springboot登錄和攔截器詳解

一 、登錄及跳轉主頁總體步驟

1.登錄HTML添加動作跳轉,用戶名和密碼以及密碼錯誤提示框

在這裏插入代碼片`<!DOCTYPE html>
<!--&lt;!&ndash;<html lang="en">&ndash;&gt;    這個是默認的,後面加上對應的模板引擎-->
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
	<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
	<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no">
	<meta name="description" content="">
	<meta name="author" content="">
	<title>Signin Template for Bootstrap</title>
	<!-- Bootstrap core CSS -->
	<link href="asserts/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
	<!-- Custom styles for this template -->
	<link href="asserts/css/signin.css" rel="stylesheet">
</head>

<body class="text-center">
<form class="form-signin" action="dashboard.html" th:action="@{/user/login}" method="post">
	<img class="mb-4" src="asserts/img/bootstrap-solid.svg" alt="" width="72" height="72">
	<h1 class="h3 mb-3 font-weight-normal" th:text="#{login.tip}">Please sign in</h1>
	<!--加入p標籤,標籤的顏色設置爲紅色,標籤的內容由controller中msg獲得-->
	<!--使用if方法,同時變量表達式中的內置工具判斷msg是否爲空-->
	<p style="color: red" th:text="${msg}" th:if="${not #strings.isEmpty(msg)}"></p>
	<label class="sr-only">Username</label>
	<input type="text"  name = "username" class="form-control" placeholder="Username" th:placeholder="#{login.username}" autofocus="">
	<label class="sr-only" th:text="#{login.password}">Password</label>
	<input type="password" name = "password" class="form-control" placeholder="Password" th:placeholder="#{login.password}">

	<div class="checkbox mb-3">
		<label>
			<input type="checkbox" value="remember-me"> [[#{login.remember}]]
		</label>
	</div>
	<button class="btn btn-lg btn-primary btn-block" type="submit" th:text="#{login.btn}">Sign in</button>
	<p class="mt-5 mb-3 text-muted">© 2017-2018</p>
<!--	下面是根據點擊請求帶上對應的zh_CN字符放到連接中,後面就去鏈接中截取這個關鍵字,然後切換視圖-->
	<a class="btn btn-sm" th:href="@{/index.html(l='zh_CN')}">中文</a>
	<a class="btn btn-sm" th:href="@{/index.html(l='en_US')}">English</a>

</form>

</body>

</html>`

2.配置“WebMvcConfigurerAdapter”函數

package Main.config;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.PathMatchConfigurer;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.ViewControllerRegistry;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurerAdapter;

@Configuration
public class mvcConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {
    @Override
    public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry){
        registry.addViewController("/ceshi").setViewName("hello");
        registry.addViewController("/ceshisuccess").setViewName("success");
        //前面是請求,http://localhost:8080/hello  因爲沒有hello.html 程序會去controller顯示返回值
        //       http://localhost:8080/ceshisuccess,controller也沒有對應的處理函數,它是直接去html,顯示信息

    }
    //上下兩種方法都可以直接不用再controller裏面寫getMapping了,這種方法直接去到templates下的html頁面
    @Bean   //將定義的東西放到容器中,這樣能被掃描到
    public WebMvcConfigurerAdapter WebMvcConfigurerAdapter(){
        WebMvcConfigurerAdapter adapter = new WebMvcConfigurerAdapter() {
            @Override   //這個可以用右鍵generate、Override 然後就找到對應的函數了
            public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
                registry.addViewController("/").setViewName("login");
                registry.addViewController("/index.html").setViewName("login");
                //這個是去主頁的重定向,只是登錄頁面不需要
                registry.addViewController("/main.html").setViewName("dashboard");
            }
        };
        return adapter;
    }

}

3.對應的controller(處理登錄過程中密碼校驗)

package Main.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import java.util.Map;

@Controller
public class LoginController {
    //去前端頁面獲取對應參數值
    @PostMapping(value = "/user/login")
    public String login(@RequestParam("username") String username,
                        @RequestParam("password") String password,
                        Map<String,Object> map, HttpSession session){
        if(!StringUtils.isEmpty(username) && "123456".equals(password)){
            session.setAttribute("loginUser",username);
//            return "dashboard";

            //登陸成功,防止表單重複提交,可以重定向到主頁
            return "redirect:/main.html";//我這裏直接dashboard.html會出現40錯,這樣就不會出錯
        }else{
            //登陸失敗
            //這個msg被傳回到前端,前端寫了個標籤,如果用戶密碼錯誤,提示相應信息
            map.put("msg","用戶名密碼錯誤");
            return  "login";
        }

    }
}

二、下面是基於原始restful-crud爲什麼要添加這些修改值的詳解(針對登錄及跳轉主頁)

1.登錄

1.配置“WebMvcConfigurerAdapter”函數
該函數讓用戶輸入“http://localhost:8080”直接跳轉到“login.html”

package Main.config;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.PathMatchConfigurer;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.ViewControllerRegistry;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurerAdapter;

@Configuration
public class mvcConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {
    @Override
    public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry){
        registry.addViewController("/ceshi").setViewName("hello");
        registry.addViewController("/ceshisuccess").setViewName("success");
        //前面是請求,http://localhost:8080/hello  因爲沒有hello.html 程序會去controller顯示返回值
        //       http://localhost:8080/ceshisuccess,controller也沒有對應的處理函數,它是直接去html,顯示信息

    }
    //上下兩種方法都可以直接不用再controller裏面寫getMapping了,這種方法直接去到templates下的html頁面
    @Bean   //將定義的東西放到容器中,這樣能被掃描到
    public WebMvcConfigurerAdapter WebMvcConfigurerAdapter(){
        WebMvcConfigurerAdapter adapter = new WebMvcConfigurerAdapter() {
            @Override   //這個可以用右鍵generate、Override 然後就找到對應的函數了
            public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
                registry.addViewController("/").setViewName("login");
                registry.addViewController("/index.html").setViewName("login");
                //這個是去主頁的重定向,只是登錄頁面不需要
                registry.addViewController("/main.html").setViewName("dashboard");
            }
        };
        return adapter;
    }
    
}

2.登錄後跳轉到主頁

2.1.在“login.html”添加跳轉到主頁的動作

原始login.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
	<head>
		<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
		<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no">
		<meta name="description" content="">
		<meta name="author" content="">
		<title>Signin Template for Bootstrap</title>
		<!-- Bootstrap core CSS -->
		<link href="asserts/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
		<!-- Custom styles for this template -->
		<link href="asserts/css/signin.css" rel="stylesheet">
	</head>

	<body class="text-center">

	<!--  action  這裏有跳轉到主頁的動作-->
		<form class="form-signin" action="dashboard.html">
			<img class="mb-4" src="asserts/img/bootstrap-solid.svg" alt="" width="72" height="72">
			<h1 class="h3 mb-3 font-weight-normal">Please sign in</h1>
			<label class="sr-only">Username</label>
			<input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Username" required="" autofocus="">
			<label class="sr-only">Password</label>
			<input type="password" class="form-control" placeholder="Password" required="">
			<div class="checkbox mb-3">
				<label>
          <input type="checkbox" value="remember-me"> Remember me
        </label>
			</div>
			<button class="btn btn-lg btn-primary btn-block" type="submit">Sign in</button>
			<p class="mt-5 mb-3 text-muted">© 2017-2018</p>
			<a class="btn btn-sm">中文</a>
			<a class="btn btn-sm">English</a>
		</form>

	</body>

</html>

因爲我們要通過登錄跳轉到主頁需要登錄密碼和賬號驗證,所以要寫個controller對登錄跳轉主頁進行設置

<form class="form-signin" action="dashboard.html" th:action="@{/user/login}" method="post">

2.2.對應的controller

package Main.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import java.util.Map;

@Controller
public class LoginController {
    //去前端頁面獲取對應參數值
    @PostMapping(value = "/user/login")
    public String login(@RequestParam("username") String username,
                        @RequestParam("password") String password,
                        Map<String,Object> map, HttpSession session){
        if(!StringUtils.isEmpty(username) && "123456".equals(password)){
            session.setAttribute("loginUser",username);
            return "dashboard";
        }else{
            //登陸失敗
            //這個msg被傳回到前端,前端寫了個標籤,如果用戶密碼錯誤,提示相應信息
            map.put("msg","用戶名密碼錯誤");
            return  "login";
        }

    }
}

2.3錯誤及排查

不幸的是頁面出現錯誤
在這裏插入圖片描述
40開頭的錯誤一般是客戶端的原因導致的,所以回去排查一下
原來是密碼和賬號名沒有設置參數名稱,這樣在controller中無對應參數,所以會報錯
在這裏插入圖片描述
在這裏插入圖片描述
添加對應的參數:
在這裏插入圖片描述
添加參數,還添加了一個報錯後提示密碼錯誤的框及動作跳轉到對應的controller

<!DOCTYPE html>
<!--&lt;!&ndash;<html lang="en">&ndash;&gt;    這個是默認的,後面加上對應的模板引擎-->
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
	<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
	<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no">
	<meta name="description" content="">
	<meta name="author" content="">
	<title>Signin Template for Bootstrap</title>
	<!-- Bootstrap core CSS -->
	<link href="asserts/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
	<!-- Custom styles for this template -->
	<link href="asserts/css/signin.css" rel="stylesheet">
</head>

<body class="text-center">
<form class="form-signin" action="dashboard.html" th:action="@{/user/login}" method="post">
	<img class="mb-4" src="asserts/img/bootstrap-solid.svg" alt="" width="72" height="72">
	<h1 class="h3 mb-3 font-weight-normal" th:text="#{login.tip}">Please sign in</h1>
	<!--加入p標籤,標籤的顏色設置爲紅色,標籤的內容由controller中msg獲得-->
	<!--使用if方法,同時變量表達式中的內置工具判斷msg是否爲空-->
	<p style="color: red" th:text="${msg}" th:if="${not #strings.isEmpty(msg)}"></p>
	<label class="sr-only">Username</label>
	<input type="text"  name = "username" class="form-control" placeholder="Username" th:placeholder="#{login.username}" autofocus="">
	<label class="sr-only" th:text="#{login.password}">Password</label>
	<input type="password" name = "password" class="form-control" placeholder="Password" th:placeholder="#{login.password}">

	<div class="checkbox mb-3">
		<label>
			<input type="checkbox" value="remember-me"> [[#{login.remember}]]
		</label>
	</div>
	<button class="btn btn-lg btn-primary btn-block" type="submit" th:text="#{login.btn}">Sign in</button>
	<p class="mt-5 mb-3 text-muted">© 2017-2018</p>
<!--	下面是根據點擊請求帶上對應的zh_CN字符放到連接中,後面就去鏈接中截取這個關鍵字,然後切換視圖-->
	<a class="btn btn-sm" th:href="@{/index.html(l='zh_CN')}">中文</a>
	<a class="btn btn-sm" th:href="@{/index.html(l='en_US')}">English</a>

</form>

</body>

</html>

重新運行程序
在這裏插入圖片描述
頁面不正常,且刷新會詢問是否重新提交表單
在這裏插入圖片描述
要頁面重定向解決

package Main.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import java.util.Map;

@Controller
public class LoginController {
    //去前端頁面獲取對應參數值
    @PostMapping(value = "/user/login")
    public String login(@RequestParam("username") String username,
                        @RequestParam("password") String password,
                        Map<String,Object> map, HttpSession session){
        if(!StringUtils.isEmpty(username) && "123456".equals(password)){
            session.setAttribute("loginUser",username);
//            return "dashboard";

            //登陸成功,防止表單重複提交,可以重定向到主頁
            return "redirect:/main.html";//我這裏直接dashboard.html會出現40錯,這樣就不會出錯
        }else{
            //登陸失敗
            //這個msg被傳回到前端,前端寫了個標籤,如果用戶密碼錯誤,提示相應信息
            map.put("msg","用戶名密碼錯誤");
            return  "login";
        }

    }
}

三、攔截器

攔截器即對用戶的請求進行攔截,防止直接跳過登錄進入對應內容頁。如直接輸入 http://localhost:8080/main.html
在這裏插入圖片描述
直接進入主頁,所以要加攔截器

1.新建一個攔截器實現類

在這裏插入圖片描述

package Main.config;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class LoginHandlerInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
    @Override
    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse
            response,Object handler) throws Exception{
        Object user = request.getSession().getAttribute("loginUser");
        if(user == null){
            //未登陸,返回登錄頁面
            request.setAttribute("msg","沒有登陸,請先登陸");
            request.getRequestDispatcher("/index.html").forward(request,response);
            return false;
        }else {
            //已登陸,放行請求
            return true;
        }
    }
    //下面三個方法是實現接口HandlerInterceptor必須要的方法
    @Override
    public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {

    }

    @Override
    public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o, Exception e) throws Exception {

    }
}

2.配置MVC

在這裏插入圖片描述

package Main.config;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.*;

@Configuration
public class mvcConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {
    @Override
    public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry){
        registry.addViewController("/ceshi").setViewName("hello");
        registry.addViewController("/ceshisuccess").setViewName("success");
        //前面是請求,http://localhost:8080/hello  因爲沒有hello.html 程序會去controller顯示返回值
        //       http://localhost:8080/ceshisuccess,controller也沒有對應的處理函數,它是直接去html,顯示信息

    }
    //上下兩種方法都可以直接不用再controller裏面寫getMapping了,這種方法直接去到templates下的html頁面
    @Bean   //將定義的東西放到容器中,這樣能被掃描到
    public WebMvcConfigurerAdapter WebMvcConfigurerAdapter(){
        WebMvcConfigurerAdapter adapter = new WebMvcConfigurerAdapter() {
            @Override   //這個可以用右鍵generate、Override 然後就找到對應的函數了
            public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
                registry.addViewController("/").setViewName("login");
                registry.addViewController("/index.html").setViewName("login");
                //這個是去主頁的重定向,只是登錄頁面不需要
                registry.addViewController("/main.html").setViewName("dashboard");
            }

            //註冊攔截器
            @Override
            public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
                //super.addInterceptors(registry);
                //靜態資源;  *.css , *.js
                //SpringBoot已經做好了靜態資源映射
                //下面的意思是攔截網頁下/*全部攔截,但除了"/index.html","/","/user/login"
                registry.addInterceptor(new LoginHandlerInterceptor()).addPathPatterns("/**")
                        .excludePathPatterns("/index.html","/","/user/login");
            }
        };

        return adapter;
    }

}

直接登錄主頁就會被攔截,讓先登錄
在這裏插入圖片描述

小技巧-開發模板引擎後要實時生效

在這裏插入圖片描述

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