Nginx服务器--Day2

一：Nginx环境搭建

1：Nginx下载

wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.6.2.tar.gz

2：解压安装

tar -xvf nginx-1.6.2.tar.gz

3：下载所需的依赖包

yum -y install pcre
yum -y install pcre-devel
yum -y install zlib
yum -y install zlib-devel
yum -y install gcc-c++

4：进行configure配置

cd nginx-1.6.2 && ./configure --prefix=/opt/module/nginx

5：编译安装

 make && make install

6：启动Nginx

cd /opt/module/nginx/sbin
./nginx  //启动
./nginx -s stop //关闭
./nginx -s reload //重启

7：检验

使用ps -ef | grep nginx查看进程，使用浏览器访问http://xx.xx.xx.xx:yy。

8：设置开机自启动

8.1：编写shell脚本

vim /etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx

#!/bin/bash
# nginx Startup script for the Nginx HTTP Server
# it is v.0.0.2 version.
# chkconfig: - 85 15
# description: Nginx is a high-performance web and proxy server.
#              It has a lot of features, but it's not for everyone.
# processname: nginx
# pidfile: /var/run/nginx.pid
# config: /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
nginxd=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
nginx_config=/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
nginx_pid=/var/run/nginx.pid
RETVAL=0
prog="nginx"
# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
# Source networking configuration.
. /etc/sysconfig/network
# Check that networking is up.
[ ${NETWORKING} = "no" ] && exit 0
[ -x $nginxd ] || exit 0
# Start nginx daemons functions.
start() {
if [ -e $nginx_pid ];then
   echo "nginx already running...."
   exit 1
fi
   echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
   daemon $nginxd -c ${nginx_config}
   RETVAL=$?
   echo
   [ $RETVAL = 0 ] && touch /var/lock/subsys/nginx
   return $RETVAL
}
# Stop nginx daemons functions.
stop() {
        echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
        killproc $nginxd
        RETVAL=$?
        echo
        [ $RETVAL = 0 ] && rm -f /var/lock/subsys/nginx /var/run/nginx.pid
}
# reload nginx service functions.
reload() {
    echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
    #kill -HUP `cat ${nginx_pid}`
    killproc $nginxd -HUP
    RETVAL=$?
    echo
}
# See how we were called.
case "$1" in
start)
        start
        ;;
stop)
        stop
        ;;
reload)
        reload
        ;;
restart)
        stop
        start
        ;;
status)
        status $prog
        RETVAL=$?
        ;;
*)
        echo $"Usage: $prog {start|stop|restart|reload|status|help}"
        exit 1
esac
exit $RETVAL

8.2：设置文件的访问权限

chmod a+x /etc/init.d/nginx

8.3：设置开机启动

chkconfig nginx on

二：Nginx虚拟主机配置

server {
        listen       8008;
        #监听端口
        server_name  localhost;
        #服务器主机名
        location / {
            #根目录
            root   html;
            #默认访问的页面
            index  index.html index.htm;           
        }
   
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        #错误页面
        location = /50x.html {
            #根目录
            root   html;           
        }
}

三：Nginx日志文件讲解

1：文件概念

1.1：access.log：成功日志

1.2：error.log：错误日志

1.3：nginx.pid：运行进程PID码日志

2：配置日志路径

access_log logs/access.log main

3：查看日志内容命令

tail -n 100 -f nginx/logs/access.log

四：日志文件切分

1：编写shell脚本log.sh

1-1：脚本内容

#!/bin/sh

BASE_DIR=/usr/local/nginx
BASE_FILE_NAME=bhz.com.access.log

CURRENT_PATH=$BASE_DIR/logs
BAK_PATH=$BASE_DIR/datalogs

CURRENT_FILE=$CURRENT_PATH/$BASE_FILE_NAME
BAK_TIME=`/bin/date -d yesterday +%Y%m%d%H%M`
BAK_FILE=$BAK_PATH/$BAK_TIME-$BASE_FILE_NAME
echo $BAK_FILE

$BASE_DIR/sbin/nginx -s stop

mv $CURRENT_FILE $BAK_FILE

$BASE_DIR/sbin/nginx

1.2：给log.sh赋权

chmod 777 log.sh 

2：定时任务对脚本进行调度

crontab -e
*/1*****sh /opt/module/nginx/sbin/log.sh

五：nginx_location配置讲解

1：location语法：表示uri方式定位

1.1：基础语法有三种

location=pattern {} 精准匹配，当精确匹配和一般匹配同时存在时，执行精确匹配的内容
location pattern {} 一般匹配，当存在多个一般匹配时，匹配度最高的执行
location ~ pattern {}  正则匹配，正则匹配存在多个时，匹配度最高的执行，正则与普通匹配同时存在时，执行正则

1.2：其他语法

if (条件为： =~~*)、return 、break、rewrite
-f 是否为文件、-d 是否为目录、-e 是否为存在

1.3：nginx配置文件说明

#user  nobody;

#开启进程数 <=CPU数 
worker_processes  1;

#错误日志保存位置
#error_log  logs/error.log;
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;

#进程号保存文件
#pid        logs/nginx.pid;

#每个进程最大连接数（最大连接=连接数x进程数）每个worker允许同时产生多少个链接，默认1024
events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}


http {
	#文件扩展名与文件类型映射表
    include       mime.types;
	#默认文件类型
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

	#日志文件输出格式 这个位置相于全局设置
    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

	#请求日志保存位置
    #access_log  logs/access.log  main;
	
	#打开发送文件
    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    #keepalive_timeout  0;
	#连接超时时间
    keepalive_timeout  65;

	#打开gzip压缩
    #gzip  on;
	
	#设定请求缓冲
	#client_header_buffer_size 1k;
	#large_client_header_buffers 4 4k;
	
	#设定负载均衡的服务器列表
	#upstream myproject {
		#weigth参数表示权值，权值越高被分配到的机率越大
		#max_fails 当有#max_fails个请求失败，就表示后端的服务器不可用，默认为1，将其设置为0可以关闭检查
		#fail_timeout 在以后的#fail_timeout时间内nginx不会再把请求发往已检查出标记为不可用的服务器
	#}
	
    #webapp
    #upstream myapp {   
  	# server 192.168.1.171:8080 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s;   
	# server 192.168.1.172:8080 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s;   
    #} 

	#配置虚拟主机，基于域名、ip和端口
    server {
		#监听端口
        listen       80;
		#监听域名
        server_name  localhost;

        #charset koi8-r;
		
		#nginx访问日志放在logs/host.access.log下，并且使用main格式（还可以自定义格式）
        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;

		#返回的相应文件地址
        location / {
            #设置客户端真实ip地址
            #proxy_set_header X-real-ip $remote_addr;		
			#负载均衡反向代理
			#proxy_pass http://myapp;
			
			#返回根路径地址（相对路径:相对于/usr/local/nginx/）
            root   html;
			#默认访问文件
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }

		#配置反向代理tomcat服务器：拦截.jsp结尾的请求转向到tomcat
        #location ~ \.jsp$ {
        #    proxy_pass http://192.168.1.171:8080;
        #}		
		
        #error_page  404              /404.html;
        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
		
		#错误页面及其返回地址
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }

        # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
        #}

        # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    root           html;
        #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
        #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
        #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
        #    include        fastcgi_params;
        #}

        # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
        # concurs with nginx's one
        #
        #location ~ /\.ht {
        #    deny  all;
        #}
    }
	
	#虚拟主机配置：
	server {
		listen 1234;
		server_name bhz.com;
		location / {
		#正则表达式匹配uri方式：在/usr/local/nginx/bhz.com下 建立一个test123.html 然后使用正则匹配
		#location ~ test {
			## 重写语法：if return （条件 = ~ ~*）
			#if ($remote_addr = 192.168.1.200) {
			#       return 401;
			#}		
			
			#if ($http_user_agent ~* firefox) {
			#	   rewrite ^.*$ /firefox.html;
			#	   break;
			#}			
						
			root bhz.com;
			index index.html;
		}
		
		#location /goods {
		#		rewrite "goods-(\d{1,5})\.html" /goods-ctrl.html;
		#		root bhz.com;
		#		index index.html;
		#}
		
		#配置访问日志
		access_log logs/bhz.com.access.log main;
	}
	


    # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       8000;
    #    listen       somename:8080;
    #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}


    # HTTPS server
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       443 ssl;
    #    server_name  localhost;

    #    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;
    #    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;

    #    ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;
    #    ssl_session_timeout  5m;

    #    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
    #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}

}

 

六：Nginx反向代理配置和负载均衡配置

1：反向代理

在location中使用proxy_pass

#配置反向代理tomcat服务器，拦截.jsp结尾的请求转向tomcat
location ~ \.jsp${
    #设置客户端真实IP
    proxy_set_header X-real-ip $remote_addr;
    #转向http://192.168.1.114:8080;
    proxy_pass http://192.168.1.114:8080;
}

2：负载均衡

与server平级使用upstream

#当主机名为myapp时，对请求分流给不同的主机
upstream myapp{
    server 192.168.1.171:8080 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s;   
    server 192.168.1.172:8080 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s; 
    #weight：权重，请求分流给该主机的概率
    #max_fails:失败多少次，认为主机宕机
    #fail_timeout:请求超过多长时间，认为访问失败
}