部署環境
- CentOS 7.7 64-bit Minimal
- MySQL 5.7
配置 yum 源
# 下載
$ wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm
# 安裝 mysql 源
$ yum localinstall mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm
用下面的命令檢查 mysql 源是否安裝成功
$ yum repolist enabled | grep "mysql.*-community.*"
mysql-connectors-community/x86_64 MySQL Connectors Community 153
mysql-tools-community/x86_64 MySQL Tools Community 110
mysql57-community/x86_64 MySQL 5.7 Community Server 424
安裝 MySQL
使用 yum install 命令安裝
$ yum install -y mysql-community-server
啓動 MySQL 服務
啓動/關閉服務的命令是 systemctl start|stop
$ systemctl start mysqld
用 systemctl status 查看 MySQL 狀態
$ systemctl status mysqld
?.mysqld.service - MySQL Server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Thu 2020-06-18 10:38:20 CST; 38s ago
Docs: man:mysqld(8)
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
Process: 13691 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 13629 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 13694 (mysqld)
CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
?..13694 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
Jun 18 10:38:13 VM_0_10_centos systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
Jun 18 10:38:20 VM_0_10_centos systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.
設置開機啓動
$ systemctl enable mysqld
# 重載所有修改過的配置文件
$ systemctl daemon-reload
修改 root 本地賬戶密碼
mysql 安裝完成之後，生成的默認密碼在 /var/log/mysqld.log 文件中。使用 grep 命令找到日誌中的密碼。
$ grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log
2020-06-18T02:38:15.404832Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: kn;RYrESq9xz
首次通過初始密碼登錄後，使用以下命令修改密碼：
mysql -uroot -p
ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'MyNewPass4!';
flush privileges;
以後通過 update set 語句修改密碼：
mysql> use mysql;
mysql> update user set password=PASSWORD('MyNewPass5!') where user='root';
mysql> flush privileges;
注意：mysql 5.7 默認安裝了密碼安全檢查插件（validate_password），默認密碼檢查策略要求密碼必須包含：大小寫字母、數字和特殊符號，並且長度不能少於8位。否則會提示 ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements 錯誤。
添加遠程登錄用戶
默認只允許root帳戶在本地登錄，如果要在其它機器上連接 mysql，必須添加一個允許遠程連接的帳戶。或者修改 root 爲允許遠程連接（不推薦） 。
添加一個允許遠程連接的帳戶：
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'zuozewei'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'Zuozewei2020!' WITH GRANT OPTION;
修改 root 爲允許遠程連接（不推薦）:
mysql> use mysql;
mysql> UPDATE user SET Host='%' WHERE User='root';
mysql> flush privileges;
mysql> quit
設置默認編碼爲 utf8
mysql 安裝後默認不支持中文，需要修改編碼。
修改 /etc/my.cnf 配置文件，在相關節點（沒有則自行添加）下添加編碼配置，如下：
$ vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
character-set-server=utf8
[client]
default-character-set=utf8
[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8
重啓 mysql 服務，查詢編碼：
$ systemctl restart mysqld
$ mysql -uroot -p
$ show variables like 'character%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client | utf8 |
| character_set_connection | utf8 |
| character_set_database | utf8 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | utf8 |
| character_set_server | utf8 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
默認配置文件路徑
- 配置文件：
/etc/my.cnf - 日誌文件：
/var/log/mysqld.log - 服務啓動腳本：
/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service - socket 文件：
/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid