SpringCloud第七节内容精简(上),Hystrix断路器和服务降级

 Hystrix是一个用于处理分布式系统的延迟和容错的开源库,在分布式系统里,许多依赖不可避免的会调用失败,如超时,异常灯,Hystrix能够保证 在一个以来出问题的情况下,不会导致整体服务失败,避免级联故障 ,以提高分布式系统的弹性。

通过断路器的故障监控,向调用方返回一个符合预期的,可处理的备选响应,而不是 长时间的等待或者抛出调用方无法处理的异常,这样就保证了服务调用方的现成不会被长时间,不必要的占用,避免故障在分布式系统中的蔓延,乃至雪崩。

 

分为服务降级,服务熔断,服务限流

以下是服务降级

创建项目

8001的hystrix项目,注意这里是feign配合hystrix学习 

pom

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>cloud2020</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>cloud-provider-hystrix-payment8001</artifactId>

    <dependencies>
        <!--hystrix-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--eureka client-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--web-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency><!-- 引入自己定义的api通用包,可以使用Payment支付Entity -->
            <groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
            <version>${project.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

</project>

service层

@Service
public class PaymentService {
    public String paymentInfo_Ok(Integer id){
        return "线程池:"+Thread.currentThread().getName()+"paymentInfo_ok,id:"+id;
    }

    public String paymentInfo_TimeOut(Integer id){
        try {
            TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return "线程池:"+Thread.currentThread().getName()+"paymentInfo_TimeOut,id:"+id+"耗时3秒";
    }
}

控制器

@RestController
@Slf4j
public class PaymentController {

    @Resource
    private PaymentService paymentService;

    @Value("${server.port")
    private String serverPost;

    @GetMapping("/payment/hystrix/ok/{id}")
    public String paymentInfo_Ok(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
        String result = paymentService.paymentInfo_Ok(id);
        log.info("******result"+result);
        return result;
    }

    @GetMapping("/payment/hystrix/timeout/{id}")
    public String paymentInfo_TimeOut(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
        String result = paymentService.paymentInfo_TimeOut(id);
        log.info("******result"+result);
        return result;
    }
}

 启动类

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
public class PaymentHystrixMain8001 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(PaymentHystrixMain8001.class,args);
    }
}

然后借助JMeter压力测试

https://blog.csdn.net/bailaoshi666/article/details/107067478

 

80项目模块

pom

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>cloud2020</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>cloud-consumer-feign-hystrix-order80</artifactId>

    <dependencies>
        <!--openfeign-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--hystrix-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--eureka client-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 引入自己定义的api通用包,可以使用Payment支付Entity -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
            <version>${project.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--web-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--一般基础通用配置-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>


</project>

service层,一定要feign注解加接口啊 

@Component
@FeignClient(value = "CLOUD-PROVIDER-HYSTRIX-PAYMENT")
public interface PaymentHystrixService {

    @GetMapping("/payment/hystrix/ok/{id}")
    public String paymentInfo_Ok(@PathVariable("id") Integer id);


    @GetMapping("/payment/hystrix/timeout/{id}")
    public String paymentInfo_TimeOut(@PathVariable("id") Integer id);
}

application.yml

server:
  port: 80

eureka:
  client:
    register-with-eureka: false
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka/

feign:
  hystrix:
    enabled: true

控制器

@RestController
@Slf4j
public class OrderHystrixController {

    @Resource
    private PaymentHystrixService  paymentHystrixService;

    @GetMapping("/consumer/payment/hystrix/ok/{id}")
    public String paymentInfo_Ok(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
        return paymentHystrixService.paymentInfo_Ok(id);
    }


    @GetMapping("/consumer/payment/hystrix/timeout/{id}")
    public String paymentInfo_TimeOut(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
        return paymentHystrixService.paymentInfo_TimeOut(id);
    }
}

 

压力8001接口测试再走80接口会报超时错误

写降级方法

修改8001的service层,超时3秒走另一个

@Service
public class PaymentService {
    public String paymentInfo_Ok(Integer id){
        return "线程池:"+Thread.currentThread().getName()+"paymentInfo_ok,id:"+id;
    }


    @HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "paymentInfo_TimeOutHandler",commandProperties = {
            @HystrixProperty(name="execution.isolation.thread.timeoutInMilliseconds",value="3000")
    })
    public String paymentInfo_TimeOut(Integer id){
        try {
            TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(5);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return "线程池:"+Thread.currentThread().getName()+"paymentInfo_TimeOut,id:"+id+"耗时5秒";
    }

    public String paymentInfo_TimeOutHandler(Integer id){
        return "线程池:"+Thread.currentThread().getName()+"paymentInfo_TimeOutHandler,id:"+id+"拦截方法";
    }
}

 

启动类要加@EnableCircuitBreaker即可

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
@EnableCircuitBreaker
public class PaymentHystrixMain8001 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(PaymentHystrixMain8001.class,args);
    }
}

方法改成int age = 10/0计算错误也可以拦截

 

另外关于Hystrix的注解,建议修改完重启微服务,热部署对于这个注解不是及时反应

 

一般在项目中,断路器Hystrix一般是写在消费者,就是80端口的服务。所以下面来为80项目添加断路器

其实主要就是application.yml加启动,启动类加注解,服务加注解

application.yml

server:
  port: 80

eureka:
  client:
    register-with-eureka: false
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka/

feign:
  hystrix:
    enabled: true

启动类

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableFeignClients
@EnableHystrix
public class OrderHystrixMain80 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(OrderHystrixMain80.class,args);
    }
}

控制器

@RestController
@Slf4j
public class OrderHystrixController {

    @Resource
    private PaymentHystrixService  paymentHystrixService;

    @GetMapping("/consumer/payment/hystrix/ok/{id}")
    public String paymentInfo_Ok(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
        return paymentHystrixService.paymentInfo_Ok(id);
    }


    @GetMapping("/consumer/payment/hystrix/timeout/{id}")
    @HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "paymentTimeOutFallbackMethod",commandProperties = {
            @HystrixProperty(name="execution.isolation.thread.timeoutInMilliseconds",value="1500")
    })
    public String paymentInfo_TimeOut(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
        return paymentHystrixService.paymentInfo_TimeOut(id);
    }

    public String paymentTimeOutFallbackMethod(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
        return "我是消费者80,对方系统繁忙";
    }
}

效果。写上int age  = 10/0。效果如下

这里让我想到个问题 ,为什么 8001的断路器写在service层,而80的断路器在控制层。

后来发现原来是,视频老师偷懒,8001的service层是class层,实际就是平常的serviceImpl层,可以写实现,也可以写控制器上。而80项目的service是interface,接口,只能写在serviceImpl,但是视频中为了简便,没有serviceImpl,直接控制器实现,所以这就是写在控制器的原因,其实写serviceImpl即可 。仔细查看项目,8001的service层(实际是serviceImpl层)加了 @Service注解。而80项目的 service层加了 @Component扫描。

 

之后,我修改了8001,把断路器从service层(实际是serviceImpl层)移动到了控制层,效果依旧可以。从80访问依旧走80的callback

 

接下来考虑到效率问题,如何1对多的断路器,就是默认断路器

主要是 @DefaultProperties 和 @HystrixCommand

代码只修改这个。要注意这个默认的断路器方法不能写参数

@RestController
@Slf4j
@DefaultProperties(defaultFallback = "payment_Global_FallbackMethod")
public class OrderHystrixController {

    @Resource
    private PaymentHystrixService  paymentHystrixService;

    @GetMapping("/consumer/payment/hystrix/ok/{id}")
    public String paymentInfo_Ok(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
        return paymentHystrixService.paymentInfo_Ok(id);
    }


    @GetMapping("/consumer/payment/hystrix/timeout/{id}")
    /*@HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "paymentTimeOutFallbackMethod",commandProperties = {
            @HystrixProperty(name="execution.isolation.thread.timeoutInMilliseconds",value="1000")
    })*/
    @HystrixCommand
    public String paymentInfo_TimeOut(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
        return paymentHystrixService.paymentInfo_TimeOut(id);
    }

    public String paymentTimeOutFallbackMethod(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
        return "我是消费者80,对方系统繁忙";
    }

    public String payment_Global_FallbackMethod(){
        return "我是消费者80的全局断路器";
    }

}

效果如下

 

考虑完1对多的断路器,要考虑如何写代码解耦,更优化

写个类,继承service层并扫描进spring

@Component
public class PaymentFallbackService implements PaymentHystrixService {
    @Override
    public String paymentInfo_Ok(Integer id) {
        return "PaymentFallbackService-okokkokokokok";
    }

    @Override
    public String paymentInfo_TimeOut(Integer id) {
        return "PaymentFallbackService.timeoutimeout";
    }
}

 

service层加fallback

@Component
@FeignClient(value = "CLOUD-PROVIDER-HYSTRIX-PAYMENT",fallback = PaymentFallbackService.class)
public interface PaymentHystrixService {

    @GetMapping("/payment/hystrix/ok/{id}")
    public String paymentInfo_Ok(@PathVariable("id") Integer id);


    @GetMapping("/payment/hystrix/timeout/{id}")
    public String paymentInfo_TimeOut(@PathVariable("id") Integer id);
}

 

注意application.yml要开启 

server:
  port: 80

eureka:
  client:
    register-with-eureka: false
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka/

feign:
  hystrix:
    enabled: true

 

效果图

 

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