ArcEngine + DevPress GIS二次開發：湖北疫情交互式數據分析、地圖輸出、專題可視化系統具體實現

代碼github地址：

https://github.com/yunwei37/COVID-19-ArcEngine

實現效果

具體實現效果可參照我的前一篇文章：
https://blog.csdn.net/qq_42779423/article/details/106885322

程序具體實現

數據存儲與操作方式：

將湖北市域圖形數據存儲在shp文件中，通過加載shp按鈕進行載入；
選擇網易的疫情實時動態播報平臺作爲數據源，其地址如下：

https://wp.m.163.com/163/page/news/virus_report/index.html?nw=1&anw=1

通過爬蟲請求獲取數據（從1.1日至5.31日），經過數據清洗後保存爲csv文件；
在具有公網ip地址的 windows server 上搭建mysql數據庫，將確診人數數據存入數據庫中，連接數據庫獲取確診數據信息；可以便於後續在服務器上繼續更新數據；

創建了DAO層，將數據庫的增刪改查等操作封裝在工具類中，和具體程序業務邏輯分隔開來，其中包含了三個類：

SqlHelper：創建數據庫連接、執行數據庫命令、創建MySqlDataReader對象：

其中定義的接口：

public MySqlConnection getMySqlCon();
public int getMySqlCom(string M_str_sqlstr, params MySqlParameter[] parameters);
public DataTable getMySqlRead(string M_str_sqlstr, params MySqlParameter[] parameters);

sqlDataFormat：進行數據格式的修改：

其中定義的接口：
```
public static string dataFormat(string str);
```

OperateDatabase：定義了數據庫增加、刪除、修改、查找的接口；

其中定義的接口：

public static int Insert(string TableName,ArrayList arr);
public static DataTable select(string TableName, ArrayList arr);
public static int Update(string TableName, ArrayList arr,ArrayList arr_where);
public static int Delete(string TableName, ArrayList arr_where);

程序模塊設計與文件組織：

程序可以分爲以下幾個模塊：

輔助類：

包含和數據庫操作相關的DAO層、圖例附加屬性定義和日誌模塊；除了上述描述的數據操作類以外，還有：
- EnumMapSurroundType：圖例附加屬性定義類
- Log: 日誌模塊類
地圖操作相關：

主要包含地圖操作（平移、縮放），地圖渲染，以及地圖導出等功能；
- Form1：地圖展示和操作相關的實現；
- GisClass：包含了打開MXD文件、shp文件，以及地圖渲染的一些輔助函數；
屬性操作相關

包含在地圖上進行空間查詢屬性、在屬性表中進行屬性編輯等；
- Form1：屬性表編輯和展示等操作
- SeletionForm：進行屬性查詢
- AddForm：添加數據
疫情數據統計模塊：

包含對疫情的統計圖表生成操作；
- StaticsForm類

從界面美觀的角度考慮，我們採用了DevExpress進行開發；DevExpress是一個比較有名的界面控件套件，提供了一系列的界面控件套件的DotNet界面控件。

窗口：

主窗體類爲Form1.cs；
進行屬性查詢選擇窗體類爲SeletionForm.cs
統計圖表類爲StaticsForm.cs
添加數據類爲AddForm.cs

主要功能實現流程與方法

地圖展示和常規地圖操作：

採用ArcEngine的mapControl控件進行地圖展示：
採用ArcEngine的ToolbarControl控件完成常規的地圖操作，如放大、縮小、平移、全圖；
加載shp/mxd文件：

打開mxd文件：

  private void openMxd_ItemClick(object sender, DevExpress.XtraBars.ItemClickEventArgs e)
     {
         String MxdPath=GisClass.OpenMxd();
         axMapControl1.LoadMxFile(MxdPath);
     }

 public static string OpenMxd()
     {
         string MxdPath = "";
         OpenFileDialog OpenMXD = new OpenFileDialog();
         OpenMXD.Title = "打開地圖";
         OpenMXD.InitialDirectory = "E:";

         OpenMXD.Filter = "Map Documents (*.mxd)|*.mxd";
         if (OpenMXD.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK)
         {
             MxdPath = OpenMXD.FileName;
         }
         return MxdPath;
     }

打開shp文件：

public static string[] OpenShapeFile()
    {
        string[] ShpFile = new string[2];
        OpenFileDialog OpenShpFile = new OpenFileDialog();
        OpenShpFile.Title = "打開Shape文件";
        OpenShpFile.InitialDirectory = "E:";
        OpenShpFile.Filter = "Shape文件(*.shp)|*.shp";

        if (OpenShpFile.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK)
        {
            string ShapPath = OpenShpFile.FileName;
            //利用"\\"將文件路徑分成兩部分
            int Position = ShapPath.LastIndexOf("\\");

            string FilePath = ShapPath.Substring(0, Position);
            string ShpName = ShapPath.Substring(Position + 1);
            ShpFile[0] = FilePath;

            ShpFile[1] = ShpName;

        }
        else
        {
            return null;
        }
        return ShpFile;
    }

每日疫情分佈顯示：

通過打開shp文件按鈕加載市域.shp，再遍歷圖層獲取湖北市域空間數據；如未加載，系統會報錯如下：

    //遍歷，尋找市域圖層
        for (int i = 0; i < this.axMapControl1.Map.LayerCount; i++) {
            ILayer layer1 = this.axMapControl1.Map.get_Layer(i);
            if (layer1.Name == "市域")
            {
                layer = layer1 as IFeatureLayer;
                break;
            }
        }
        if (layer == null) {
            MessageBox.Show("請打開市域圖層");
            return;
        }

點擊每日疫情按鈕，首先獲取圖層的相應字段，然後根據選擇的日期在數據庫中進行查詢，獲取疫情數據；

//獲取圖層字段，沒有則添加一個num字段
        IFeatureClass featureClass = layer.FeatureClass;
        int isExist=featureClass.FindField("num");
        if (isExist == -1) { 
            //添加一個字段
            IFields pFields = featureClass.Fields;
            IFieldsEdit pFieldsEdit = pFields as IFieldsEdit;
            IField fld = new FieldClass();
            IFieldEdit2 fldE = fld as IFieldEdit2;
            fldE.Name_2 = "num";
            fldE.AliasName_2 = "數量";
            fldE.Type_2 = esriFieldType.esriFieldTypeSingle;
            featureClass.AddField(fld);
        }
        //給字段賦值
        IFeatureCursor pFtCursor = featureClass.Search(null, false);
        IFeature pFt = pFtCursor.NextFeature();
        int index1 = pFt.Fields.FindField("num");
        IDataset dataset = (IDataset)featureClass;
        IWorkspace workspace = dataset.Workspace;
        IWorkspaceEdit workspaceEdit = (IWorkspaceEdit)workspace;
        workspaceEdit.StartEditing(true);
        workspaceEdit.StartEditOperation();
        while (pFt != null) {
            int index = pFt.Fields.FindField("code");
            String code = pFt.get_Value(index).ToString();

            DataRow[] drs=dt.Select("CODE=" + code);
            DataTable dtNew = dt.Clone();
            for (int i = 0; i < drs.Length; i++)
            {
                dtNew.ImportRow(drs[i]);

            }
            String num = dtNew.Rows[0]["AllConfiemed"].ToString();
            if (num == "") {
                num = "0";
            }

            pFt.set_Value(index1,  Convert.ToInt32(num));
            pFt.Store();
            pFt = pFtCursor.NextFeature();
        }

根據獲取的數據對圖層進行渲染

GisClass.ClassRender(this.axMapControl1.ActiveView, layer, 6, "num");

空間查詢操作：

通過點擊圖形按鈕，繪製多邊形、圓、矩形等；

如繪製多邊形：先設置繪製類型爲多邊形，再創建一個多邊形元素，設置相應屬性，在pGraphicsContainer中添加該多邊形；然後鼠標點擊時追蹤多邊形，並局部刷新map

    private void drawPolygon_ItemClick(object sender, DevExpress.XtraBars.ItemClickEventArgs e)
    {
        this.type = 1;
        IPolygonElement polygonElement = new PolygonElementClass();
        pElement = polygonElement as IElement;
        ISimpleFillSymbol simpleFill = new SimpleFillSymbolClass();
        simpleFill.Style = esriSimpleFillStyle.esriSFSNull;
        simpleFill.Color = GisClass.GetRgbColor(255,0,0);
        //設置邊線顏色
        ILineSymbol lineSymbol = new SimpleLineSymbol();
        lineSymbol.Color = GisClass.GetRgbColor(255, 0, 0);
        IFillShapeElement shapeEle = pElement as IFillShapeElement;

        simpleFill.Outline = lineSymbol;
        shapeEle.Symbol = simpleFill;
        pGraphicsContainer.AddElement(pElement, 0);
    
      
    }
    private void axMapControl1_OnMouseDown(object sender, IMapControlEvents2_OnMouseDownEvent e{
    .......
            if (this.type == 1)
            {

                IGeometry Polygon = axMapControl1.TrackPolygon();
                pElement.Geometry = Polygon;
                axMapControl1.ActiveView.PartialRefresh(esriViewDrawPhase.esriViewBackground, null, null);
            }
    ......
    }

通過點擊查詢，對所選範圍執行空間查詢操作，對地圖上查詢到的部分進行高亮顯示；

private void query_btn_ItemClick(object sender, DevExpress.XtraBars.ItemClickEventArgs e)
    {
        ArrayList arr = new ArrayList();
        DataTable dt = OperateDatabase.select("data", arr);
        this.gridControl1.DataSource = dt;
        this.tabControl2.SelectedIndex = 1;
    }

點擊進行屬性查詢，打開屬性表；

    private void shapeQuery_ItemClick(object sender, DevExpress.XtraBars.ItemClickEventArgs e)
    {
        axMapControl1.Map.ClearSelection();
        IGraphicsContainer graphicsContainer = axMapControl1.Map as IGraphicsContainer;
        graphicsContainer.Reset();
        IElement element = graphicsContainer.Next();
        //獲取圖形幾何信息
        if (element == null) {
            MessageBox.Show("請在工具欄選擇繪製矩形，多邊形，或者圓");
            return;
        }
        IGeometry geometry = element.Geometry;
        axMapControl1.Map.SelectByShape(geometry,null,false);
        //進行部分刷新顯示最新要素
        axMapControl1.ActiveView.PartialRefresh(esriViewDrawPhase.esriViewGeoSelection,null,axMapControl1.ActiveView.Extent);
    }

屬性數據編輯：

在屬性數據的頁面中，可以點擊查詢、增加、刪除等按鈕進行屬性數據的編輯；

修改單元格內容：

        //獲取修改的單元格
        string CellValue = this.gridView1.GetFocusedValue().ToString();
        //獲取單元格的列名
        string ColumnName = this.gridView1.FocusedColumn.FieldName;
        //獲取所在列的id
        DataRow dr = this.gridView1.GetDataRow(e.RowHandle);
        string id = dr["id"].ToString();
        //修改
        ArrayList arr = new ArrayList();
        if (ColumnName == "name" || ColumnName == "YMD")
        {
            arr.Add(ColumnName + ":'" + CellValue + "'");
        }
        else
        {
            arr.Add(ColumnName + ":" + CellValue);               
        }
        ArrayList arr_where = new ArrayList();
        arr_where.Add("id:" + id);
        int result = OperateDatabase.Update("data", arr, arr_where);
        if (result == 0)
        {
            MessageBox.Show("該值修改失敗");
        }

添加數據：

private void add_btn_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        ArrayList arr = new ArrayList();
        arr.Add("code:"+this.textBox_code.Text);
        arr.Add("name:'" + this.textBox_name.Text+"'");
        arr.Add("YMD:'" + this.date_edit.Text+"'");
        arr.Add("AllConfiemed:" + this.spinEdit_AllConfiemed.Text);
        arr.Add("CurConfirmeed:" + this.spinEdit_CurConfirmeed.Text);
        arr.Add("Cured:" + this.spinEdit_Cured.Text);
        arr.Add("Death:" + this.spinEdit_Death.Text);
        int result = OperateDatabase.Insert("data",arr);
        if (result == 1)
        {
            MessageBox.Show("添加成功");
            return;
        }else {
            MessageBox.Show("添加失敗");
            return;
        }
    }

屬性查詢結果：

在屬性查詢結果中是以樹的方式展示不同圖層的查詢結果：

    private void treeView1_NodeMouseClick(object sender, TreeNodeMouseClickEventArgs e)
    {
        this.gridView1.Columns.Clear();
        currentLayer = e.Node.Tag as IFeatureLayer;
        if (currentLayer == null) {
            return;
        }
        IFeatureSelection featureSelection = currentLayer as IFeatureSelection;
        //獲取選中得要素幾何
        ISelectionSet selectionSet = featureSelection.SelectionSet;
        //獲取字段
        IFields fields = currentLayer.FeatureClass.Fields;
        DataTable dt = new DataTable();
        for (int i = 0; i < fields.FieldCount; i++) {
            dt.Columns.Add(fields.get_Field(i).Name);
        }
        //獲取整個數據集
        ICursor cursor;
        selectionSet.Search(null,false,out cursor);
        //獲取每個要素
        IFeatureCursor featureCursor = cursor as IFeatureCursor;
        //遍歷
        IFeature feature = featureCursor.NextFeature();
        String[] strs;
        while (feature != null) {
            strs = new String[fields.FieldCount];
            for (int i = 0; i < fields.FieldCount; i++) {
                strs[i] = feature.get_Value(i).ToString();
            }
            dt.Rows.Add(strs);
            feature = featureCursor.NextFeature();
        }
        this.gridControl1.DataSource = dt;
       
    }

疫情統計：

在主頁面上點擊疫情統計，可顯示查詢窗口，其中可完成對於疫情統計圖表的生成和查看；

private void statics_btn_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        //查詢起始日期的數字
        if (this.dateEdit_start.Text == "" || this.dateEdit_target.Text == "") {
            MessageBox.Show("請填寫起止日期");
            return;
        }
        ArrayList arr1 = new ArrayList();
        arr1.Add("YMD:'" + this.dateEdit_start.Text + "'");
        DataTable dt1 = OperateDatabase.select("data",arr1);
        ArrayList arr2 = new ArrayList();
        arr1.Add("YMD:'" + this.dateEdit_target.Text + "'");
        DataTable dt2 = OperateDatabase.select("data", arr1);
        Series s1 = this.chartControl1.Series[0];
        s1.DataSource = dt1;
        s1.ArgumentDataMember = "name";
        s1.ValueDataMembers[0] = "CurConfirmeed";
    }

軌跡分析：

通過日期框進行日期區間的選擇；
軌跡數據已存放在數據庫中，通過sql查詢載入軌跡數據：
進行軌跡查詢：
繪製軌跡：

    if (this.start_time.EditValue == "" || this.end_time.EditValue == "") {
            MessageBox.Show("請選擇起止日期");
            return;
        }
        SqlHelper help = new SqlHelper();
        String sql = "select * from route where tm between '" + this.start_time.EditValue + "' and '" + this.end_time.EditValue+"'";
        DataTable dt = help.getMySqlRead(sql);
        ISimpleMarkerSymbol simpleMarkerSymbol = new SimpleMarkerSymbol();
        simpleMarkerSymbol.Style = esriSimpleMarkerStyle.esriSMSCircle;
        IColor color = GisClass.GetRgbColor(0,255,0);
        simpleMarkerSymbol.Color = color;
        ILineElement lineElement = new LineElementClass();
        IElement ele1 = lineElement as IElement;
        ISegment pSegment;
        ILine pLine=null;
        object o = Type.Missing;
        ISegmentCollection pPath = new PathClass();
        for (int i = 0; i < dt.Rows.Count; i++) {

            IMarkerElement markerEle = new MarkerElementClass();
            IElement ele=markerEle as IElement;
            IPoint point = new PointClass();
            markerEle.Symbol = simpleMarkerSymbol;
            point.PutCoords(Double.Parse(dt.Rows[i]["x"].ToString()),Double.Parse(dt.Rows[i]["y"].ToString()));
            ele.Geometry = point;
            pGraphicsContainer.AddElement(ele,0);
            //逐段添加線
            if (i > 0 && i < dt.Rows.Count) {
                IPoint point1 = new PointClass();
                point1.PutCoords(Double.Parse(dt.Rows[i-1]["x"].ToString()), Double.Parse(dt.Rows[i-1]["y"].ToString()));
                pLine = new LineClass();
                pLine.PutCoords(point1, point);
                pSegment = pLine as ISegment;
                pPath.AddSegment(pSegment, ref o, ref o);
            }
          
           
            axMapControl1.ActiveView.PartialRefresh(esriViewDrawPhase.esriViewBackground, null, null);
        }
        IGeometryCollection pPolyline = new PolylineClass();
        pPolyline.AddGeometry(pPath as IGeometry, ref o, ref o);
        IPolyline polyline = pPolyline as IPolyline;
        //獲取範圍
        IEnvelope ev = polyline.Envelope;
        this.axMapControl1.ActiveView.Extent = ev;
        ele1.Geometry = pPolyline as IPolyline;
        pGraphicsContainer.AddElement(ele1, 0);

每日疫情圖輸出：

添加圖例：可爲地圖添加指北針、比例尺等；

添加指北針：

void addNorthArrow(IPageLayout pPageLayout, IEnvelope pEnv, IActiveView pActiveView)
    {
        if (pPageLayout == null || pActiveView == null)
        {
            return;
        }
     

        ESRI.ArcGIS.esriSystem.IUID uid = new ESRI.ArcGIS.esriSystem.UIDClass();
        uid.Value = "esriCarto.MarkerNorthArrow";

        ESRI.ArcGIS.Carto.IGraphicsContainer graphicsContainer = pPageLayout as ESRI.ArcGIS.Carto.IGraphicsContainer; 
        ESRI.ArcGIS.Carto.IActiveView activeView = pPageLayout as ESRI.ArcGIS.Carto.IActiveView; 
        ESRI.ArcGIS.Carto.IFrameElement frameElement = graphicsContainer.FindFrame(pActiveView.FocusMap);
        ESRI.ArcGIS.Carto.IMapFrame mapFrame = frameElement as ESRI.ArcGIS.Carto.IMapFrame; // Dynamic Cast
        ESRI.ArcGIS.Carto.IMapSurroundFrame mapSurroundFrame = mapFrame.CreateSurroundFrame(uid as ESRI.ArcGIS.esriSystem.UID, null); // Dynamic Cast
        ESRI.ArcGIS.Carto.IElement element = mapSurroundFrame as ESRI.ArcGIS.Carto.IElement; // Dynamic Cast
        element.Geometry = pEnv;
        element.Activate(activeView.ScreenDisplay);
        graphicsContainer.AddElement(element, 0);
        ESRI.ArcGIS.Carto.IMapSurround mapSurround = mapSurroundFrame.MapSurround;

        // Change out the default north arrow
        ESRI.ArcGIS.Carto.IMarkerNorthArrow markerNorthArrow = mapSurround as ESRI.ArcGIS.Carto.IMarkerNorthArrow; // Dynamic Cast
        ESRI.ArcGIS.Display.IMarkerSymbol markerSymbol = markerNorthArrow.MarkerSymbol;
        ESRI.ArcGIS.Display.ICharacterMarkerSymbol characterMarkerSymbol = markerSymbol as ESRI.ArcGIS.Display.ICharacterMarkerSymbol; // Dynamic Cast
        characterMarkerSymbol.CharacterIndex = 200; // change the symbol for the North Arrow
        markerNorthArrow.MarkerSymbol = characterMarkerSymbol;
    }

添加比例尺：

public void makeScaleBar(IActiveView pActiveView, IPageLayout pPageLayout, IEnvelope pEnv)
    {
        IGraphicsContainer container = pPageLayout as IGraphicsContainer;
        // 獲得MapFrame  
        IFrameElement frameElement = container.FindFrame(pActiveView.FocusMap);
        IMapFrame mapFrame = frameElement as IMapFrame;
        //根據MapSurround的uid，創建相應的MapSurroundFrame和MapSurround  
        UID uid = new UIDClass();
        uid.Value = "esriCarto.AlternatingScaleBar";
        IMapSurroundFrame mapSurroundFrame = mapFrame.CreateSurroundFrame(uid, null);
        //設置MapSurroundFrame中比例尺的樣式  
        IMapSurround mapSurround = mapSurroundFrame.MapSurround;
        IScaleBar markerScaleBar = ((IScaleBar)mapSurround);
        markerScaleBar.LabelPosition = esriVertPosEnum.esriBelow;
        markerScaleBar.UseMapSettings();
        //QI，確定mapSurroundFrame的位置  
        IElement element = mapSurroundFrame as IElement;

        element.Geometry = pEnv;
        //使用IGraphicsContainer接口添加顯示  
        container.AddElement(element, 0);
        pActiveView.Refresh();  
    }
    #endregion

點擊輸出按鈕，可將疫情圖輸出爲多種格式：

如導出爲圖片：

private void ExportMapToImage()
    {
        try
        {
            SaveFileDialog pSaveDialog = new SaveFileDialog();
            pSaveDialog.FileName = "";
            pSaveDialog.Filter = "JPG圖片(*.JPG)|*.jpg|tif圖片(*.tif)|*.tif|PDF文檔(*.PDF)|*.pdf";
            if (pSaveDialog.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK)
            {
                double iScreenDispalyResolution =this.axPageLayoutControl1.ActiveView.ScreenDisplay.DisplayTransformation.Resolution;// 獲取屏幕分辨率的值
                IExporter pExporter = null;
                if (pSaveDialog.FilterIndex == 1)
                {
                    pExporter = new JpegExporterClass();
                }
                else if (pSaveDialog.FilterIndex == 2)
                {
                    pExporter = new TiffExporterClass();
                }
                else if (pSaveDialog.FilterIndex == 3)
                {
                    pExporter = new PDFExporterClass();
                }
                pExporter.ExportFileName = pSaveDialog.FileName;
                pExporter.Resolution = (short)iScreenDispalyResolution; //分辨率
                tagRECT deviceRect = this.axPageLayoutControl1.ActiveView.ScreenDisplay.DisplayTransformation.get_DeviceFrame();
                IEnvelope pDeviceEnvelope = new EnvelopeClass();
                pDeviceEnvelope.PutCoords(deviceRect.left, deviceRect.bottom, deviceRect.right, deviceRect.top);
                pExporter.PixelBounds = pDeviceEnvelope; // 輸出圖片的範圍
                ITrackCancel pCancle = new CancelTrackerClass();//可用ESC鍵取消操作
                this.axPageLayoutControl1.ActiveView.Output(pExporter.StartExporting(), pExporter.Resolution, ref deviceRect, this.axPageLayoutControl1.ActiveView.Extent, pCancle);
                Application.DoEvents();
                pExporter.FinishExporting();
            }

        }
        catch (Exception Err)
        {
            MessageBox.Show(Err.Message, "輸出圖片", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Information);
        }
    }

除了導出爲圖片之外，支持多種其他格式，如pdf、jpg等

ArcEngine + DevPress GIS二次開發：湖北疫情交互式數據分析、地圖輸出、專題可視化系統具體實現

實現效果

程序具體實現

數據存儲與操作方式：

程序模塊設計與文件組織：

主要功能實現流程與方法

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