26-交換冗餘——Etherchannel技術

假設在當前網絡拓撲中的每條鏈路的帶寬是100M,SW3作爲一個接入層交換機,如果我們在接入層交換機中接入了兩臺PC,每臺PC是100M的數據流量,那麼兩臺PC加起來就是200M的流量。相當於接入層交換機一下子接入了200M的流量,而SW3交換機的鏈路只能處理100M流量,這樣會給當前網絡帶來極大的負擔,但是通過Etherchannel技術將兩條以上的物理鏈路邏輯上合併成一條鏈路,就可以處理更多的數據流量。

 

如上圖所示,SW1和SW2交換機之間有兩條100M的物理鏈路,通過通過Etherchannel技術可以將這兩條物理鏈路從邏輯上合併成一條以太鏈路,然後這條“邏輯鏈路”就可以處理200M的數據流量了。

 

開啓SW1設備的Trunk模式:

SW1#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
SW1(config)#int range f0/0 , f0/1
SW1(config-if-range)#switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q 
SW1(config-if-range)#switchport mode trunk 

 

 

然後將SW1設備的f0/0接口和f0/1接口加入到channel-group 1裏面,配置如下:

SW1(config-if-range)#channel-group 1 mode on
Creating a port-channel interface Port-channel1 
SW1(config-if-range)#
*Mar  1 00:06:54.099: %EC-5-BUNDLE: Interface Fa0/0 joined port-channel Po1
*Mar  1 00:06:54.135: %EC-5-BUNDLE: Interface Fa0/1 joined port-channel Po1
*Mar  1 00:06:56.015: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Port-channel1, changed state to up
*Mar  1 00:06:57.015: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Port-channel1, changed state to up
SW1(config-if-range)#

從上面給出的信息可以看出SW1設備的兩條鏈路都加入到組1了。

 

 

開啓SW2設備的Trunk模式,並把f0/0接口和f0/1接口加入到channel-group 1,配置如下:

SW2(config-if-range)#channel-group 1 mode on
Creating a port-channel interface Port-channel1 
SW2(config-if-range)#
*Mar  1 00:09:32.695: %EC-5-BUNDLE: Interface Fa0/0 joined port-channel Po1
*Mar  1 00:09:32.735: %EC-5-BUNDLE: Interface Fa0/1 joined port-channel Po1
*Mar  1 00:09:34.563: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Port-channel1, changed state to up
*Mar  1 00:09:35.563: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Port-channel1, changed state to up
SW2(config-if-range)#

 

 

部署了Etherchannel技術後,查看物理以太鏈路的信息:

SW2#show etherchannel summary 
Flags:  D - down        P - in port-channel
        I - stand-alone s - suspended
        R - Layer3      S - Layer2
        U - in use
Group Port-channel  Ports
-----+------------+-----------------------------------------------------------
1     Po1(SU)     Fa0/0(P)   Fa0/1(P)   

SW2#

Po1(SU)裏的S表示所在層,當前是處於二層,U表示正在使用,SU合起來表示二層正在使用Etherchannel,從以上該出的信息可以看出以太網通道建立成功,這樣SW1和SW2邏輯上合併成一條鏈路了。

 

 

show命令查看SW2設備的鏈路信息:

SW2#show interfaces port-channel 1
Port-channel1 is up, line protocol is up 
  Hardware is EtherChannel, address is cc02.0178.f000 (bia cc02.0178.f000)
  //說明以太鏈路的帶寬已經是200M了
  MTU 1500 bytes, BW 200000 Kbit, DLY 1000 usec, 
     reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255
  Encapsulation ARPA, loopback not set
  Keepalive set (10 sec)
  Full-duplex, 100Mb/s
  Members in this channel: Fa0/0 Fa0/1 
  ARP type: ARPA, ARP Timeout 04:00:00
  Last input 00:00:01, output never, output hang never
  Last clearing of "show interface" counters never
  Input queue: 0/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 0
  Queueing strategy: fifo
  Output queue: 0/40 (size/max)
  5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
  5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
     0 packets input, 0 bytes, 0 no buffer
     Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles
     0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored
     0 input packets with dribble condition detected
     0 packets output, 0 bytes, 0 underruns
     0 output errors, 0 collisions, 1 interface resets
     0 babbles, 0 late collision, 0 deferred
     0 lost carrier, 0 no carrier
     0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out
SW2#
SW2#

可以看到以太通道的帶寬爲 200M。

 

 

然後通過show命令查看交換機設備的接口:

SW1#show ip int brief 
Interface                  IP-Address      OK? Method Status                Protocol
FastEthernet0/0            unassigned      YES unset  up                    up      
FastEthernet0/1            unassigned      YES unset  up                    up      
FastEthernet0/2            unassigned      YES unset  up                    down    
FastEthernet0/3            unassigned      YES unset  up                    down    
FastEthernet0/4            unassigned      YES unset  up                    down    
FastEthernet0/5            unassigned      YES unset  up                    down    
FastEthernet0/6            unassigned      YES unset  up                    down    
FastEthernet0/7            unassigned      YES unset  up                    down    
FastEthernet0/8            unassigned      YES unset  up                    down    
FastEthernet0/9            unassigned      YES unset  up                    down    
FastEthernet0/10           unassigned      YES unset  up                    down    
FastEthernet0/11           unassigned      YES unset  up                    down    
FastEthernet0/12           unassigned      YES unset  up                    down    
FastEthernet0/13           unassigned      YES unset  up                    down    
FastEthernet0/14           unassigned      YES unset  up                    down    
FastEthernet0/15           unassigned      YES unset  up                    down  
//以太通道  
Port-channel1              unassigned      YES unset  up                    up      
Vlan1                      unassigned      YES unset  up                    up      
SW1#

從上面的接口中可以看到SW1交換機多了一個Port-channel1接口。

 

 

查看SW2的Trunk信息:

SW1#show interfaces trunk 

Port      Mode         Encapsulation  Status        Native vlan
Po1       on           802.1q         trunking      1

Port      Vlans allowed on trunk
Po1       1-1005

Port      Vlans allowed and active in management domain
Po1       1

Port      Vlans in spanning tree forwarding state and not pruned
Po1       1
SW1#

Po1接口其實就是f0/0口和f0/1口合併後的接口。

 

 

 

關於Etherchannel技術的動態協商主要有以下兩種標準:

  1. PAGP,是思科私有的一種標準
  2. LACP,是現在行業都在使用的一種標準

 

PAGP標準(思科私有):

SW1(config)#int range f0/1 , f0/4 
SW1(config-if-range)#switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q 
SW1(config-if-range)#switchport mode trunk 
SW1(config-if-range)#channel-protocol pagp
SW1(config-if-range)#channel-group 1 mode desirable/auto

Desirable表示主動協商,Auto被動協商。

 

 

LACP標準(行業標準):

SW1(config)#int range f0/1 , f0/4 
SW1(config-if-range)#switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q 
SW1(config-if-range)#switchport mode trunk 
SW1(config-if-range)#channel-protocol lacp
SW1(config-if-range)#channel-group 1 mode active/passive

主要關注最後一條命令,對於LACP標準來說,active表示主動協商,passive被動協商。

 

 

以PAGP標準(思科私有)爲例,配置動態協商,下面的實驗是基於思科的模擬器來完成的。

 

SW0交換機配置如下:

SW0(config)#int range f0/1 , f0/2
SW0(config-if-range)#switchport mode trunk 
SW0(config-if-range)#channel-protocol pagp 
SW0(config-if-range)#channel-group 1 mode desirable

這裏SW0交換機配置爲主動協商,那麼對應的另一邊就需要配置爲被動協商模式。

 

 

SW1交換機配置如下:

SW1(config)#int range f0/1 , f0/2
SW1(config-if-range)#switchport mode trunk 
SW1(config-if-range)#channel-protocol pagp 
SW1(config-if-range)#channel-group 1 mode auto 

設置SW1交換機被動協商。

 

 

查看SW0設備的以太通道狀態: 

SW0#show etherchannel summary 
Flags:  D - down        P - in port-channel
        I - stand-alone s - suspended
        H - Hot-standby (LACP only)
        R - Layer3      S - Layer2
        U - in use      f - failed to allocate aggregator
        u - unsuitable for bundling
        w - waiting to be aggregated
        d - default port


Number of channel-groups in use: 1
Number of aggregators:           1

Group  Port-channel  Protocol    Ports
------+-------------+-----------+----------------------------------------------

1      Po1(SU)           PAgP   Fa0/1(P) Fa0/2(P) 
SW0#

PAgP:表示所使用的協議標準是思科私有的。

 

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