本人普通一本，正值大三,为了能有好的就业，痛定思痛戒掉游戏！鞭策自己至少一周一篇博客
- 学习目标：学校课内基础打扎实，课外学会语言框架，同时提升英语阅读水平
- 学习路线（自拟）：
vue->djangorestframework->goland - 毕业前想：用前后端分离建成自己的小站，做一款网络游戏（爱好而已）
关于本篇djangorestframwork
内容皆会上传到我的github上：https://github.com/BadbadLoli/django-rest-framework-study
本篇参照官网教程：https://www.django-rest-framework.org/tutorial/3-class-based-views/
学习为主，如有纰漏请大神指正
我们可以使用类视图而不是函数视图，这是一个强大的模式，它允许我们重用公共的功能，并帮助我们简化代码
用类视图重写我们的视图函数
from snippets.models import Snippet
from snippets.serializers import SnippetSerializer
from django.http import Http404
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework import status
class SnippetList(APIView):
# 展示所有/创造一条snippet
def get(self, request, format=None):
snippets = Snippet.objects.all()
serializer = SnippetSerializer(snippets, many=True)
return Response(serializer.data)
def post(self, request, format=None):
serializer = SnippetSerializer(data=request.data)
if serializer.is_valid():
serializer.save()
return Response(serializer.data, status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED)
return Response(serializer.errors, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)
class SnippetDetail(APIView):
# 检索，更新或删除一条snippet实例
def get_object(self, pk):
try:
return Snippet.objects.get(pk=pk)
except Snippet.DoesNotExist:
raise Http404
def get(self, request, pk, format=None):
snippet = self.get_object(pk)
serializer = SnippetSerializer(snippet)
return Response(serializer.data)
def put(self, request, pk, format=None):
snippet = self.get_object(pk)
serializer = SnippetSerializer(snippet, data=request.data)
if serializer.is_valid():
serializer.save()
return Response(serializer.data)
return Response(serializer.errors, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)
def delete(self, request, pk, format=None):
snippet = self.get_object(pk)
snippet.delete()
return Response(status=status.HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT)
既然是基于类的视图，urls.py也要进行适当的改变
from django.urls import path
from rest_framework.urlpatterns import format_suffix_patterns
from snippets import views
urlpatterns = [
path('snippets/', views.SnippetList.as_view()),
path('snippets/<int:pk>/', views.SnippetDetail.as_view()),
]
urlpatterns = format_suffix_patterns(urlpatterns)
使用mixins
使用类视图的一大好处是，它可以允许我们轻松的组合各种可重用的行为
我们使用的create/retrieve/update/delete这些通用操作，在drf里都有对应的mixin类实现
from snippets.models import Snippet
from snippets.serializers import SnippetSerializer
from rest_framework import mixins
from rest_framework import generics
class SnippetList(mixins.ListModelMixin,
mixins.CreateModelMixin,
generics.GenericAPIView):
queryset = Snippet.objects.all()
serializer_class = SnippetSerializer
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return self.list(request, *args, **kwargs)
def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return self.create(request, *args, **kwargs)
class SnippetDetail(mixins.RetrieveModelMixin,
mixins.UpdateModelMixin,
mixins.DestroyModelMixin,
generics.GenericAPIView):
queryset = Snippet.objects.all()
serializer_class = SnippetSerializer
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return self.retrieve(request, *args, **kwargs)
def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return self.update(request, *args, **kwargs)
def delete(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return self.destroy(request, *args, **kwargs)
我们使用基类GenericAPIView构建视图，并添加了ListModelMixin和CreateModelMixin，GenericAPIView提供核心功能，而mixin类提供.list()，.create()，.retrieve()，.update()，.destroy()操作，然后将其绑定到get和post请求上
使用通用的类视图
通过使用mixin类，我们重写了视图，并比之前使用了更少的代码，但是代码可以更加简洁，drf给我们提供了一组已经混合了多种mixin类的通用视图，用来进一步简化view.py
from snippets.models import Snippet
from snippets.serializers import SnippetSerializer
from rest_framework import generics
class SnippetList(generics.ListCreateAPIView):
queryset = Snippet.objects.all()
serializer_class = SnippetSerializer
class SnippetDetail(generics.RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView):
queryset = Snippet.objects.all()
serializer_class = SnippetSerializer
哇，真简洁。我们已经获得了大量的资源，我们的代码看起来很好，干净，符合Django的习惯。接下来，我们将进入本教程的第4部分，在这里我们将了解如何处理API的身份验证和权限。