什麼是定時任務？
- 在規定的某一個時間點去執行相關的業務代碼
定時任務有什麼作用？
- 在開發中的作用
1、每天晚上12點自動備份數據庫
2、每天晚上12點彙總當前銷售信息，把消息發給老闆
3、每隔一定時間同步A庫和B庫
Quartz定時任務三大核心
- 任務 JobDetail（描述任務相關情況）
- 調度器 Scheduler （代表一個Quarts的獨立運行容器，需要JobDetail和Trigger都註冊到Scheduler中才會生效）
- 觸發器 Trigger （描述觸發Job執行的時間觸發規則）
Quartz和Spring集成的三種方式
- 準備工作
下載：Quartz:官網
在這裏還推薦一個地方下載jar包Maven網站
各種jar包下載https://mvnrepository.com/
![在這裏插入圖片描述]()
- Quartz和Spring集成方式一【XML】
JobDetailBean實現
1、創建任務 MyJob1
package com.lzh.job;
public class MyJob1 {
public void doTask() {
System.out.println("方式一的實現方式");
}
}
2、配置applicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!-- 導入頭文件 -->
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">
<!-- 聲明任務 -->
<bean id="job01" class="com.lzh.job.MyJob1"></bean>
<!-- 包裝任務詳情 -->
<bean id="springQuartzJobBean" class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.MethodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean">
<!-- 注入目標對象 -->
<property name="targetObject" ref="job01"></property>
<!-- 注入目標對象的方法 -->
<property name="targetMethod" value="doTask"></property>
</bean>
<!-- 聲明觸發規則 -->
<bean id="trigger" class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.CronTriggerFactoryBean">
<!-- 注入任務詳情 -->
<property name="jobDetail" ref="springQuartzJobBean"></property>
<!-- 定義觸發規則 -->
<property name="cronExpression" value="0/5 * * * * ? "></property>
</bean>
<!-- 配置調度器 -->
<bean id="springJobSchedulerFactoryBean" class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.SchedulerFactoryBean">
<property name="triggers">
<array>
<ref bean="trigger"/>
</array>
</property>
</bean>
</beans>
·聲明任務
·聲明觸發器
**注意**這裏有個觸發規則的表達式的Value，有個網址可以用[規則表達式value的取值](http://cron.qqe2.com/)
·聲明調度器
3、測試TestApp
package com.lzh.test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class TestApp {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//加載spring的IOC
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("classpath:applicationContext.xml");
}
}
- Quartz和Spring集成方式二【XML】
Method Invoke Job Detail Factory Bean實現（推薦）
1、創建任務 MyJob2
package com.lzh.job;
import org.quartz.JobExecutionContext;
import org.quartz.JobExecutionException;
import org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.QuartzJobBean;
public class MyJob2 extends QuartzJobBean{
@Override
protected void executeInternal(JobExecutionContext arg0) throws JobExecutionException {
System.out.println("方式二的實現方式");
}
}
2、配置applicationContext2.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!-- 導入頭文件 -->
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">
<!-- 包裝任務詳情 -->
<bean id="springQuartzJobBean" class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.JobDetailFactoryBean">
<!-- 注入目標對象 -->
<property name="jobClass" value="com.lzh.job.MyJob2"></property>
<!-- 注入目標對象的方法 -->
<property name="durability" value="true"></property>
</bean>
<!-- 聲明觸發規則 -->
<bean id="trigger" class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.CronTriggerFactoryBean">
<!-- 注入任務詳情 -->
<property name="jobDetail" ref="springQuartzJobBean"></property>
<!-- 定義觸發規則 -->
<property name="cronExpression" value="0/5 * * * * ? "></property>
</bean>
<!-- 配置調度器 -->
<bean id="springJobSchedulerFactoryBean" class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.SchedulerFactoryBean">
<property name="triggers">
<array>
<ref bean="trigger"/>
</array>
</property>
</bean>
</beans>
3、測試TestApp
package com.lzh.test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class TestApp {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//加載spring的IOC
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("classpath:applicationContext2.xml");
}
}
- Quartz和Spring集成方式三【註解】【掌握】
首先在applicationContext.xml頭文件加上
![在這裏插入圖片描述]()
1、創建任務MyJob3
注意：加上註解@component 和@Scheduled(“表達式”)
package com.lzh.job;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Scheduled;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
public class MyJob3 {
@Scheduled(cron = "0/5 * * * * ? ")
public void doTask() {
System.out.println("方式三的實現方式");
}
}
2、配置applicationContext3.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!-- 導入頭文件 -->
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:task="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/task
http://www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task.xsd">
<!-- 掃描任務 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.lzh.job"></context:component-scan>
<!-- 開啓定時任務的註解 -->
<task:annotation-driven/>
</beans>
3、測試
package com.lzh.test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class TestApp {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//加載spring的IOC
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("classpath:applicationContext3.xml");
}
}