python操作統計excel表格，生成新excel表格

0、前言

         因產品的同學試着用python統計Excel表格，但百度的程序又一直有各種問題， 所以叫我幫用python實現一個統計Excel表格程序；我之前也沒有寫過python操作Excel表格的程序，快速搜索實現了一下，還是發現一些問題，所以分享一下。

1、需求       

        我們使用TAPD管理項目，這裏從TAPD導出的原Excel報表，統計後再生成的新Excel表。
        原Excel報表是任務（標題）的信息列表，需要按需求分類分別統計各處理人的預估工時，如下（圖1原始Excel表格有200多行、圖2統計生成的新Excel表格）：

原始Excel表格

統計生成的新Excel表格

2、python操作excel表格說明

        python操作excel表格有不少組件，如：xlwt、openpyxl、pandas、xlrd、xlwings
        
        一些組件在使用時有問題，如下：
                https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_42555985/article/details/102872781
                https://www.jianshu.com/p/8640abf11297
        
        這裏選用xlwings，xlwings使用接近VBA的語法從Python自動與Excel交互，注意是使用到Excel軟件；
        官方文檔及一些參考如下：
                https://docs.xlwings.org/en/stable/index.html
                https://blog.csdn.net/whalefall/article/details/102665002
                http://www.dszhp.com/xlwings-range.html
                https://www.cnblogs.com/cyanrose/p/12059040.html
                https://blog.csdn.net/lh_hebine/article/details/104559382
        
        當然xlwing使用中也發現一個問題，range().expand()選擇表格範圍時無法識別一行/一列中的空值，遇到空值默認讀取終止：
                https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_44781801/article/details/88692982
        下面程序會跳過一行/一列的範圍選擇問題。

3、python xlwings操作excel表格程序

        目錄下有111.py腳本、原始excel表格222.xls和生成的excel表格333.xls；

        直接運行程序： $ python 111.py
        即可實現222.xls --統計、生成--> 333.xls，效果如前面的excel表格圖片；
        下面是python 111.py腳本程序，可在python2.7運行:

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import xlwings as xw
import sys


class Story(object):

    def __init__(self, handler, workingHours, demandClassification):
        self.handler = handler
        self.workingHours = workingHours
        self.demandClassification = demandClassification

    def get_handler(self):
        return self.handler

    def get_workingHours(self):
        return self.workingHours

    def get_demandClassification(self):
        return self.demandClassification

    def __str__(self):
        return "處理人：" + self.handler + ", 預估工時：" + str(self.workingHours) + ", 需求分類：" + self.demandClassification


filePath = r'222.xls'
newFilePath = r'333.xls'


reload(sys)
sys.setdefaultencoding('utf8')

app = None
wb = None
wbNew = None
appNew = None
try:
    app = xw.App(visible=False, add_book=False)
    app.display_alerts = False
    app.screen_updating = False
    wb = app.books.open(filePath)

    sht = wb.sheets.active
    # shtName=sht.name
    # print(shtName)

    rowCount = sht.range('A1').expand('table').rows.count
    # print(rowCount)
    data = sht.range('A3:G' + str(rowCount)).value
    # print(data)
    storyList = list()
    for i in range(len(data)):
        # print(data[i])
        # for j in range(len(data[i])):
            # print(data[i][j])
        handler = data[i][1]
        workingHours = data[i][4]
        demandClassification = data[i][5]
        if handler is None:
            handler = "未安排處理人"
        if workingHours is None:
            workingHours = 0
        if demandClassification is None:
            demandClassification = "未知需求分類"

        story = Story(str(handler), int(str(workingHours)),
                      str(demandClassification))
        storyList.append(story)
        # print(str(story))

    if len(storyList) > 0:
        handlerSet = set()
        demandClassificationSet = set()
        workingHoursMap = dict()
        for story in storyList:
            handlerSet.add(story.get_handler())
            demandClassificationSet.add(story.get_demandClassification())
            key = str(story.get_handler() + story.get_demandClassification())
            if workingHoursMap.get(key) is None:
                workingHoursMap[key] = 0
            workingHoursMap[key] = workingHoursMap.get(
                key) + story.get_workingHours()

        handlerList = list(handlerSet)
        demandClassificationList = list(demandClassificationSet)
        workingHoursList = []
        handlerGbkList = []
        demandClassificationGbkList = []
        change = False
        for j in range(len(demandClassificationList)):
            workingHoursList.append([])
            for k in range(len(handlerList)):
                key = str(handlerList[k] + demandClassificationList[j])
                workingHoursList[j].append(workingHoursMap.get(key))
                if change is False:
                    handlerGbkList.append(handlerList[k].encode("gbk"))
            change = True
            demandClassificationGbkList.append(
                demandClassificationList[j].encode("gbk"))

        try:
            appNew = xw.App(visible=False, add_book=False)
            appNew.display_alerts = False
            appNew.screen_updating = False
            wbNew = appNew.books.add()
            shtNew = wbNew.sheets['sheet1']

            shtNew.range('A2').options(
                transpose=True).value = demandClassificationGbkList
            shtNew.range('B1').value = handlerGbkList
            shtNew.range('B2').value = workingHoursList

            wbNew.save(newFilePath)

        finally:
            if wbNew is not None:
                wbNew.close()
            if appNew is not None:
                appNew.quit()
finally:
    if wb is not None:
        wb.close()
    if app is not None:
        app.quit()