getClassroomById";
Classroom classroom = getSqlSession().selectOne(statement, 1);
System.out.println(classroom);
statement = "com.itdragon.mapper.ClassroomMapper.getClassroom2ById";
classroom = getSqlSession().selectOne(statement, 1);
System.out.println(classroom);
statement = "com.itdragon.mapper.ClassroomMapper.getClassroom3ById";
classroom = getSqlSession().selectOne(statement, 1);
System.out.println(classroom);
statement = "com.itdragon.mapper.ClassroomMapper.getClassroom4ById";
classroom = getSqlSession().selectOne(statement, 1);
System.out.println(classroom);
}
5 動態SQL語句
這裏通過模糊查詢 Email 來了解動態SQL語句,在 PersonMapper.xml 中添加如下代碼
<!-- 動態SQL與模糊查詢 -->
<!--
需求:通過模糊查詢郵箱和指定id範圍查詢數據
動態SQL:
if:判斷語句 <if test=''></if>
where:去掉多餘的 and 和 or
<where><if test=''>AND xxx</if></where>
set:去掉多餘的 ","
<set><if test=''>xxx , </if></set>
trim: 代替 where , set
if + where == <trim prefix="WHERE" prefixOverrides="AND |OR "></trim>
if + set == <trim prefix="SET" suffixOverrides=","></trim>
choose: (when, otherwise) 類似java的switch case default
<choose><when test="">xxx</when><otherwise>xxx</otherwise></choose>
foreach:類似java的加強for循環
<foreach collection="array" item="xxx" open="(" separator="," close=")"></foreach>
說明:mybatis 提供了自動生成的逆向工程的工具,這裏只需要瞭解即可,雖然是很重要的知識點
學習博客:http://limingnihao.iteye.com/blog/782190
-->
<select id="getPersonLikeKey" parameterType="Person" resultMap="getPersonMap">
select * from person where
<if test='email != "%null%"'>
email like #{email} and
</if>
id > #{id}
</select>
測試方法:
// 調用存儲過程
@Test
public void getPersonCountGtId(){
String statement = "com.itdragon.mapper.PersonMapper.getPersonCountGtId";
Map<String, Integer> parameterMap = new HashMap<String, Integer>();
parameterMap.put("personId", 1);
parameterMap.put("personCount", -1);
getSqlSession().selectOne(statement, parameterMap);
Integer result = parameterMap.get("personCount");
System.out.println(result);
}
6 存儲過程
引用百度百科:存儲過程(Stored Procedure)是在大型數據庫系統中,一組爲了完成特定功能的SQL 語句集,存儲在數據庫中,經過第一次編譯後再次調用不需要再次編譯,用戶通過指定存儲過程的名字並給出參數(如果該存儲過程帶有參數)來執行它。存儲過程是數據庫中的一個重要對象。
這裏通過獲取大於Person id 數量的邏輯來了解Mybatis 是如何調用存儲過程的。首先在Mysql 命令行中執行一下代碼
#創建存儲過程 傳入Id的值,返回id大於該值的數量
DELIMITER $
#在 jpa 數據庫中,創建一個名爲get_person_count的方法,傳入參數是person_id,返回參數是person_count
CREATE PROCEDURE jpa.get_person_count(IN person_id INT, OUT person_count INT)
BEGIN
SELECT COUNT(*) FROM jpa.person WHERE person.id > person_id INTO person_count;
END
$
#調用存儲過程
DELIMITER ;
SET @person_count = 0;
CALL jpa.get_person_count(1, @person_count);
SELECT @person_count;
打印結果如下,則說明創建成功了
還是在 PersonMapper.xml 文件中添加如下代碼
<!-- 調用存儲過程 -->
<!--
通過id,獲取大於該id的數量
CALL jpa.get_person_count(1, @person_count);
注意:需關閉二級緩存
Caching stored procedures with OUT params is not supported. Please configure useCache=false in ...
-->
<select id="getPersonCountGtId" parameterMap="getPersonCountMap" statementType="CALLABLE">
CALL jpa.get_person_count(?,?)
</select>
<parameterMap type="java.util.Map" id="getPersonCountMap">
<parameter property="personId" mode="IN" jdbcType="INTEGER"/>
<parameter property="personCount" mode="OUT" jdbcType="INTEGER"/>
</parameterMap>
測試方法:
// 調用存儲過程
@Test
public void getPersonCountGtId(){
String statement = "com.itdragon.mapper.PersonMapper.getPersonCountGtId";
Map<String, Integer> parameterMap = new HashMap<String, Integer>();
parameterMap.put("personId", 1);
parameterMap.put("personCount", -1);
getSqlSession().selectOne(statement, parameterMap);
Integer result = parameterMap.get("personCount");
System.out.println(result);
}
7 一二級緩存
一級緩存:基於PerpetualCache 的 HashMap本地緩存,其存儲作用域爲 Session,當 Session flush 或 close 之後,該Session中的所有 Cache 就將清空。
① 若Session 被關閉了,緩存清空
② 若數據執行了 創建,更新,刪除操作,緩存清空
③ 如果不是同一個Session,緩存失效
二級緩存:與一級緩存其機制相同,不同在於其存儲作用域爲 Mapper(Namespace),並且可自定義存儲源,如 Ehcache。
① 默認是關閉的
② 是一個映射文件級的緩存,
③ 開啓二級緩存
還是在 PersonMapper.xml 文件中添加如下代碼
<!-- 開啓二級緩存 -->
<!--
eviction="FIFO" 回收策略爲先進先出
flushInterval="60000" 自動刷新時間60s
size="512" 最多緩存512個引用對象
readOnly="true" 只讀
-->
<cache
eviction="FIFO"
flushInterval="60000"
size="1024"
readOnly="true"/>
打印結果如下
log4j:WARN No appenders could be found for logger (org.apache.ibatis.logging.LogFactory).
log4j:WARN Please initialize the log4j system properly.
log4j:WARN See http://logging.apache.org/log4j/1.2/faq.html#noconfig for more info.
[Person [id=2, email=cyy@qq.com, lastName=cyy]]
1
0
Classroom [id=1, room=JavaEE, teacher=Teacher [id=1, subject=Java], students=null]
Classroom [id=1, room=JavaEE, teacher=Teacher [id=1, subject=Java], students=null]
Classroom [id=1, room=JavaEE, teacher=Teacher [id=1, subject=Java], students=[Student [id=1, name=ITDragon], Student [id=2, name=Marry]]]
Classroom [id=1, room=JavaEE, teacher=Teacher [id=1, subject=Java], students=[Student [id=null, name=ITDragon], Student [id=null, name=Marry]]]
[Person [id=1, email=lxl@qq.com, lastName=null], Person [id=2, email=cyy@qq.com, lastName=null], Person [id=3, email=itdrgon@qq.com, lastName=null]]
Person [id=2, email=cyy@qq.com, lastName=null]
Person [id=2, email=cyy@qq.com, lastName=cyy]
Person [id=2, email=cyy@qq.com, lastName=cyy]
2
1
源碼地址:https://github.com/ITDragonBlog/daydayup/tree/master/mybatis/mybatis-basic
到這裏,Mybatis 的入門知識就講完了。如果大家覺得不錯,可以關注我!後續還有很多不錯的內容提供。