dubbo的調用原理及泛化調用

簡單介紹

dubbo是阿里開源出來的一個rpc框架,主要是用於微服務分佈式項目的遠程調用,它提供了三大核心能力:面向接口的遠程方法調用,智能容錯和負載均衡,以及服務自動註冊和發現,下面是調用的原理圖:
在這裏插入圖片描述
dubbo框架的整體設計:
在這裏插入圖片描述
圖例說明:

1,圖中左邊淡藍背景的爲服務消費方使用的接口,右邊淡綠色背景的爲服務提供方使用的接口,位於中軸線上的爲雙方都用到的接口。
2,圖中從下至上分爲十層,各層均爲單向依賴,右邊的黑色箭頭代表層之間的依賴關係,每一層都可以剝離上層被複用,其中,Service 和 Config 層爲 API,其它各層均爲 SPI。
3,圖中綠色小塊的爲擴展接口,藍色小塊爲實現類,圖中只顯示用於關聯各層的實現類。
4,圖中藍色虛線爲初始化過程,即啓動時組裝鏈,紅色實線爲方法調用過程,即運行時調時鏈,紫色三角箭頭爲繼承,可以把子類看作父類的同一個節點,線上的文字爲調用的方法

遠程調用細節

服務提供者暴露一個服務的詳細過程

在這裏插入圖片描述
上圖是服務提供者暴露服務的主過程:

首先 ServiceConfig 類拿到對外提供服務的實際類 ref(如:HelloWorldImpl),然後通過 ProxyFactory 類的 getInvoker 方法使用 ref 生成一個 AbstractProxyInvoker 實例,到這一步就完成具體服務到 Invoker 的轉化。接下來就是 Invoker 轉換到 Exporter 的過程。

Dubbo 處理服務暴露的關鍵就在 Invoker 轉換到 Exporter 的過程,上圖中的紅色部分。下面我們以 Dubbo 和 RMI 這兩種典型協議的實現來進行說明:

Dubbo 的實現
Dubbo 協議的 Invoker 轉爲 Exporter 發生在 DubboProtocol 類的 export 方法,它主要是打開 socket 偵聽服務,並接收客戶端發來的各種請求,通訊細節由 Dubbo 自己實現。

RMI 的實現
RMI 協議的 Invoker 轉爲 Exporter 發生在 RmiProtocol類的 export 方法,它通過 Spring 或 Dubbo 或 JDK 來實現 RMI 服務,通訊細節這一塊由 JDK 底層來實現,這就省了不少工作量。

服務消費者消費一個服務的詳細過程

在這裏插入圖片描述
上圖是服務消費的主過程:

首先 ReferenceConfig 類的 init 方法調用 Protocol 的 refer 方法生成 Invoker 實例(如上圖中的紅色部分),這是服務消費的關鍵。接下來把 Invoker 轉換爲客戶端需要的接口(如:HelloWorld)。

dubbo直接引用

1,xml形式

服務提供者:

public interface DemoService {
    String sayHello(String name);
}

具體實現:

public class DemoServiceImpl implements DemoService {
    public String sayHello(String name) {
        return "Hello " + name;
    }
}

spring聲明暴露服務:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:dubbo="http://dubbo.apache.org/schema/dubbo"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd        http://dubbo.apache.org/schema/dubbo        http://dubbo.apache.org/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd">
 
    <!-- 提供方應用信息,用於計算依賴關係 -->
    <dubbo:application name="hello-world-app"  />
 
    <!-- 使用multicast廣播註冊中心暴露服務地址 -->
    <dubbo:registry address="multicast://224.5.6.7:1234" />
 
    <!-- 用dubbo協議在20880端口暴露服務 -->
    <dubbo:protocol name="dubbo" port="20880" />
 
    <!-- 聲明需要暴露的服務接口 -->
    <dubbo:service interface="org.apache.dubbo.demo.DemoService" ref="demoService" />
 
    <!-- 和本地bean一樣實現服務 -->
    <bean id="demoService" class="org.apache.dubbo.demo.provider.DemoServiceImpl" />
</beans>

服務消費者:
通過 Spring 配置引用遠程服務:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:dubbo="http://dubbo.apache.org/schema/dubbo"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd        http://dubbo.apache.org/schema/dubbo        http://dubbo.apache.org/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd">
 
    <!-- 消費方應用名,用於計算依賴關係,不是匹配條件,不要與提供方一樣 -->
    <dubbo:application name="consumer-of-helloworld-app"  />
 
    <!-- 使用multicast廣播註冊中心暴露發現服務地址 -->
    <dubbo:registry address="multicast://224.5.6.7:1234" />
 
    <!-- 生成遠程服務代理,可以和本地bean一樣使用demoService -->
    <dubbo:reference id="demoService" interface="org.apache.dubbo.demo.DemoService" />
</beans>

遠程調用:

public class Consumer {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(new String[] {"http://10.20.160.198/wiki/display/dubbo/consumer.xml"});
        context.start();
        DemoService demoService = (DemoService)context.getBean("demoService"); // 獲取遠程服務代理
        String hello = demoService.sayHello("world"); // 執行遠程方法
        System.out.println( hello ); // 顯示調用結果
    }
}
2,api形式

提供者暴露服務:

/**
 * @author shihaowei
 * @date 2020-06-11 11:43
 */
@Configuration
//@EnableDubbo
@DubboComponentScan("person.shw.dubbo.provider")
public class DubboConfig {

    @Value("${nacos.data.id:f21d3b6b-20ed-4091-ab17-ac073abc3eba}")
    private String namespace;

    @Bean
    public ApplicationConfig applicationConfig(){
        ApplicationConfig applicationConfig = new ApplicationConfig();
        applicationConfig.setName("provider-nacos");
        return applicationConfig;
    }

    @Bean
    public RegistryConfig registryConfig(){
        RegistryConfig registryConfig = new RegistryConfig();
        registryConfig.setAddress("nacos://120.79.76.230:8848");
        registryConfig.setGroup("ONE_GROUP");
        Map<String,String> paramMap = new HashMap<String, String>();
        paramMap.put("namespace",namespace);
        registryConfig.setParameters(paramMap);
        return registryConfig;
    }


    @Bean
    public ProtocolConfig protocolConfig(){
        ProtocolConfig protocolConfig = new ProtocolConfig();
        protocolConfig.setName("dubbo");
        protocolConfig.setPort(12347);
        return protocolConfig;
    }

}

暴露服務的接口實現:

import org.apache.dubbo.config.annotation.Service;
import person.shw.dubbo.api.DubboApi;

/**
 * @author shihaowei
 * @date 2020-06-09 17:21
 */
@Service
public class ProviderServiceImpl implements DubboApi {
    public String getConsumerData() {
        return "333333333333333333";
    }
}

org.apache.dubbo.config.annotation.Service是引用的dubbo的包,而不是Spring的@Service

消費者消費服務:

@Configuration
public class DubboNacosConfig {

    @Bean
    public ApplicationConfig applicationConfig(RegistryConfig registryConfig){
        ApplicationConfig applicationConfig = new ApplicationConfig();
        applicationConfig.setName("consumer-nacos");
        applicationConfig.setRegistry(registryConfig);
        return applicationConfig;
    }

    @Bean
    public RegistryConfig registryConfig(){
        RegistryConfig registryConfig = new RegistryConfig();
        registryConfig.setCheck(false);
        registryConfig.setAddress("nacos://120.79.76.230:8848");
        registryConfig.setUsername("nacos");
        registryConfig.setPassword("nacos");
        Map<String,String> paramMap = new HashMap<String, String>();
        paramMap.put("namespace","f21d3b6b-20ed-4091-ab17-ac073abc3eba");
        registryConfig.setParameters(paramMap);
        return registryConfig;
    }
}

調用服務

import org.apache.dubbo.config.annotation.Reference;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import person.shw.dubbo.api.DubboApi;

/**
 * @author shihaowei
 * @date 2020-06-09 17:22
 */
@RestController
public class ConsumerController {

    @Reference
    private DubboApi dubboApi;

    @GetMapping(value = "/consumer/getMessage")
    public String getMessage(){
        return "【收到發來的消息】---->"+dubboApi.getConsumerData();
    }

}

dubbo的泛化調用

爲什麼要使用泛化調用?

一般使用dubbo,provider端需要暴露出接口和方法,consumer端要十分明確服務使用的接口定義和方法定義(還有入參返參類型等等信息,常常還需要基於provider端提供的API),兩端才能正常通信調用。

然而存在一種使用場景,調用方並不關心要調用的接口的詳細定義,它只關注我要調用哪個方法,需要傳什麼參數,我能接收到什麼返回結果即可,這樣可以大大降低consumer端和provider端的耦合性。

所以爲了應對以上的需求,dubbo提供了泛化調用,也就是在consumer只知道一個接口全限定名以及入參和返參的情況下,就可以調用provider端的調用,而不需要傳統的接口定義這些繁雜的結構。

比如微服務的網關就可以採用泛化調用,又不需要強引用衆多需要調用的服務

例子

繼續使用上面使用api的配置,當我調用的時候,不時用@reference註解,而是用genericservice泛化調用,參數及返回值中的所有 POJO 均用 Map 表示,通常用於框架集成

@RestController
public class ConsumerController {

    @Autowired
    private ApplicationConfig applicationConfig;

    @GetMapping(value = "/consumer/getMessage")
    public String getMessage(){
        /** dubbo的泛化調用 */
        ReferenceConfig<GenericService> reference = new ReferenceConfig<GenericService>();
        reference.setApplication(applicationConfig);
        reference.setInterface("person.shw.dubbo.api.DubboApi");
        reference.setTimeout(200000);
        reference.setGeneric(true);
        /** 添加緩存策略 */
        /*ReferenceConfigCache cache = ReferenceConfigCache.getCache();
        GenericService genericService = cache.get(reference);*/
        GenericService genericService = reference.get();

        /** 設置接口所需要的參數類型 */
        String[] parametertypes = new String[]{};
        String[] args = new String[]{};
        Object data = genericService.$invoke("getConsumerData", parametertypes, args);
        System.out.println(JSON.toJSONString(data));
        return "【收到consumer發來的消息】---->"+JSON.toJSONString(data);
    }

}

調用服務,打印日誌

2020-06-20 17:44:25.482  INFO 3033 --- [           main] o.s.web.context.ContextLoader            : Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in 924 ms
2020-06-20 17:44:25.664  WARN 3033 --- [           main] org.apache.dubbo.config.AbstractConfig   :  [DUBBO] There's no valid metadata config found, if you are using the simplified mode of registry url, please make sure you have a metadata address configured properly., dubbo version: 2.7.3, current host: 192.168.31.132
2020-06-20 17:44:25.669  INFO 3033 --- [           main] org.apache.dubbo.config.AbstractConfig   :  [DUBBO] There's no valid monitor config found, if you want to open monitor statistics for Dubbo, please make sure your monitor is configured properly., dubbo version: 2.7.3, current host: 192.168.31.132
2020-06-20 17:44:25.689  INFO 3033 --- [           main] o.a.d.qos.protocol.QosProtocolWrapper    :  [DUBBO] qos won't be started because it is disabled. Please check dubbo.application.qos.enable is configured either in system property, dubbo.properties or XML/spring-boot configuration., dubbo version: 2.7.3, current host: 192.168.31.132
2020-06-20 17:44:25.786  INFO 3033 --- [           main] o.a.dubbo.registry.nacos.NacosRegistry   :  [DUBBO] Load registry cache file /Users/edz/.dubbo/dubbo-registry-consumer-nacos-120.79.76.230:8848.cache, data: {person.shw.dubbo.api.DubboApi=dubbo://192.168.31.132:12347/person.shw.dubbo.api.DubboApi?anyhost=true&application=provider-nacos&bean.name=ServiceBean:person.shw.dubbo.api.DubboApi&category=providers&deprecated=false&dubbo=2.0.2&dynamic=true&generic=false&interface=person.shw.dubbo.api.DubboApi&methods=getConsumerData&path=person.shw.dubbo.api.DubboApi&pid=2846&protocol=dubbo&register=true&release=2.7.3&side=provider&timestamp=1592646130152}, dubbo version: 2.7.3, current host: 192.168.31.132
2020-06-20 17:44:25.804  INFO 3033 --- [           main] o.a.dubbo.registry.nacos.NacosRegistry   :  [DUBBO] Register: consumer://192.168.31.132/org.apache.dubbo.rpc.service.GenericService?application=consumer-nacos&category=consumers&check=false&dubbo=2.0.2&generic=true&interface=person.shw.dubbo.api.DubboApi&lazy=false&pid=3033&qos.enable=false&release=2.7.3&side=consumer&sticky=false&timeout=200000&timestamp=1592646265664, dubbo version: 2.7.3, current host: 192.168.31.132
2020-06-20 17:44:25.967  INFO 3033 --- [           main] o.a.dubbo.registry.nacos.NacosRegistry   :  [DUBBO] Subscribe: consumer://192.168.31.132/org.apache.dubbo.rpc.service.GenericService?application=consumer-nacos&category=providers,configurators,routers&dubbo=2.0.2&generic=true&interface=person.shw.dubbo.api.DubboApi&lazy=false&pid=3033&qos.enable=false&release=2.7.3&side=consumer&sticky=false&timeout=200000&timestamp=1592646265664, dubbo version: 2.7.3, current host: 192.168.31.132
2020-06-20 17:44:26.009  INFO 3033 --- [           main] o.a.dubbo.registry.nacos.NacosRegistry   :  [DUBBO] Notify urls for subscribe url consumer://192.168.31.132/org.apache.dubbo.rpc.service.GenericService?application=consumer-nacos&category=providers,configurators,routers&dubbo=2.0.2&generic=true&interface=person.shw.dubbo.api.DubboApi&lazy=false&pid=3033&qos.enable=false&release=2.7.3&side=consumer&sticky=false&timeout=200000&timestamp=1592646265664, urls: [dubbo://192.168.31.132:12347/person.shw.dubbo.api.DubboApi?anyhost=true&application=provider-nacos&bean.name=ServiceBean:person.shw.dubbo.api.DubboApi&category=providers&deprecated=false&dubbo=2.0.2&dynamic=true&generic=false&interface=person.shw.dubbo.api.DubboApi&methods=getConsumerData&path=person.shw.dubbo.api.DubboApi&pid=2846&protocol=dubbo&register=true&release=2.7.3&side=provider&timestamp=1592646130152], dubbo version: 2.7.3, current host: 192.168.31.132
2020-06-20 17:44:26.181  INFO 3033 --- [           main] o.a.d.remoting.transport.AbstractClient  :  [DUBBO] Succeed connect to server /192.168.31.132:12347 from NettyClient 192.168.31.132 using dubbo version 2.7.3, channel is NettyChannel [channel=[id: 0x5cf0891f, L:/192.168.31.132:55666 - R:/192.168.31.132:12347]], dubbo version: 2.7.3, current host: 192.168.31.132
2020-06-20 17:44:26.181  INFO 3033 --- [           main] o.a.d.remoting.transport.AbstractClient  :  [DUBBO] Start NettyClient /192.168.31.132 connect to the server /192.168.31.132:12347, dubbo version: 2.7.3, current host: 192.168.31.132
2020-06-20 17:44:26.216  INFO 3033 --- [client.listener] o.a.dubbo.registry.nacos.NacosRegistry   :  [DUBBO] Notify urls for subscribe url consumer://192.168.31.132/org.apache.dubbo.rpc.service.GenericService?application=consumer-nacos&category=providers,configurators,routers&dubbo=2.0.2&generic=true&interface=person.shw.dubbo.api.DubboApi&lazy=false&pid=3033&qos.enable=false&release=2.7.3&side=consumer&sticky=false&timeout=200000&timestamp=1592646265664, urls: [dubbo://192.168.31.132:12347/person.shw.dubbo.api.DubboApi?anyhost=true&application=provider-nacos&bean.name=ServiceBean:person.shw.dubbo.api.DubboApi&category=providers&deprecated=false&dubbo=2.0.2&dynamic=true&generic=false&interface=person.shw.dubbo.api.DubboApi&methods=getConsumerData&path=person.shw.dubbo.api.DubboApi&pid=2846&protocol=dubbo&register=true&release=2.7.3&side=provider&timestamp=1592646130152], dubbo version: 2.7.3, current host: 192.168.31.132
2020-06-20 17:44:26.218  INFO 3033 --- [           main] org.apache.dubbo.config.AbstractConfig   :  [DUBBO] Refer dubbo service org.apache.dubbo.rpc.service.GenericService from url nacos://120.79.76.230:8848/org.apache.dubbo.registry.RegistryService?anyhost=true&application=consumer-nacos&bean.name=ServiceBean:person.shw.dubbo.api.DubboApi&category=providers&check=false&deprecated=false&dubbo=2.0.2&dynamic=true&generic=true&interface=person.shw.dubbo.api.DubboApi&lazy=false&methods=getConsumerData&path=person.shw.dubbo.api.DubboApi&pid=3033&protocol=dubbo&qos.enable=false&register=true&register.ip=192.168.31.132&release=2.7.3&remote.application=provider-nacos&side=consumer&sticky=false&timeout=200000&timestamp=1592646265664, dubbo version: 2.7.3, current host: 192.168.31.132
[泛化調用成功]----->"333333333333333333"
2020-06-20 17:44:26.409  INFO 3033 --- [           main] o.s.s.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor  : Initializing ExecutorService 'applicationTaskExecutor'
2020-06-20 17:44:26.627  INFO 3033 --- [           main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer  : Tomcat started on port(s): 10009 (http) with context path ''
2020-06-20 17:44:26.630  INFO 3033 --- [           main] p.s.dubbo.consumer.DubboConsumerLanuch   : Started DubboConsumerLanuch in 2.383 seconds (JVM running for 2.875)

倒數第四行打印日誌,泛化調用成功。

// TODO 後面補上一個網關gateway使用dubbo泛化調用的例子

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