本人普通一本，正值大三,爲了能有好的就業，痛定思痛戒掉遊戲！鞭策自己至少一週一篇博客
- 學習目標：學校課內基礎打紮實，課外學會語言框架，同時提升英語閱讀水平
- 學習路線（自擬）：
vue->djangorestframework->goland - 畢業前想：用前後端分離建成自己的小站，做一款網絡遊戲（愛好而已）
關於本篇djangorestframwork
內容皆會上傳到我的github上：https://github.com/BadbadLoli/django-rest-framework-study
本篇參照官網教程：https://www.django-rest-framework.org/tutorial/3-class-based-views/
學習爲主，如有紕漏請大神指正
我們可以使用類視圖而不是函數視圖，這是一個強大的模式，它允許我們重用公共的功能，並幫助我們簡化代碼
用類視圖重寫我們的視圖函數
from snippets.models import Snippet
from snippets.serializers import SnippetSerializer
from django.http import Http404
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework import status
class SnippetList(APIView):
# 展示所有/創造一條snippet
def get(self, request, format=None):
snippets = Snippet.objects.all()
serializer = SnippetSerializer(snippets, many=True)
return Response(serializer.data)
def post(self, request, format=None):
serializer = SnippetSerializer(data=request.data)
if serializer.is_valid():
serializer.save()
return Response(serializer.data, status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED)
return Response(serializer.errors, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)
class SnippetDetail(APIView):
# 檢索，更新或刪除一條snippet實例
def get_object(self, pk):
try:
return Snippet.objects.get(pk=pk)
except Snippet.DoesNotExist:
raise Http404
def get(self, request, pk, format=None):
snippet = self.get_object(pk)
serializer = SnippetSerializer(snippet)
return Response(serializer.data)
def put(self, request, pk, format=None):
snippet = self.get_object(pk)
serializer = SnippetSerializer(snippet, data=request.data)
if serializer.is_valid():
serializer.save()
return Response(serializer.data)
return Response(serializer.errors, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)
def delete(self, request, pk, format=None):
snippet = self.get_object(pk)
snippet.delete()
return Response(status=status.HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT)
既然是基於類的視圖，urls.py也要進行適當的改變
from django.urls import path
from rest_framework.urlpatterns import format_suffix_patterns
from snippets import views
urlpatterns = [
path('snippets/', views.SnippetList.as_view()),
path('snippets/<int:pk>/', views.SnippetDetail.as_view()),
]
urlpatterns = format_suffix_patterns(urlpatterns)
使用mixins
使用類視圖的一大好處是，它可以允許我們輕鬆的組合各種可重用的行爲
我們使用的create/retrieve/update/delete這些通用操作，在drf裏都有對應的mixin類實現
from snippets.models import Snippet
from snippets.serializers import SnippetSerializer
from rest_framework import mixins
from rest_framework import generics
class SnippetList(mixins.ListModelMixin,
mixins.CreateModelMixin,
generics.GenericAPIView):
queryset = Snippet.objects.all()
serializer_class = SnippetSerializer
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return self.list(request, *args, **kwargs)
def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return self.create(request, *args, **kwargs)
class SnippetDetail(mixins.RetrieveModelMixin,
mixins.UpdateModelMixin,
mixins.DestroyModelMixin,
generics.GenericAPIView):
queryset = Snippet.objects.all()
serializer_class = SnippetSerializer
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return self.retrieve(request, *args, **kwargs)
def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return self.update(request, *args, **kwargs)
def delete(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return self.destroy(request, *args, **kwargs)
我們使用基類GenericAPIView構建視圖，並添加了ListModelMixin和CreateModelMixin，GenericAPIView提供核心功能，而mixin類提供.list()，.create()，.retrieve()，.update()，.destroy()操作，然後將其綁定到get和post請求上
使用通用的類視圖
通過使用mixin類，我們重寫了視圖，並比之前使用了更少的代碼，但是代碼可以更加簡潔，drf給我們提供了一組已經混合了多種mixin類的通用視圖，用來進一步簡化view.py
from snippets.models import Snippet
from snippets.serializers import SnippetSerializer
from rest_framework import generics
class SnippetList(generics.ListCreateAPIView):
queryset = Snippet.objects.all()
serializer_class = SnippetSerializer
class SnippetDetail(generics.RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView):
queryset = Snippet.objects.all()
serializer_class = SnippetSerializer
哇，真簡潔。我們已經獲得了大量的資源，我們的代碼看起來很好，乾淨，符合Django的習慣。接下來，我們將進入本教程的第4部分，在這裏我們將瞭解如何處理API的身份驗證和權限。