Hangman是一個雙人遊戲,通常用紙和鉛筆來玩。一個玩家想好一個單詞,然在紙上爲單詞的每個字母畫一個空格。然後第二個玩家猜測這個單詞中可能包含的字母。
如果第二個玩家猜測對了,第一個玩家就在正確的空格處填寫這個字母。如果沒有猜對,第一個玩家就畫出火柴人的身體的一部分。第二個玩家必須在火柴人畫好之前,就猜對單詞中所有的字母,只有這樣他才能獲勝。
主要內容:
- 列表;
- in操作符;
- 方法;
- 字符串方法lower()、upper()、split()、startswith()和endswith();
- elif語句;
源代碼:
import random
HANGMAN_PICS = ['''
+---+
|
|
|
===''','''
+---+
0 |
|
|
===''','''
+---+
0 |
| |
|
===''','''
+---+
0 |
/| |
|
===''','''
+---+
0 |
/|\ |
|
===''','''
+---+
0 |
/|\ |
/ |
===''','''
+---+
0 |
/|\ |
/ \ |
===''']
words = '''ant baboon badger bat beer beaver
camle cat clam cobra cougar
coyote crow deer dog donkey duck eagle
ferret fox frog goat goose hawk'''.split()
def getRandomWord(wordList):
#This function returns a random string from the passed list of string.
wordIndex = random.randint(0, len(wordList) - 1)
return wordList[wordIndex]
def displayBoard(missedLetters, correctLetters, secretWord):
print(HANGMAN_PICS[len(missedLetters)])
print()
print('Missed letters:', end=' ')
for letter in missedLetters:
print(letter, end=' ')
print()
blanks = '_'*len(secretWord)
for i in range(len(secretWord)):
#Replace blanks with correctly guessed letters.
if secretWord[i] in correctLetters:
blanks = blanks[:i] + secretWord[i] + blanks[i + 1:]
#Show the secret word with spaces in betweeen each letter.
for letter in blanks:
print(letter, end=' ')
print()
def getGuess(alreadyGuessed):
#Return the letter the player entered. This function makes sure the
#player entered asingle letter and not something else.
while True:
print('Guess a letter.')
guess = input()
guess = guess.lower()
if len(guess) != 1:
print('Please enter a single letter.')
elif guess in alreadyGuessed:
print('you have already guessed that letter. Choose again.')
elif guess not in 'abcdefghizklmnopqrstuvwxyz':
print('Please enter a LETTER.')
else:
return guess
def playAgain():
#This function returns True if the player wants to play agains;
#otherwise, it returns False.
print('Do you want to play again ? (yes or no)')
return input().lower().startswith('y')
print('H A N G M A N')
missedLetters = ' '
correctLetters = ' '
secretWord = getRandomWord(words)
gameIsDone = False
while True:
displayBoard(missedLetters, correctLetters, secretWord)
guess = getGuess(missedLetters + correctLetters)
if guess in secretWord:
correctLetters = correctLetters + guess
foundAllLetters = True
for i in range(len(secretWord)):
if secretWord[i] not in correctLetters:
foundAllLetters = False
break
if foundAllLetters == True:
print('Yes! The secret word is "' + secretWord + '"! You have won!')
gameIsDone = True
else:
missedLetters = missedLetters + guess
#Check if player has guessed too many times and lost.
if len(missedLetters) == len(HANGMAN_PICS) - 1:
displayBoard(missedLetters, correctLetters, secretWord)
print('You have run out of guesses!\nAfter ' +
str(len(missedLetters)) + ' missed guesses and '+
str(len(correctLetters)) + ' correct guesses, the word was "'
+ secretWord +' " ')
gameIsDone = True
#Ask the player if they want to play again(but only if the game is done.)
if gameIsDone:
if playAgain():
missedLetters = ''
correctLetters = ''
gameIsDone = False
secretWord = getRandomWord(words)
else:
break
常量:
變量HANGMAN_PICS的名稱全部是大寫的,這是表示常量的慣例。常量(constsnt)是在第一次賦值之後其值就不在變化的量。
列表數據類型
HANGMAN_PICS包含了幾個多行字符串。逗號隔開的列表中的各個值,這些值也叫做元素(item)。HANGMAN_PICS中的每一個元素都是一個多行字符串,列表使得你能夠存儲多個值,而不需要爲每個值都使用一個變量。
列表可以通過索引進行訪問,記住列表索引值是從0開始的,就是說0是表示列表中的第一個元素。
列表連接
列表使用 + 號連接,如下例:
>>> [1,2,3] + [4,5,6] + [7,8,9]
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
in操作符
in操作符可以告訴我們一個值是否在列表中,使用in操作符的表達式會返回一個布爾值。如果該值在列表中,返回值是True;如果該值不在列表中,返回值是False。
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
>>> 1 in [1,2,3]
True
>>> 4 in [1,2,3]
False
調用方法:
方法(method)是附加到一個值之上的函數。要調用一個方法,必須使用一個句點將其附加到一個具體的值上。
reverse()方法會把列表中的元素順序反轉。
>>> x = [1,2,3]
>>> x.reverse()
>>> x
[3, 2, 1]
append()方法會把作爲參數傳遞給它的值添加到列表的末尾。
>>> x = [1,2,3]
>>> x.append(4)
>>> x
[1, 2, 3, 4]
split()方法返回多個字符串的一個列表
>>> y ='Hello Pyhton'
>>> y.split()
['Hello', 'Pyhton']
lower()方法返回一個字母都是小寫的字符串
upper()方法返回一個字母都是大寫的字符串
>>> y ='Hello Pyhton'
>>> y.split()
['Hello', 'Pyhton']
>>> y = 'Hello World'
>>> y.lower()
'hello world'
>>> y.upper()
'HELLO WORLD'
startswith()方法是以括號內開頭的返回True,反之爲False
endswith()方法是以括號內開頭的返回Flase,繁殖爲True
>>> 'hello'.startswith('h')
True
>>> 'python'.endswith('p')
False
參考:
- 《Python遊戲編程快速上手》第四版,AI Sweigart著,李強 譯