Linux 2T+硬盤分區和動態擴容分區

1、查看硬盤分區信息

# fdisk -l
查看未格式化的分區

# parted -l 可以查看未掛載的文件系統類型，以及哪些分區尚未格式化
# lsblk -f 可以查看未掛載的文件系統類型

2、格式化分區

# parted /dev/vdb
# mklabel gpt
# mkpart primary xfs 0% 100%
# set 1 lvm on         //set：添加標誌；1：爲分區編號；lvm：標誌；on：開啓
# print                //查看分區表
# quit

如硬盤小於2T則使用如下命令：
# fdisk /dev/vdb
Command (m for help): m
Command (m for help): n
Select (default p): p
Command (m for help): w

3、創建邏輯卷組

(1)初始化分區vdb1爲物理卷pv
# pvcreate /dev/vdb1    //初始化
# pvdisplay             //顯示物理卷信息
  --- Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/vdb1
  VG Name               VolGroup00
  PV Size               <4.00 TiB / not usable 2.00 MiB
  Allocatable           yes (but full)
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              1048575
  Free PE               0
  Allocated PE          1048575
  PV UUID               OsEekg-IwBU-zAjv-sl4D-5p4V-2kTp-82Loqn

(2)創建邏輯卷組vg,將/dev/vdb1物理卷加入到這個卷組裏（VolGroup00爲自定義的名字）
# vgcreate VolGroup00 /dev/vdb1     //創建邏輯卷組
# vgdisplay VolGroup00 -v           //顯示卷組信息
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               VolGroup00
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        1
  Metadata Sequence No  2
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                1
  Open LV               1
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                1
  Act PV                1
  VG Size               <4.00 TiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              1048575
  Alloc PE / Size       1048575 / <4.00 TiB
  Free  PE / Size       0 / 0
  VG UUID               KhVEIT-UAnm-Mowf-Cz7e-AQ8h-7Q1P-V5cIIr
注：使用vgdisplay顯示有關邏輯卷的信息，如上所示，看到卷組可用的空間爲4T，爲什麼提示空間不夠呢？其實正在的原因：可用的PE數量是1048575，而每個PE大小是4.00MiB，所以其實這個卷組實際的可用空間其實不是4T，而是1048575*4/1024 = 4095.99609375G

(3)創建邏輯卷LV,名稱LogVol00，由卷組VolGroup00提供空間，並給他指定擁有4095.996G的LogVol00爲自定義的名字)
# lvcreate -L +4095.996G -n LogVol00 VolGroup00
# lvdisplay                         //顯示邏輯卷信息

4、格式化邏輯分區，格式 xfs

# mkfs.xfs /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00

如要格式化爲ext4格式使用如下命令
# mkfs.ext4 /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00

5、掛載邏輯卷分區

(1)將/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00這個邏輯卷掛在到/data文件下
# mount -t xfs /dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00 /data

如是ext4文件格式使用如下命令：
# mount -t /dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00 /data

(2)設置開機自動掛載
# blkid                 //得到新建lvm分區信息
/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00: UUID="defa1975-5186-4c34-9200-615f258b8e7e" TYPE="xfs" 

# vi /etc/fstab
UUID=defa1975-5186-4c34-9200-615f258b8e7e /data   xfs  defaults  0 0

# df -Th

6、動態擴容分區

# fdisk -l
# parted /dev/vdc
# mklabel gpt
# mkpart primary xfs 0% 100%
# set 1 lvm on
# print                    //查看分區表
# quit
# pvcreate /dev/vdc1       //初始化分區
# vgextend VolGroup00 /dev/vdc1  //將初始化過的分區加入VolGroup00虛擬卷組
# vgdisplay VolGroup00 -v  //查看邏輯組信息
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               VolGroup00
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        2
  Metadata Sequence No  4
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                1
  Open LV               1
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                1
  Act PV                1
  VG Size               <8.00 TiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              2097150
  Alloc PE / Size       2097150 / <8.00 TiB
  Free  PE / Size       0 / 0
  VG UUID               KhVEIT-UAnm-Mowf-Cz7e-AQ8h-7Q1P-V5cIIr

# lvextend -L +4095.996G /dev/mapper/vg_storage-lv_data   //擴展已有卷的容量
# pvdisplay                //查看卷容量
  --- Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/vdb1
  VG Name               VolGroup00
  PV Size               <4.00 TiB / not usable 2.00 MiB
  Allocatable           yes (but full)
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              1048575
  Free PE               0
  Allocated PE          1048575
  PV UUID               OsEekg-IwBU-zAjv-sl4D-5p4V-2kTp-82Loqn
   
  --- Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/vdc1
  VG Name               VolGroup00
  PV Size               <4.00 TiB / not usable 2.00 MiB
  Allocatable           yes (but full)
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              1048575
  Free PE               0
  Allocated PE          1048575
  PV UUID               7Kn3JV-bgzp-CshD-EBkP-0cro-xiP2-lY1w4x

# xfs_growfs /dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00              //擴容文件系統
注：如分區格式爲ext4此處使用 resize2fs /dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00

# df -Th

LVM其他操作

(1)刪除一個vg
# vgchange -a n VolGroup00
# vgremove VolGroup00

(2)從vg中刪除pv
# pvdisplay              //查看確保pv不被lv使用
如果pv已經被使用，需要使用pvmove命令把pv的數據遷移到另外空閒的pv
# pvmove /dev/sda /dev/sdb
# vgreduce VolGroup00 /dev/sda      //刪除pv

(3)刪除一個LV
# umount /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00
# lvremove /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00
lvremove -- do you really want to remove "/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00"? [y/n]: y
lvremove -- doing automatic backup of volume group "VolGroup00"
lvremove -- logical volume "/dev/myvg/homevol" successfully removed