下載官網的最新Linux內核版本，Linux虛擬機中Ubuntu 下載速度慢，更換鏡像源後使下載速度正常。這是一個.tar.xz文件，我們要先來解壓它。下面是下載內核解壓文件編譯內核配置內核的全過程。由於我們並沒有正確的寫好相關配置文件，我們的內核編譯是失敗的。
First,we would like to download the latest Linux kernel from Linux website .It seems that we could choose some old versions with smaller size but we prefer to using the latest one firstly.
xz -d linux-5.7.tar.xz
tar -xvf linux-5.7.tar
After decompressing the file, we would like to explore it.
cd linux-5.7/
ls
Here we have met a problem after entering make menuconfig in the terminal .We can not open the Linux kernel configuration window.
(base) warmtree@warmtree-HP-Pavilion-Laptop-15-cc5xx:~/下載/linux-5.7$ make menuconfig
HOSTCC scripts/basic/fixdep
UPD scripts/kconfig/mconf-cfg
HOSTCC scripts/kconfig/mconf.o
HOSTCC scripts/kconfig/lxdialog/checklist.o
HOSTCC scripts/kconfig/lxdialog/inputbox.o
HOSTCC scripts/kconfig/lxdialog/menubox.o
HOSTCC scripts/kconfig/lxdialog/textbox.o
HOSTCC scripts/kconfig/lxdialog/util.o
HOSTCC scripts/kconfig/lxdialog/yesno.o
HOSTCC scripts/kconfig/confdata.o
HOSTCC scripts/kconfig/expr.o
LEX scripts/kconfig/lexer.lex.c
/bin/sh: 1: flex: not found
scripts/Makefile.host:9: recipe for target 'scripts/kconfig/lexer.lex.c' failed
make[1]: *** [scripts/kconfig/lexer.lex.c] Error 127
Makefile:588: recipe for target 'menuconfig' failed
make: *** [menuconfig] Error 2
We should compile successfully before configuring.
We have met several menu before and we are worried that we might change something important so we have not modified them.
先把問題放在這裏，我們的內核配置選項特別多，我們先來學習相關內容然後再回頭解決編譯出錯的問題。在學習之前，我們可以探索一下相應的內容。
(base) warmtree@warmtree-HP-Pavilion-Laptop-15-cc5xx:~/下載/linux-5.7$ ls
arch CREDITS fs Kbuild LICENSES net security virt
block crypto include Kconfig MAINTAINERS README sound
certs Documentation init kernel Makefile samples tools
COPYING drivers ipc lib mm scripts usr
(base) warmtree@warmtree-HP-Pavilion-Laptop-15-cc5xx:~/下載/linux-5.7$ cd boot
bash: cd: boot: 沒有那個文件或目錄
(base) warmtree@warmtree-HP-Pavilion-Laptop-15-cc5xx:~/下載/linux-5.7$ cd tools
(base) warmtree@warmtree-HP-Pavilion-Laptop-15-cc5xx:~/下載/linux-5.7/tools$ ls
accounting cgroup gpio kvm memory-model perf thermal wmi
arch debugging hv laptop nfsd power time
bootconfig edid iio leds objtool scripts usb
bpf firewire include lib pci spi virtio
build firmware io_uring Makefile pcmcia testing vm
(base) warmtree@warmtree-HP-Pavilion-Laptop-15-cc5xx:~/下載/linux-5.7/tools$ cd ..
(base) warmtree@warmtree-HP-Pavilion-Laptop-15-cc5xx:~/下載/linux-5.7$ cd arch
(base) warmtree@warmtree-HP-Pavilion-Laptop-15-cc5xx:~/下載/linux-5.7/arch$ ls
alpha arm64 h8300 Kconfig mips openrisc riscv sparc x86
arc c6x hexagon m68k nds32 parisc s390 um xtensa
arm csky ia64 microblaze nios2 powerpc sh unicore32
(base) warmtree@warmtree-HP-Pavilion-Laptop-15-cc5xx:~/下載/linux-5.7/arch$ cd bootconfig
bash: cd: bootconfig: 沒有那個文件或目錄
(base) warmtree@warmtree-HP-Pavilion-Laptop-15-cc5xx:~/下載/linux-5.7/arch$ cd ..
(base) warmtree@warmtree-HP-Pavilion-Laptop-15-cc5xx:~/下載/linux-5.7$ cd arch
(base) warmtree@warmtree-HP-Pavilion-Laptop-15-cc5xx:~/下載/linux-5.7/arch$ ls
alpha arm64 h8300 Kconfig mips openrisc riscv sparc x86
arc c6x hexagon m68k nds32 parisc s390 um xtensa
arm csky ia64 microblaze nios2 powerpc sh unicore32
(base) warmtree@warmtree-HP-Pavilion-Laptop-15-cc5xx:~/下載/linux-5.7/arch$ cd ..
(base) warmtree@warmtree-HP-Pavilion-Laptop-15-cc5xx:~/下載/linux-5.7$ ls
arch CREDITS fs Kbuild LICENSES net security virt
block crypto include Kconfig MAINTAINERS README sound
certs Documentation init kernel Makefile samples tools
COPYING drivers ipc lib mm scripts usr
(base) warmtree@warmtree-HP-Pavilion-Laptop-15-cc5xx:~/下載/linux-5.7$ cd drivers
(base) warmtree@warmtree-HP-Pavilion-Laptop-15-cc5xx:~/下載/linux-5.7/drivers$ ls
accessibility dio iio mtd ps3 tc
acpi dma infiniband mux ptp tee
amba dma-buf input net pwm thermal
android edac interconnect nfc rapidio thunderbolt
ata eisa iommu ntb ras tty
atm extcon ipack nubus regulator uio
auxdisplay firewire irqchip nvdimm remoteproc usb
base firmware isdn nvme reset vdpa
bcma fpga Kconfig nvmem rpmsg vfio
block fsi leds of rtc vhost
bluetooth gnss lightnvm opp s390 video
bus gpio macintosh oprofile sbus virt
cdrom gpu mailbox parisc scsi virtio
char greybus Makefile parport sfi visorbus
clk hid mcb pci sh vlynq
clocksource hsi md pcmcia siox vme
connector hv media perf slimbus w1
counter hwmon memory phy soc watchdog
cpufreq hwspinlock memstick pinctrl soundwire xen
cpuidle hwtracing message platform spi zorro
crypto i2c mfd pnp spmi
dax i3c misc power ssb
dca ide mmc powercap staging
devfreq idle most pps target
(base) warmtree@warmtree-HP-Pavilion-Laptop-15-cc5xx:~/下載/linux-5.7/drivers$ cd ..
(base) warmtree@warmtree-HP-Pavilion-Laptop-15-cc5xx:~/下載/linux-5.7$ cd fs
(base) warmtree@warmtree-HP-Pavilion-Laptop-15-cc5xx:~/下載/linux-5.7/fs$ ls
9p d_path.c iomap posix_acl.c
adfs drop_caches.c io_uring.c proc
affs ecryptfs io-wq.c proc_namespace.c
afs efivarfs io-wq.h pstore
aio.c efs isofs qnx4
anon_inodes.c erofs jbd2 qnx6
attr.c eventfd.c jffs2 quota
autofs eventpoll.c jfs ramfs
bad_inode.c exec.c Kconfig readdir.c
befs exfat Kconfig.binfmt read_write.c
bfs exportfs kernfs reiserfs
binfmt_aout.c ext2 libfs.c romfs
binfmt_elf.c ext4 lockd select.c
binfmt_elf_fdpic.c f2fs locks.c seq_file.c
binfmt_em86.c fat Makefile signalfd.c
binfmt_flat.c fcntl.c mbcache.c splice.c
binfmt_misc.c fhandle.c minix squashfs
binfmt_script.c file.c mount.h stack.c
block_dev.c filesystems.c mpage.c stat.c
btrfs file_table.c namei.c statfs.c
buffer.c freevxfs namespace.c super.c
cachefiles fscache nfs sync.c
ceph fs_context.c nfs_common sysfs
char_dev.c fsopen.c nfsd sysv
cifs fs_parser.c nilfs2 timerfd.c
coda fs_pin.c nls tracefs
compat_binfmt_elf.c fs_struct.c no-block.c ubifs
compat.c fs_types.c notify udf
configfs fs-writeback.c nsfs.c ufs
coredump.c fuse ntfs unicode
cramfs gfs2 ocfs2 userfaultfd.c
crypto hfs omfs utimes.c
dax.c hfsplus open.c vboxsf
dcache.c hostfs openpromfs verity
dcookies.c hpfs orangefs xattr.c
debugfs hugetlbfs overlayfs xfs
devpts inode.c pipe.c zonefs
direct-io.c internal.h pnode.c
dlm ioctl.c pnode.h
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