Nginx服務器--Day2

一：Nginx環境搭建

1：Nginx下載

wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.6.2.tar.gz

2：解壓安裝

tar -xvf nginx-1.6.2.tar.gz

3：下載所需的依賴包

yum -y install pcre
yum -y install pcre-devel
yum -y install zlib
yum -y install zlib-devel
yum -y install gcc-c++

4：進行configure配置

cd nginx-1.6.2 && ./configure --prefix=/opt/module/nginx

5：編譯安裝

 make && make install

6：啓動Nginx

cd /opt/module/nginx/sbin
./nginx  //啓動
./nginx -s stop //關閉
./nginx -s reload //重啓

7：檢驗

使用ps -ef | grep nginx查看進程，使用瀏覽器訪問http://xx.xx.xx.xx:yy。

8：設置開機自啓動

8.1：編寫shell腳本

vim /etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx

#!/bin/bash
# nginx Startup script for the Nginx HTTP Server
# it is v.0.0.2 version.
# chkconfig: - 85 15
# description: Nginx is a high-performance web and proxy server.
#              It has a lot of features, but it's not for everyone.
# processname: nginx
# pidfile: /var/run/nginx.pid
# config: /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
nginxd=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
nginx_config=/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
nginx_pid=/var/run/nginx.pid
RETVAL=0
prog="nginx"
# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
# Source networking configuration.
. /etc/sysconfig/network
# Check that networking is up.
[ ${NETWORKING} = "no" ] && exit 0
[ -x $nginxd ] || exit 0
# Start nginx daemons functions.
start() {
if [ -e $nginx_pid ];then
   echo "nginx already running...."
   exit 1
fi
   echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
   daemon $nginxd -c ${nginx_config}
   RETVAL=$?
   echo
   [ $RETVAL = 0 ] && touch /var/lock/subsys/nginx
   return $RETVAL
}
# Stop nginx daemons functions.
stop() {
        echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
        killproc $nginxd
        RETVAL=$?
        echo
        [ $RETVAL = 0 ] && rm -f /var/lock/subsys/nginx /var/run/nginx.pid
}
# reload nginx service functions.
reload() {
    echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
    #kill -HUP `cat ${nginx_pid}`
    killproc $nginxd -HUP
    RETVAL=$?
    echo
}
# See how we were called.
case "$1" in
start)
        start
        ;;
stop)
        stop
        ;;
reload)
        reload
        ;;
restart)
        stop
        start
        ;;
status)
        status $prog
        RETVAL=$?
        ;;
*)
        echo $"Usage: $prog {start|stop|restart|reload|status|help}"
        exit 1
esac
exit $RETVAL

8.2：設置文件的訪問權限

chmod a+x /etc/init.d/nginx

8.3：設置開機啓動

chkconfig nginx on

二：Nginx虛擬主機配置

server {
        listen       8008;
        #監聽端口
        server_name  localhost;
        #服務器主機名
        location / {
            #根目錄
            root   html;
            #默認訪問的頁面
            index  index.html index.htm;           
        }
   
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        #錯誤頁面
        location = /50x.html {
            #根目錄
            root   html;           
        }
}

三：Nginx日誌文件講解

1：文件概念

1.1：access.log：成功日誌

1.2：error.log：錯誤日誌

1.3：nginx.pid：運行進程PID碼日誌

2：配置日誌路徑

access_log logs/access.log main

3：查看日誌內容命令

tail -n 100 -f nginx/logs/access.log

四：日誌文件切分

1：編寫shell腳本log.sh

1-1：腳本內容

#!/bin/sh

BASE_DIR=/usr/local/nginx
BASE_FILE_NAME=bhz.com.access.log

CURRENT_PATH=$BASE_DIR/logs
BAK_PATH=$BASE_DIR/datalogs

CURRENT_FILE=$CURRENT_PATH/$BASE_FILE_NAME
BAK_TIME=`/bin/date -d yesterday +%Y%m%d%H%M`
BAK_FILE=$BAK_PATH/$BAK_TIME-$BASE_FILE_NAME
echo $BAK_FILE

$BASE_DIR/sbin/nginx -s stop

mv $CURRENT_FILE $BAK_FILE

$BASE_DIR/sbin/nginx

1.2：給log.sh賦權

chmod 777 log.sh 

2：定時任務對腳本進行調度

crontab -e
*/1*****sh /opt/module/nginx/sbin/log.sh

五：nginx_location配置講解

1：location語法：表示uri方式定位

1.1：基礎語法有三種

location=pattern {} 精準匹配，當精確匹配和一般匹配同時存在時，執行精確匹配的內容
location pattern {} 一般匹配，當存在多個一般匹配時，匹配度最高的執行
location ~ pattern {}  正則匹配，正則匹配存在多個時，匹配度最高的執行，正則與普通匹配同時存在時，執行正則

1.2：其他語法

if (條件爲： =~~*)、return 、break、rewrite
-f 是否爲文件、-d 是否爲目錄、-e 是否爲存在

1.3：nginx配置文件說明

#user  nobody;

#開啓進程數 <=CPU數 
worker_processes  1;

#錯誤日誌保存位置
#error_log  logs/error.log;
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;

#進程號保存文件
#pid        logs/nginx.pid;

#每個進程最大連接數（最大連接=連接數x進程數）每個worker允許同時產生多少個鏈接，默認1024
events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}


http {
	#文件擴展名與文件類型映射表
    include       mime.types;
	#默認文件類型
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

	#日誌文件輸出格式 這個位置相於全局設置
    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

	#請求日誌保存位置
    #access_log  logs/access.log  main;
	
	#打開發送文件
    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    #keepalive_timeout  0;
	#連接超時時間
    keepalive_timeout  65;

	#打開gzip壓縮
    #gzip  on;
	
	#設定請求緩衝
	#client_header_buffer_size 1k;
	#large_client_header_buffers 4 4k;
	
	#設定負載均衡的服務器列表
	#upstream myproject {
		#weigth參數表示權值，權值越高被分配到的機率越大
		#max_fails 當有#max_fails個請求失敗，就表示後端的服務器不可用，默認爲1，將其設置爲0可以關閉檢查
		#fail_timeout 在以後的#fail_timeout時間內nginx不會再把請求發往已檢查出標記爲不可用的服務器
	#}
	
    #webapp
    #upstream myapp {   
  	# server 192.168.1.171:8080 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s;   
	# server 192.168.1.172:8080 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s;   
    #} 

	#配置虛擬主機，基於域名、ip和端口
    server {
		#監聽端口
        listen       80;
		#監聽域名
        server_name  localhost;

        #charset koi8-r;
		
		#nginx訪問日誌放在logs/host.access.log下，並且使用main格式（還可以自定義格式）
        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;

		#返回的相應文件地址
        location / {
            #設置客戶端真實ip地址
            #proxy_set_header X-real-ip $remote_addr;		
			#負載均衡反向代理
			#proxy_pass http://myapp;
			
			#返回根路徑地址（相對路徑:相對於/usr/local/nginx/）
            root   html;
			#默認訪問文件
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }

		#配置反向代理tomcat服務器：攔截.jsp結尾的請求轉向到tomcat
        #location ~ \.jsp$ {
        #    proxy_pass http://192.168.1.171:8080;
        #}		
		
        #error_page  404              /404.html;
        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
		
		#錯誤頁面及其返回地址
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }

        # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
        #}

        # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    root           html;
        #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
        #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
        #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
        #    include        fastcgi_params;
        #}

        # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
        # concurs with nginx's one
        #
        #location ~ /\.ht {
        #    deny  all;
        #}
    }
	
	#虛擬主機配置：
	server {
		listen 1234;
		server_name bhz.com;
		location / {
		#正則表達式匹配uri方式：在/usr/local/nginx/bhz.com下 建立一個test123.html 然後使用正則匹配
		#location ~ test {
			## 重寫語法：if return （條件 = ~ ~*）
			#if ($remote_addr = 192.168.1.200) {
			#       return 401;
			#}		
			
			#if ($http_user_agent ~* firefox) {
			#	   rewrite ^.*$ /firefox.html;
			#	   break;
			#}			
						
			root bhz.com;
			index index.html;
		}
		
		#location /goods {
		#		rewrite "goods-(\d{1,5})\.html" /goods-ctrl.html;
		#		root bhz.com;
		#		index index.html;
		#}
		
		#配置訪問日誌
		access_log logs/bhz.com.access.log main;
	}
	


    # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       8000;
    #    listen       somename:8080;
    #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}


    # HTTPS server
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       443 ssl;
    #    server_name  localhost;

    #    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;
    #    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;

    #    ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;
    #    ssl_session_timeout  5m;

    #    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
    #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}

}

 

六：Nginx反向代理配置和負載均衡配置

1：反向代理

在location中使用proxy_pass

#配置反向代理tomcat服務器，攔截.jsp結尾的請求轉向tomcat
location ~ \.jsp${
    #設置客戶端真實IP
    proxy_set_header X-real-ip $remote_addr;
    #轉向http://192.168.1.114:8080;
    proxy_pass http://192.168.1.114:8080;
}

2：負載均衡

與server平級使用upstream

#當主機名爲myapp時，對請求分流給不同的主機
upstream myapp{
    server 192.168.1.171:8080 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s;   
    server 192.168.1.172:8080 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s; 
    #weight：權重，請求分流給該主機的概率
    #max_fails:失敗多少次，認爲主機宕機
    #fail_timeout:請求超過多長時間，認爲訪問失敗
}