Python+selenium环境搭建及简单实例

一、安装Python环境及IDE

1、详情 查看如下文章：https://blog.csdn.net/Eayonz/article/details/106469500
（1）更新Python pip，以及展示selenium版本指令如下：
python -m pip install --upgrade pip
pip show selenium（我这边的Firefox已经装了ide插件，若使用指令pip show selenium不能展示版本号，请查看网上Python pip安装selenium的方法步骤或者寻找其他方法）

二、下载浏览器驱动及环境配置

1、这里以火狐浏览器驱动为例，地址如下：
下载地址：https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/releases

（1）下载完成后解压即可使用

2、将浏览器驱动放置Python目录下的Scripts文件下内，具体路径如下：
C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\Scripts（此处的Python是默认路径安装的）

（1）如有需要，请将webDriver驱动存放路径，加入到path环境变量，webDriver 驱动应与浏览器版本相符。

三、创建项目写入代码并执行

（1）可以用selenium ide直接录制脚本并导出脚本，将脚本导入到pycharm中（此处录制的脚本适用于python的单元测试模块unittest）。

import pytest
import time
import json
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
from selenium.webdriver.common.desired_capabilities import DesiredCapabilities

class TestTestss():
  def setup_method(self, method):
    self.driver = webdriver.Firefox()
    self.vars = {}

  def teardown_method(self, method):
    self.driver.quit()

  def test_testss(self):
    self.driver.get("http://xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx")
    self.driver.set_window_size(1889, 980)
    self.driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "#account .ivu-input").click()
    self.driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, ".ivu-input:nth-child(3)").send_keys("cc")
    self.driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, ".ivu-input:nth-child(2)").click()
    self.driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "#psw .ivu-input").send_keys("123456")
    self.driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, ".ivu-btn").click()
    element = self.driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, ".ivu-btn")
    actions = ActionChains(self.driver)
    actions.move_to_element(element).perform()
    element = self.driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "body")
    actions = ActionChains(self.driver)
    actions.move_to_element(element, 0, 0).perform()
    self.driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, ".center:nth-child(9) > .title > div:nth-child(1)").click()
    self.driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, ".el-table__fixed-body-wrapper .el-table__row:nth-child(1) .el-button:nth-child(1) > span").click()
    self.driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "textarea").click()
    self.driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "textarea").send_keys("111111")
    self.driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, ".button").click()

（2）以下代码适用于简单的python file，操作如下：登录网站，输入账号密码，选择反馈管理按钮，选择回复，输入信息并发送给反馈的人。循环4次。

import pytest
import time
import json

from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
from selenium.webdriver.common.desired_capabilities import DesiredCapabilities


from selenium import webdriver  # 引入包

i = 1
while i < 5:
    driver = webdriver.Firefox()  # 实例化浏览器

    driver.get("http://xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx")  # 打开网页
    driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "#account .ivu-input").click()
    driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "#account .ivu-input").send_keys("cc")
    driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, ".ivu-input:nth-child(2)").click()
    driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "#psw .ivu-input").send_keys("123456")
    driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, ".ivu-btn").click()# 点击登录按钮
	time.sleep(2)#强制停留2s
	driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, ".center:nth-child(9) > .title > div:nth-child(1)").click()
    time.sleep(2)#强制停留2s
    driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR,
                    ".el-table__fixed-body-wrapper .el-table__row:nth-child(1) .el-button:nth-child(1) > span").click()
    driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "textarea").click()
    driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "textarea").send_keys("我在测试循环第%d次"%i)
    driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, ".button").click()
    
	driver.save_screenshot('D:/a.png')#截图存放至D盘
	
    driver.quit()  # 关闭浏览器
    
    i += 1

（3）一些元素定位的api：

id定位 driver.find_element_by_id("xx")
name定位 driver.find_element_by_name("xx")
class定位 driver.find_element_by_class_name("xx")
tag定位 driver.find_element_by_tag_name("xx")
link定位 driver.find_element_by_link_text("xx").click()

（4）截屏操作

driver.save_screenshot('D:/a.png')#截图存放至D盘