python+requests接口自動化測試框架實例

介紹：
common：存放一些共通的方法
result：執行過程中生成的文件夾，裏面存放每次測試的結果
testCase：用於存放具體的測試
case testFile：存放測試過程中用到的文件，包括上傳的文件，測試用例以及
數據庫的sql語句 caselist：txt文件，配置每次執行的case名稱
config：配置一些常量，例如數據庫的相關信息，接口的相關信息等
runAll：用於執行case

config.ini

[DATABASE]
host = 50.23.190.57
username = xxxxxx
password = ******
port = 3306
database = databasename

[HTTP]
# 接口的url
baseurl = http://xx.xxxx.xx 
port = 8080
timeout = 1.0

[EMAIL]
mail_host = smtp.163.com
mail_user = [email protected]
mail_pass = *********
mail_port = 25
sender = [email protected]
receiver = [email protected]/[email protected]
subject = python
content = "All interface test has been complited\nplease read the report file about the detile of result in the attachment."
testuser = Someone
on_off = 1

readConfig.py

import os
import codecs
import configparser

proDir = os.path.split(os.path.realpath(__file__))[0]
configPath = os.path.join(proDir, "config.ini")

class ReadConfig:
    def __init__(self):
        fd = open(configPath)
        data = fd.read()

        #  remove BOM
        if data[:3] == codecs.BOM_UTF8:
            data = data[3:]
            file = codecs.open(configPath, "w")
            file.write(data)
            file.close()
        fd.close()

        self.cf = configparser.ConfigParser()
        self.cf.read(configPath)

    def get_email(self, name):
        value = self.cf.get("EMAIL", name)
        return value

    def get_http(self, name):
        value = self.cf.get("HTTP", name)
        return value

    def get_db(self, name):
        value = self.cf.get("DATABASE", name)
        return value

common

import logging
from datetime import datetime
import threading

class Log:
    def __init__(self):
        global logPath, resultPath, proDir
        proDir = readConfig.proDir
        resultPath = os.path.join(proDir, "result")
        # create result file if it doesn't exist
        if not os.path.exists(resultPath):
            os.mkdir(resultPath)
        # defined test result file name by localtime
        logPath = os.path.join(resultPath, str(datetime.now().strftime("%Y%m%d%H%M%S")))
        # create test result file if it doesn't exist
        if not os.path.exists(logPath):
            os.mkdir(logPath)
        # defined logger
        self.logger = logging.getLogger()
        # defined log level
        self.logger.setLevel(logging.INFO)

        # defined handler
        handler = logging.FileHandler(os.path.join(logPath, "output.log"))
        # defined formatter
        formatter = logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s')
        # defined formatter
        handler.setFormatter(formatter)
        # add handler
        self.logger.addHandler(handler)

class MyLog:
    log = None
    mutex = threading.Lock()

    def __init__(self):
        pass

    @staticmethod
    def get_log():

        if MyLog.log is None:
            MyLog.mutex.acquire()
            MyLog.log = Log()
            MyLog.mutex.release()

        return MyLog.log

configHttp.py

import requests
import readConfig as readConfig
from common.Log import MyLog as Log

localReadConfig = readConfig.ReadConfig()

class ConfigHttp:
    def __init__(self):
        global host, port, timeout
        host = localReadConfig.get_http("baseurl")
        port = localReadConfig.get_http("port")
        timeout = localReadConfig.get_http("timeout")
        self.log = Log.get_log()
        self.logger = self.log.get_logger()
        self.headers = {}
        self.params = {}
        self.data = {}
        self.url = None
        self.files = {}

    def set_url(self, url):
        self.url = host + url

    def set_headers(self, header):
        self.headers = header

    def set_params(self, param):
        self.params = param

    def set_data(self, data):
        self.data = data

    def set_files(self, file):
        self.files = file

    # defined http get method
    def get(self):
        try:
            response = requests.get(self.url, params=self.params, headers=self.headers, timeout=float(timeout))
            # response.raise_for_status()
            return response
        except TimeoutError:
            self.logger.error("Time out!")
            return None

    # defined http post method
    def post(self):
        try:
            response = requests.post(self.url, headers=self.headers, data=self.data, files=self.files, timeout=float(timeout))
            # response.raise_for_status()
            return response
        except TimeoutError:
            self.logger.error("Time out!")
            return None

get方法
對於requests提供的get方法，有幾個常用的參數：

url：顯而易見，就是接口的地址url啦

headers：定製請求頭（headers），例如：content-type =
application/x-www-form-urlencoded

params：用於傳遞測試接口所要用的參數，這裏我們用python中的字典形式（key：value）進行參數的傳遞。

timeout：設置接口連接的最大時間（超過該時間會拋出超時錯誤）

舉個栗子：
header={‘content-type’： application/x-www-form-urlencoded}
param={‘user_id’： 123456,‘email’： 123456@163.com} timeout=0.5
requests.get（url, headers=header, params=param, timeout=timeout）
post方法
與get方法類似，只要設置好對應的參數，就可以了。下面就直接舉個栗子，直接上代碼吧：
header={‘content-type’： application/x-www-form-urlencoded}
data={‘email’： 123456@163.com,‘password’： 123456} timeout=0.5
requests.post（url, headers=header, data=data, timeout=timeout
依然只說常用的返回值的操作。

text：獲取接口返回值的文本格式

json()：獲取接口返回值的json()格式

status_code：返回狀態碼（成功爲：200）

headers：返回完整的請求頭信息（headers[‘name’]：返回指定的headers內容）

encoding：返回字符編碼格式

url：返回接口的完整url地址

common.py

import os
from xlrd import open_workbook
from xml.etree import ElementTree as ElementTree
from common.Log import MyLog as Log

localConfigHttp = configHttp.ConfigHttp()
log = Log.get_log()
logger = log.get_logger()

# 從excel文件中讀取測試用例
def get_xls(xls_name, sheet_name):
    cls = []
    # get xls file's path
    xlsPath = os.path.join(proDir, "testFile", xls_name)
    # open xls file
    file = open_workbook(xlsPath)
    # get sheet by name
    sheet = file.sheet_by_name(sheet_name)
    # get one sheet's rows
    nrows = sheet.nrows
    for i in range(nrows):
        if sheet.row_values(i)[0] != u'case_name':
            cls.append(sheet.row_values(i))
    return cls

# 從xml文件中讀取sql語句
database = {}
def set_xml():
    if len(database) == 0:
        sql_path = os.path.join(proDir, "testFile", "SQL.xml")
        tree = ElementTree.parse(sql_path)
        for db in tree.findall("database"):
            db_name = db.get("name")
            # print(db_name)
            table = {}
            for tb in db.getchildren():
                table_name = tb.get("name")
                # print(table_name)
                sql = {}
                for data in tb.getchildren():
                    sql_id = data.get("id")
                    # print(sql_id)
                    sql[sql_id] = data.text
                table[table_name] = sql
            database[db_name] = table

def get_xml_dict(database_name, table_name):
    set_xml()
    database_dict = database.get(database_name).get(table_name)
    return database_dict

def get_sql(database_name, table_name, sql_id):
    db = get_xml_dict(database_name, table_name)
    sql = db.get(sql_id)
    return sql

上面就是我們common的兩大主要內容了，什麼？還不知道是什麼嗎？讓我告訴你吧。

我們利用xml.etree.Element來對xml文件進行操作，然後通過我們自定義的方法，根據傳遞不同的參數取得不（想）同（要）的值。
利用xlrd來操作excel文件，注意啦，我們是用excel文件來管理測試用例的。

聽起來會不會有點兒懵，小編剛學時也很懵，看文件就好理解了。

excel文件：
xml文件：
接下來，我們看看數據庫和發送郵件吧（也可根據需要，不寫該部分內容）

先看老朋友“數據庫”吧。
請朋友們先把pymysql裝起來：

pip install pymysql

這次使用的是MySQL數據庫，所以我們就以它爲例吧。

import pymysql
import readConfig as readConfig
from common.Log import MyLog as Log

localReadConfig = readConfig.ReadConfig()

class MyDB:
    global host, username, password, port, database, config
    host = localReadConfig.get_db("host")
    username = localReadConfig.get_db("username")
    password = localReadConfig.get_db("password")
    port = localReadConfig.get_db("port")
    database = localReadConfig.get_db("database")
    config = {
        'host': str(host),
        'user': username,
        'passwd': password,
        'port': int(port),
        'db': database
    }

    def __init__(self):
        self.log = Log.get_log()
        self.logger = self.log.get_logger()
        self.db = None
        self.cursor = None

    def connectDB(self):
        try:
            # connect to DB
            self.db = pymysql.connect(**config)
            # create cursor
            self.cursor = self.db.cursor()
            print("Connect DB successfully!")
        except ConnectionError as ex:
            self.logger.error(str(ex))

    def executeSQL(self, sql, params):
        self.connectDB()
        # executing sql
        self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
        # executing by committing to DB
        self.db.commit()
        return self.cursor

    def get_all(self, cursor):
        value = cursor.fetchall()
        return value

    def get_one(self, cursor):
        value = cursor.fetchone()
        return value

    def closeDB(self):
        self.db.close()
        print("Database closed!")

configEmail.py

import os
import smtplib
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from datetime import datetime
import threading
import readConfig as readConfig
from common.Log import MyLog
import zipfile
import glob

localReadConfig = readConfig.ReadConfig()

class Email:
    def __init__(self):
        global host, user, password, port, sender, title, content
        host = localReadConfig.get_email("mail_host")
        user = localReadConfig.get_email("mail_user")
        password = localReadConfig.get_email("mail_pass")
        port = localReadConfig.get_email("mail_port")
        sender = localReadConfig.get_email("sender")
        title = localReadConfig.get_email("subject")
        content = localReadConfig.get_email("content")
        self.value = localReadConfig.get_email("receiver")
        self.receiver = []
        # get receiver list
        for n in str(self.value).split("/"):
            self.receiver.append(n)
        # defined email subject
        date = datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
        self.subject = title + " " + date
        self.log = MyLog.get_log()
        self.logger = self.log.get_logger()
        self.msg = MIMEMultipart('mixed')

    def config_header(self):
        self.msg['subject'] = self.subject
        self.msg['from'] = sender
        self.msg['to'] = ";".join(self.receiver)

    def config_content(self):
        content_plain = MIMEText(content, 'plain', 'utf-8')
        self.msg.attach(content_plain)

    def config_file(self):
        # if the file content is not null, then config the email file
        if self.check_file():

            reportpath = self.log.get_result_path()
            zippath = os.path.join(readConfig.proDir, "result", "test.zip")
            # zip file
            files = glob.glob(reportpath + '\*')
            f = zipfile.ZipFile(zippath, 'w', zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED)
            for file in files:
                f.write(file)
            f.close()

            reportfile = open(zippath, 'rb').read()
            filehtml = MIMEText(reportfile, 'base64', 'utf-8')
            filehtml['Content-Type'] = 'application/octet-stream'
            filehtml['Content-Disposition'] = 'attachment; filename="test.zip"'
            self.msg.attach(filehtml)

    def check_file(self):
        reportpath = self.log.get_report_path()
        if os.path.isfile(reportpath) and not os.stat(reportpath) == 0:
            return True
        else:
            return False

    def send_email(self):
        self.config_header()
        self.config_content()
        self.config_file()
        try:
            smtp = smtplib.SMTP()
            smtp.connect(host)
            smtp.login(user, password)
            smtp.sendmail(sender, self.receiver, self.msg.as_string())
            smtp.quit()
            self.logger.info("The test report has send to developer by email.")
        except Exception as ex:
            self.logger.error(str(ex))

class MyEmail:
    email = None
    mutex = threading.Lock()

    def __init__(self):
        pass

    @staticmethod
    def get_email():

        if MyEmail.email is None:
            MyEmail.mutex.acquire()
            MyEmail.email = Email()
            MyEmail.mutex.release()
        return MyEmail.email


if __name__ == "__main__":
    email = MyEmail.get_email()

runAll.py

import unittest
import HTMLTestRunner

    def set_case_list(self):
        fb = open(self.caseListFile)
        for value in fb.readlines():
            data = str(value)
            if data != '' and not data.startswith("#"):
                self.caseList.append(data.replace("\n", ""))
        fb.close()

    def set_case_suite(self):
        self.set_case_list()
        test_suite = unittest.TestSuite()
        suite_model = []

        for case in self.caseList:
            case_file = os.path.join(readConfig.proDir, "testCase")
            print(case_file)
            case_name = case.split("/")[-1]
            print(case_name+".py")
            discover = unittest.defaultTestLoader.discover(case_file, pattern=case_name + '.py', top_level_dir=None)
            suite_model.append(discover)

        if len(suite_model) > 0:
            for suite in suite_model:
                for test_name in suite:
                    test_suite.addTest(test_name)
        else:
            return None
        return test_suite

    def run(self):
        try:
            suit = self.set_case_suite()
            if suit is not None:
                logger.info("********TEST START********")
                fp = open(resultPath, 'wb')
                runner = HTMLTestRunner.HTMLTestRunner(stream=fp, title='Test Report', description='Test Description')
                runner.run(suit)
            else:
                logger.info("Have no case to test.")
        except Exception as ex:
            logger.error(str(ex))
        finally:
            logger.info("*********TEST END*********")
            # send test report by email
            if int(on_off) == 0:
                self.email.send_email()
            elif int(on_off) == 1:
                logger.info("Doesn't send report email to developer.")
            else:
                logger.info("Unknow state.")

testCase文件夾下，存放我們寫的具體的測試case啦，上面這些就是小編寫的一些。注意嘍，所有的case名稱都要以test開頭來命名哦，這是因爲，unittest在進行測試時會自動匹配testCase文件夾下面所有test開頭的.py文件

testFile文件夾下，放置我們測試時用來管理測試用例的excel文件和用於數據庫查詢的sql語句的xml文件哦。

最後就是caselist.txt文件了，就讓你們瞄一眼吧：

轉載：https://my.oschina.net/u/3041656/blog/820023
本文是單純欣賞轉載記錄，非原創。在這裏插入代碼片

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