Python+selenium環境搭建及簡單實例

一、安裝Python環境及IDE

1、詳情 查看如下文章：https://blog.csdn.net/Eayonz/article/details/106469500
（1）更新Python pip，以及展示selenium版本指令如下：
python -m pip install --upgrade pip
pip show selenium（我這邊的Firefox已經裝了ide插件，若使用指令pip show selenium不能展示版本號，請查看網上Python pip安裝selenium的方法步驟或者尋找其他方法）

二、下載瀏覽器驅動及環境配置

1、這裏以火狐瀏覽器驅動爲例，地址如下：
下載地址：https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/releases

（1）下載完成後解壓即可使用

2、將瀏覽器驅動放置Python目錄下的Scripts文件下內，具體路徑如下：
C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\Scripts（此處的Python是默認路徑安裝的）

（1）如有需要，請將webDriver驅動存放路徑，加入到path環境變量，webDriver 驅動應與瀏覽器版本相符。

三、創建項目寫入代碼並執行

（1）可以用selenium ide直接錄製腳本並導出腳本，將腳本導入到pycharm中（此處錄製的腳本適用於python的單元測試模塊unittest）。

import pytest
import time
import json
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
from selenium.webdriver.common.desired_capabilities import DesiredCapabilities

class TestTestss():
  def setup_method(self, method):
    self.driver = webdriver.Firefox()
    self.vars = {}

  def teardown_method(self, method):
    self.driver.quit()

  def test_testss(self):
    self.driver.get("http://xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx")
    self.driver.set_window_size(1889, 980)
    self.driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "#account .ivu-input").click()
    self.driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, ".ivu-input:nth-child(3)").send_keys("cc")
    self.driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, ".ivu-input:nth-child(2)").click()
    self.driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "#psw .ivu-input").send_keys("123456")
    self.driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, ".ivu-btn").click()
    element = self.driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, ".ivu-btn")
    actions = ActionChains(self.driver)
    actions.move_to_element(element).perform()
    element = self.driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "body")
    actions = ActionChains(self.driver)
    actions.move_to_element(element, 0, 0).perform()
    self.driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, ".center:nth-child(9) > .title > div:nth-child(1)").click()
    self.driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, ".el-table__fixed-body-wrapper .el-table__row:nth-child(1) .el-button:nth-child(1) > span").click()
    self.driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "textarea").click()
    self.driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "textarea").send_keys("111111")
    self.driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, ".button").click()

（2）以下代碼適用於簡單的python file，操作如下：登錄網站，輸入賬號密碼，選擇反饋管理按鈕，選擇回覆，輸入信息併發送給反饋的人。循環4次。

import pytest
import time
import json

from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
from selenium.webdriver.common.desired_capabilities import DesiredCapabilities


from selenium import webdriver  # 引入包

i = 1
while i < 5:
    driver = webdriver.Firefox()  # 實例化瀏覽器

    driver.get("http://xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx")  # 打開網頁
    driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "#account .ivu-input").click()
    driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "#account .ivu-input").send_keys("cc")
    driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, ".ivu-input:nth-child(2)").click()
    driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "#psw .ivu-input").send_keys("123456")
    driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, ".ivu-btn").click()# 點擊登錄按鈕
	time.sleep(2)#強制停留2s
	driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, ".center:nth-child(9) > .title > div:nth-child(1)").click()
    time.sleep(2)#強制停留2s
    driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR,
                    ".el-table__fixed-body-wrapper .el-table__row:nth-child(1) .el-button:nth-child(1) > span").click()
    driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "textarea").click()
    driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "textarea").send_keys("我在測試循環第%d次"%i)
    driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, ".button").click()
    
	driver.save_screenshot('D:/a.png')#截圖存放至D盤
	
    driver.quit()  # 關閉瀏覽器
    
    i += 1

（3）一些元素定位的api：

id定位 driver.find_element_by_id("xx")
name定位 driver.find_element_by_name("xx")
class定位 driver.find_element_by_class_name("xx")
tag定位 driver.find_element_by_tag_name("xx")
link定位 driver.find_element_by_link_text("xx").click()

（4）截屏操作

driver.save_screenshot('D:/a.png')#截圖存放至D盤