運算符 | 優先級 |
---|---|
postfix |
expr++ expr-- |
unary |
++expr --expr +expr -expr ~ ! |
multiplicative |
* / % |
additive |
+ - |
shift |
<< >> >>> |
relational |
< > <= >= instanceof |
equality |
== != |
bitwise AND |
& |
bitwise exclusive OR |
^ |
bitwise inclusive OR |
| |
logical AND |
&& |
logical OR |
|| |
ternary |
? : |
assignment |
= += -= *= /= %= &= ^= |= <<= >>= >>>= |
Precedence | Operator | Description | Associativity |
---|---|---|---|
1 |
:: |
Scope resolution | Left-to-right |
2 |
++ -- |
Suffix/postfix increment and decrement | |
() |
Function call | ||
[] |
Array subscripting | ||
. |
Element selection by reference | ||
−> |
Element selection through pointer | ||
3 |
++ -- |
Prefix increment and decrement | Right-to-left |
+ − |
Unary plus and minus | ||
! ~ |
Logical NOT and bitwise NOT | ||
(type) |
Type cast | ||
* |
Indirection (dereference) | ||
& |
Address-of | ||
sizeof |
Size-of | ||
new , new[] |
Dynamic memory allocation | ||
delete , delete[] |
Dynamic memory deallocation | ||
4 |
.* ->* |
Pointer to member | Left-to-right |
5 |
* / % |
Multiplication, division, and remainder | |
6 |
+ − |
Addition and subtraction | |
7 |
<< >> |
Bitwise left shift and right shift | |
8 |
< <= |
For relational operators < and ≤ respectively | |
> >= |
For relational operators > and ≥ respectively | ||
9 |
== != |
For relational = and ≠ respectively | |
10 |
& |
Bitwise AND | |
11 |
^ |
Bitwise XOR (exclusive or) | |
12 |
| |
Bitwise OR (inclusive or) | |
13 |
&& |
Logical AND | |
14 |
|| |
Logical OR | |
15 |
?: |
Ternary conditional | Right-to-Left |
16 |
= |
Direct assignment (provided by default for C++ classes) | |
+= −= |
Assignment by sum and difference | ||
*= /= %= |
Assignment by product, quotient, and remainder | ||
<<= >>= |
Assignment by bitwise left shift and right shift | ||
&= ^= |= |
Assignment by bitwise AND, XOR, and OR | ||
17 |
throw |
Throw operator (for exceptions) | |
18 |
, |
Comma | Left-to-right |
Precedence | Operator | Description | Associativity |
---|---|---|---|
1 |
++ -- |
Suffix/postfix increment and decrement | Left-to-right |
() |
Function call | ||
[] |
Array subscripting | ||
. |
Structure and union member access | ||
−> |
Structure and union member access through pointer | ||
(type){list} |
Compound literal(C99) | ||
2 |
++ -- |
Prefix increment and decrement | Right-to-left |
+ − |
Unary plus and minus | ||
! ~ |
Logical NOT and bitwise NOT | ||
(type) |
Type cast | ||
* |
Indirection (dereference) | ||
& |
Address-of | ||
sizeof |
Size-of | ||
_Alignof |
Alignment requirement(C11) | ||
3 |
* / % |
Multiplication, division, and remainder | Left-to-right |
4 |
+ − |
Addition and subtraction | |
5 |
<< >> |
Bitwise left shift and right shift | |
6 |
< <= |
For relational operators < and ≤ respectively | |
> >= |
For relational operators > and ≥ respectively | ||
7 |
== != |
For relational = and ≠ respectively | |
8 |
& |
Bitwise AND | |
9 |
^ |
Bitwise XOR (exclusive or) | |
10 |
| |
Bitwise OR (inclusive or) | |
11 |
&& |
Logical AND | |
12 |
|| |
Logical OR | |
13 |
?: |
Ternary conditional | Right-to-Left |
14 |
= |
Simple assignment | |
+= −= |
Assignment by sum and difference | ||
*= /= %= |
Assignment by product, quotient, and remainder | ||
<<= >>= |
Assignment by bitwise left shift and right shift | ||
&= ^= |= |
Assignment by bitwise AND, XOR, and OR | ||
15 |
, |
Comma | Left-to-right |
結合方向 | 運算符 | 附加信息 |
---|---|---|
非結合 |
clone new |
clone 和 new |
左 |
[ |
array() |
非結合 |
++ -- |
遞增/遞減運算符 |
非結合 |
~ - (int) (float) (string) (array) (object) (bool) @ |
類型 |
非結合 |
instanceof |
類型 |
右結合 |
! |
邏輯操作符 |
左 |
* / % |
算術運算符 |
左 |
+ - . |
算術運算符 和 字符串運算符 |
左 |
<< >> |
位運算符 |
非結合 |
< <= > >= <> |
比較運算符 |
非結合 |
== != === !== |
比較運算符 |
左 |
& |
位運算符 和 引用 |
左 |
^ |
位運算符 |
左 |
| |
位運算符 |
左 |
&& |
邏輯運算符 |
左 |
|| |
邏輯運算符 |
左 |
? : |
三元運算符 |
右 |
= += -= *= /= .= %= &= |= ^= <<= >>= |
賦值運算符 |
左 |
and |
邏輯運算符 |
左 |
xor |
邏輯運算符 |
左 |
or |
邏輯運算符 |
左 |
, |
多處用到 |
這個表給出Python的運算符優先級(從低到高).
從最低的優先級(最鬆散地結合)到最高的優先級(最緊密地結合)。
這意味着在一個表達式中,Python會首先計算表中較下面的運算符,然後在計算列在表上部的運算符。
運算符 | 描述 |
---|---|
lambda |
Lambda表達式 |
or |
布爾“或” |
and |
布爾“與” |
not x |
布爾“非” |
in,not in |
成員測試 |
is,is not |
同一性測試 |
<,<=,>,>=,!=,== |
比較 |
| |
按位或 |
^ |
按位異或 |
& |
按位與 |
<<,>> |
移位 |
+,- |
加法與減法 |
*,/,% |
乘法、除法與取餘 |
+x,-x |
正負號 |
~x |
按位翻轉 |
** |
指數 |
x.attribute |
屬性參考 |
x[index] |
下標 |
x[index:index] |
尋址段 |
f(arguments...) |
函數調用 |
(experession,...) |
綁定或元組顯示 |
[expression,...] |
列表顯示 |
{key:datum,...} |
字典顯示 |
'expression,...' |
字符串轉換 |