Computer Hardware ID(CHID)及驅動推送

以往Windows Update(WU)在進行驅動推送時,都是依據HWID(Hardware ID)進行的,機器上每個設備,比如聲卡、網卡、觸控芯片等等,都有自己的HWID。但WU卻無法對不同型號的機器進行區別。比如同一款聲卡,它可能被安裝在聯想S330這款機器上,也可能被安裝在華碩A200這款機器上,WU在進行驅動推送時只能針對這一款聲卡推送同樣的驅動,卻做不到對聯想和華碩推送不同的驅動。


但從win10開始WU在進行驅動程序的推送時,不僅依然HWID,還會依據CHID(Computer Hardware ID)進行機器型號的辨別。CHID是早就存在的東西,只是在win10纔開始被應用於WU推送。它是依據SMBIOS中的一些信息,比如Manufacturer、Family、ProductName、SKU Number等等,生成的一個GUID,不同類型的信息組合可以生成多個CHID,比如下表中WIN10上組合生成CHID的規則:(https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/hardware/ff552325(v=vs.85).aspx)


HWID Windows 10
HardwareID-0 Manufacturer + Family + Product Name + SKU Number + BIOS Vendor + BIOS Version + BIOS Major Release + BIOS Minor Release
HardwareID-1 Manufacturer + Family + Product Name + BIOS Vendor + BIOS Version + BIOS Major Release + BIOS Minor Release
HardwareID-2 Manufacturer + Product Name + BIOS Vendor + BIOS Version + BIOS Major Release + BIOS Minor Release
HardwareID-3 Manufacturer + Family + Product Name + SKU Number + Baseboard Manufacturer + Baseboard Product
HardwareID-4 Manufacturer + Family + Product Name + SKU Number
HardwareID-5 Manufacturer + Family + Product Name
HardwareID-6 Manufacturer + SKU Number + Baseboard Manufacturer + Baseboard Product
HardwareID-7 Manufacturer + SKU Number
HardwareID-8 Manufacturer + Product Name + Baseboard Manufacturer + Baseboard Product
HardwareID-9 Manufacturer + Product Name
HardwareID-10 Manufacturer + Family + Baseboard Manufacturer + Baseboard Product
HardwareID-11 Manufacturer + Family
HardwareID-12 Manufacturer + Enclosure Type
HardwareID-13 Manufacturer + Baseboard Manufacturer + Baseboard Product
HardwareID-14 Manufacturer


CHID的獲取可以依靠微軟提供的computerhardwareids.exe工具,也可以從註冊表中獲取,具體路徑爲: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\SystemInformation\ComputerHardwareIds

另外SMBIOS在註冊表中的路徑爲:HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\HARDWARE\DESCRIPTION\System\BIOS


驅動發佈到WU時,微軟提供了一種“測試發佈”模式,在這種模式下,一般的機器是收不到WU的推送的,只有在註冊表中添加了特定的鍵值的機器才能收到WU的推送,這樣一來便於內部進行測試。具體的註冊表修改方法如下:

1、打開註冊表,並導航至:HKLM\Software\Microsoft;

2、新建Subkeys  DriverFlighting ---> Partner

3、在Partner子鍵下新建TargetRing,並設置值爲:Drivers;




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