Cloud從零開始

一、統一版本

cloud—>Hoxton.SR1
boot—>2.2.2.RELEASE
cloud alibaba—>2.1.0.RELEASE
Java—>Java8
Maven—>3.5及以上
Mysql—>5.7及以上

二、基於分佈式的微服務架構常用技術與實現

1、服務註冊與發現(EUREKA)

1.Eureka停更,現在推薦使用Zookeeper、Consul、Nacos(強烈推薦)

2、服務負載與調用(NETFLIX|OSS RIBBON)

1.Ribbon、LoadBalancer

3、服務負載與調用(NETFLIX FELGN)

1.OpenFeign

4、服務熔斷降級(HYSTRIX)

1.resilience4j(國外)、Sentinel(推薦)

5、服務網關(NETFLIX|OSS Zuul)

1.gateway(重點)

6、服務分佈式配置(Spring Cloud Config)

1.Nacos

7、服務總線

1.Nacos

8、服務開發(Spring Boot)

三、pom文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>``
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>cloud2020</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>pom</packaging>
    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <maven.compiler.cource>1.8</maven.compiler.cource>
        <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
        <junit.version>4.12</junit.version>
        <log4j.version>1.2.17</log4j.version>
        <lombok.version>1.16.18</lombok.version>
        <mysql.version>5.1.47</mysql.version>
        <druid.version>1.1.16</druid.version>
        <mybatis.spring.boot.version>1.3.0</mybatis.spring.boot.version>
    </properties>
    <!--子模塊繼承之後,提供作用:鎖定版本+子modlue不用寫groupId和version-->
    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <!--spring boot 2.2.2-->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>2.2.2.RELEASE</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            <!--spring cloud Hoxton.SR1-->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>Hoxton.SR1</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            <!--spring cloud alibaba 2.1.0.RELEASE-->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>2.1.0.RELEASE</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>mysql</groupId>
                <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
                <version>${mysql.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
                <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
                <version>${druid.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
                <version>${mybatis.spring.boot.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>junit</groupId>
                <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
                <version>${junit.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>log4j</groupId>
                <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
                <version>${log4j.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
                <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
                <version>${lombok.version}</version>
                <optional>true</optional>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <fork>true</fork>
                    <addResources>true</addResources>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

1、dependencyManagement和dependencies的區別

Maven使用dependencyManagement元素來提供了一種管理依賴版本號的方式。通常會在一個組織或者目的最頂層的父pom中看到dependencyManagement元素

使用pom.xml中的dependencyManagement元素能讓所有在子項目中引用一個依賴而不用顯式的列出版本號。Maven會沿着父子層次向上走,知道找到一個擁有dependencyManagement元素的項目,然後它就會使用這個dependencyManagement元素中指定的版本號。

這樣做的好處就是:如果有多個子項目都引用一樣的依賴,則可以避免在每個使用的子項目裏都聲明一個版本號,這樣當想升級或切換到另一個版本時,只需要在頂層父容器裏更新,而不需要一個個子項目的修改;另外如果某個子項目需要另外的一個版本,只需要聲明version就可以了。

dependencyManagement裏只是聲明依賴,並不實現引入,因此子項目需要顯示的聲明需要用的依賴。

如果不在子項目中聲明依賴,是不會從父項目中繼承下來的;只有在子項目中寫了該依賴項,並且沒有指定具體版本,纔會從父項目中 繼承 該項,並且version和scope都讀取自父pom。

如果子項目中指定了版本號,那麼會使子項目中指定的jar版本。

四、支付模塊環境搭建

1.建module

在父工程中新建一個子項目

2.改POM

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>cloud2020</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>cloud-provider-payment8001</artifactId>

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
        <artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        <version>1.1.10</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>mysql</groupId>
        <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
        <scope>runtime</scope>
        <optional>true</optional>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
        <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
        <optional>true</optional>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>

3.寫YML

server:
  port: 8001

spring:
  application:
    name: cloud-payment-service
  datasource:
    type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource   #當前數據源操作類型
    drover-class-name: org.gjt.mm.mysql.Driver     #mysql驅動包
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db2020?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=false
    username:root
    password:123456

mybatis:
  mapper-locations: classpath:mapper/*.xml
  type-aliases-package: com.atguitu.springcloud.entities   #所有Entity別名類所在包

4.主啓動

新建項目啓動類

package comatguigu.springcloud;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class PaymentMain8001 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(PaymentMain8001.class,args);
    }
}

5.業務類

1)建表SQL

CREATE TABLE `payment` (
  `id` bigint(20) NOT NULL,
  `serial` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

-- ----------------------------
-- Records of payment
-- ----------------------------
INSERT INTO `payment` VALUES ('35', 'aaabbb01');

2)entities

Payment實體類:

package comatguigu.springcloud.entities;

import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;

import java.io.Serializable;

@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
public class Payment implements Serializable {
    private long id;
    private String serial;
}

CommentResult類(前後端分離所使用的類):

package comatguigu.springcloud.entities;

import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;

@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
public class CommonResult<T> {
    //404 not_found
    private Integer code;
    private String message;
    private T data;
    public CommonResult(Integer code, String message){
        this(code,message,null);
    }
}

3)dao

package comatguigu.springcloud.dao;

import comatguigu.springcloud.entities.Payment;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Mapper;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Param;

@Mapper
public interface PaymentDao {
    //crud....

    public int create(Payment payment);

    public Payment getPaymentById(@Param("id") Long id);
}

xml文件:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.atguigu.springcloud.dao.PaymentDao">
  <insert id="create" parameterType="Payment" useGeneratedKeys="true" keyProperty="id">
      insert into payment(id,serial) values(#{id},#{serial})
  </insert>
    <resultMap id="BaseResultMap" type="com.atguigu.springcloud.entities.Payment">
        <id column="id" property="id" jdbcType="BIGINT"/>
        <id column="serial" property="serial" jdbcType="VARCHAR"/>
    </resultMap>
    <select id="getPaymentById" parameterType="Long" resultMap="BaseResultMap">
        select * from payment where id=#{id}
    </select>
</mapper>

注:

<resultMap id="BaseResultMap" type="com.atguigu.springcloud.entities.Payment">
        <id column="order_status" property="orderStatus" jdbcType="VARCHAR"/>
    </resultMap>

resultMap中,column和property可能不同,column是數據庫字段的命名規範,而property是實體類中的命名規範,可能會有不同。

4)service

接口:

package com.atguigu.springcloud.service;

import com.atguigu.springcloud.entities.Payment;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Param;

public interface PaymentService {
    public int create(Payment payment);

    public Payment getPaymentById(@Param("id") Long id);
}

實現類:

package com.atguigu.springcloud.service.impl;

import com.atguigu.springcloud.dao.PaymentDao;
import com.atguigu.springcloud.entities.Payment;
import com.atguigu.springcloud.service.PaymentService;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import javax.annotation.Resource;

@Service
public class PaymentServiceImpl implements PaymentService {

    @Resource
    private PaymentDao paymentDao;

    @Override
    public int create(Payment payment) {
        return paymentDao.create(payment);
    }

    @Override
    public Payment getPaymentById(Long id) {
        return paymentDao.getPaymentById(id);
    }
}

5)controller

package com.atguigu.springcloud.controller;

import com.atguigu.springcloud.entities.CommonResult;
import com.atguigu.springcloud.entities.Payment;
import com.atguigu.springcloud.service.PaymentService;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import javax.annotation.Resource;

@RestController
@Slf4j
public class PaymentController {
    @Resource
    private PaymentService paymentService;

    @PostMapping(value = "/payment/create")
    public CommonResult create(Payment payment){
        int result=paymentService.create(payment);
        log.info("*******插入結果:"+result);
        if(result>0){
            return new CommonResult(200,"插入數據成功",result);
        }
        else{
            return new CommonResult(444,"插入數據庫庫失敗",null);
        }
    }

    @GetMapping(value = "/payment/get/{id}")
    public CommonResult getPaymentById(@PathVariable("id") Long id){
        Payment payment=paymentService.getPaymentById(id);
        log.info("*******查詢結果:"+payment);
        if(payment!=null){
            return new CommonResult(200,"查詢成功",payment);
        }
        else{
            return new CommonResult(444,"沒有對應的記錄",null);
        }
    }
}

6)測試

由於瀏覽器一般不支持post請求,使用Postman工具模擬測試,自測通過

五、熱部署(Devtools)

1.Adding devtools to your project
2.Adding plugin to your pom.xml
3.Enabling automatic build
4.Update the value of
5.重啓IDEA

六、訂單模塊搭建

1.建cloud-consumer-orderr80

2.改pom

3.寫yml

4.主啓動類

5.業務類

1)entities

拷貝上面的支付模塊的實體類(Payment和CommonResult)

2)首說RestTemplate

使用RestTemplate完成兩個模塊的遠程調用,一個調用接口方式的封裝。
是什麼:
RestTemplate提供了多種便捷訪問遠程Http服務的方法,
是一種簡單便捷的訪問restful服務模板類,是spring提供的用於訪問Rest服務的客戶端模板工具集。
使用方法:

官網地址
使用:
使用restTemplate訪問restful接口非常的簡單。
(url,requestMmap,ResponseBean.class)這三個參數分別代表REST請求地址、請求參數、HTTP相應轉換被轉換成的對象類型。

3)配置restTemplate

package com.atguigu.springcloud.config;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@Configuration
public class ApplicationContextConfig {
    @Bean
    public RestTemplate getRestTemplate(){
        return  new RestTemplate();
    }
}

4)Controller

package com.atguigu.springcloud.controller;

import com.atguigu.springcloud.entities.CommonResult;
import com.atguigu.springcloud.entities.Payment;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

import javax.annotation.Resource;

@RestController
@Slf4j
public class OrderController {
    public static final String  PAYMENT_URL="http://localhost:8001";

    @Resource
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;

    @GetMapping("/consumer/payment/create")
    public CommonResult<Payment> create(Payment payment){
        return restTemplate.postForObject(PAYMENT_URL+"/payment/create",payment,CommonResult.class);
    }
    @GetMapping("/consumer/payment/get/{id}")
    public CommonResult<Payment> getPayment(@PathVariable("id") Long id){
        return restTemplate.getForObject(PAYMENT_URL+"/payment/get/"+id,CommonResult.class);
    }

}

6.測試

查詢:
http://localhost/consumer/payment/get/35
添加:
http://localhost/consumer/payment/create?id=22&serial=1111
發現添加不成功,此時需要在8001支付模塊添加的controller中增加@RequestBody註解

@PostMapping(value = "/payment/create")
    public CommonResult create(@RequestBody Payment payment){
        int result=paymentService.create(payment);
        log.info("*******插入結果:"+result);
        if(result>0){
            return new CommonResult(200,"插入數據成功",result);
        }
        else{
            return new CommonResult(444,"插入數據庫庫失敗",null);
        }
    }

運行過程中沒有Run DashBoard解決方案
選擇viwe->Tool Windows->Services
即可
測試通過!!

七、工程重構

由於兩個工程中有重複的實體代碼,
將兩個工程中相同的代碼提到一個公開共用的工程中,供大家統一調配使用。

1.新建工程 colud-api-commons

2.新建通用封裝類

3.使用maven install

4.刪除工程中重複的實體類

5.在需要使用這個公共包的時只需要引入依賴即可

pom.xml:

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
            <version>${project.version}</version>
        </dependency>

零基礎入門完結。。。

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