WebSocket服務端:QWebSocketServer
目錄
背景:
最近遇到一個項目要開發一個服務,該服務通過websocket 傳出數據。於是先從簡單的實現開始吧。
QWebSocketServer 簡單使用介紹:
1、Qt對websocket的封裝分爲服務端和客戶端,分別使用QWebSocketServer和QWebSocket。
2、QWebSocketServer 和 QTcpServer 都是基於QAbstractSocket模型的。所以可以類似QTcpServer的開發,它們行爲相同。使用參照QTcpServer。
3、偵聽:調用listen()讓服務器監聽傳入的連接。
4、接入新的客戶端連接:每次客戶端連接到服務器時都會發出newConnection()信號。調用nextPendingConnection()將等待接入的連接接受爲已連接的QWebSocket。函數返回指向QabstractSocket::ConnectedState中QWebSocket的指針,可以使用該指針與客戶端通信。
5、異常處理: 如果發生錯誤,ServerError()返回錯誤類型,並且可以調用ErrorString()以獲取對所發生情況的人類可讀描述。
6、停止接收新的接入:調用close()將使QWebSocketServer停止偵聽傳入的連接。
7、注意:
-
QWebSocket服務器當前不支持WebSocket擴展和WebSocket子工具。
-
使用自簽名證書時,Firefox bug
594502會阻止firefox連接到安全的Websocket服務器。要解決此問題,請首先使用https瀏覽到安全WebSocket服務器。Firefox將指示證書無效。從這裏開始,可以將證書添加到異常中。在這之後,安全WebSockets連接應該可以工作。 -
QWebSocketServer僅支持WebSocket協議的版本13,如RFC6455所述。
8、服務器安全設置:
枚舉
enum QWebSocketServer::SslMode
指示服務器是通過wss(SecureMode)還是ws(NonSecureMode)運行。
具體開發過程:
1、在工程文件夾中添加: `QT += websockets`
2、包含類 `#include <QWebSocketServer>`
3、創建對象:使用時先new一個QWebSocketServer,傳入服務器名稱和是否使用安全模式(安全模式wss,非安全模式ws),然後關聯其newConnected(),closed(),serverError()。
4、當收到新的連接後,則是轉換爲QWebSocket,然後關聯其connected(),disconnected(),error(),textFrameReceived()(或者textMessageReceived()信號,兩個收到消息的信號都會觸發),發送調用sendTextMessage()函數即。
5、爲了更好的管理代碼,建一個類來管理webSocketServer
class WebSocketServerManager : public QObject
{
Q_OBJECT
public:
explicit WebSocketServerManager(QString serverName,
QWebSocketServer::SslMode secureMode = QWebSocketServer::NonSecureMode,
QObject *parent = 0);
~WebSocketServerManager();
public:
bool running() const;
}
6、在該類中添加槽函數成員以及私有變量:如服務開啓,服務停止,服務關閉等
public slots:
void slot_start(QHostAddress hostAddress = QHostAddress(QHostAddress::Any), qint32 port = 10080);
void slot_stop();
void slot_sendData(QString ip, qint32 port, QString message);
protected slots:
void slot_newConnection();
void slot_serverError(QWebSocketProtocol::CloseCode closeCode);
void slot_closed();
protected slots:
void slot_disconnected();
void slot_error(QAbstractSocket::SocketError error);
void slot_textFrameReceived(const QString &frame, bool isLastFrame);
void slot_textMessageReceived(const QString &message);
private:
QString _serverName;
QWebSocketServer::SslMode _sslMode;
bool _running;
QWebSocketServer *_pWebSocketServer;
QHash<QString, QWebSocket*> _hashIpPort2PWebSocket;
QHostAddress _listenHostAddress;
qint32 _listenPort;
主要關鍵代碼分析:
1、服務開啓
void WebSocketServerManager::slot_start(QHostAddress hostAddress, qint32 port)
{
if(_running) //如果服務已經開啓
{
qDebug() << __FILE__ << __LINE__
<< "Failed to" << __FUNCTION__ << "it's already running...";
return;
}
if(!_pWebSocketServer) //如果沒有服務,則創建服務
{
_pWebSocketServer = new QWebSocketServer(_serverName, _sslMode, 0);
connect(_pWebSocketServer, SIGNAL(newConnection()), this, SLOT(slot_newConnection()));
connect(_pWebSocketServer, SIGNAL(closed()), this, SLOT(slot_closed()));
connect(_pWebSocketServer, SIGNAL(serverError(QWebSocketProtocol::CloseCode)),
this , SLOT(slot_serverError(QWebSocketProtocol::CloseCode)));
}
_listenHostAddress = hostAddress;
_listenPort = port;
//開啓偵聽
_pWebSocketServer->listen(_listenHostAddress, _listenPort);
//更新標誌狀態
_running = true;
}
2、服務停止:
void WebSocketServerManager::slot_stop()
{
if(!_running)
{
qDebug() << __FILE__ << __LINE__
<< "Failed to" << __FUNCTION__
<< ", it's not running...";
return;
}
else
{
qDebug() << __FILE__ << __LINE__
<< "connect to" << __FUNCTION__
<< ", it's running...";
}
_running = false;
_pWebSocketServer->close();
}
注意:Qt 有一項很重要的調試工具qDebug(), 而且可以指定文件到行和函數體。
3、向指定客戶端發送數據
void WebSocketServerManager::slot_sendData(QString ip, qint32 port, QString message)
{
QString key = QString("%1-%2").arg(ip).arg(port);
if(_hashIpPort2PWebSocket.contains(key))
{
_hashIpPort2PWebSocket.value(key)->sendTextMessage(message);
}
}
注意到這裏使用了容器,這使得我們更方便管理客戶端。
4、響應新接入的客戶端
void WebSocketServerManager::slot_newConnection()
{
QWebSocket *pWebSocket = _pWebSocketServer->nextPendingConnection();
connect(pWebSocket, SIGNAL(disconnected()), this, SLOT(slot_disconnected()));
connect(pWebSocket, SIGNAL(error(QAbstractSocket::SocketError)),
this , SLOT(slot_error(QAbstractSocket::SocketError)));
// 既會觸發frame接收也會觸發message接收
// connect(pWebSocket, SIGNAL(textFrameReceived(QString,bool)),
// this , SLOT(slot_textFrameReceived(QString,bool)));
connect(pWebSocket, SIGNAL(textMessageReceived(QString)),
this , SLOT(slot_textMessageReceived(QString)));
_hashIpPort2PWebSocket.insert(QString("%1-%2").arg(pWebSocket->peerAddress().toString())
.arg(pWebSocket->peerPort()),
pWebSocket);
qDebug() << __FILE__ << __LINE__ << pWebSocket->peerAddress().toString() << pWebSocket->peerPort();
emit signal_conncted(pWebSocket->peerAddress().toString(), pWebSocket->peerPort());
}
5、關閉所有的客戶端
遍歷當前客戶端,逐一關閉。
void WebSocketServerManager::slot_closed()
{
QList<QWebSocket *> _listWebSocket = _hashIpPort2PWebSocket.values();
for(int index = 0; index < _listWebSocket.size(); index++)
{
_listWebSocket.at(index)->close();
}
_hashIpPort2PWebSocket.clear();
emit signal_close();
}
6、斷開其中與某個客戶端的連接
void WebSocketServerManager::slot_disconnected()
{
qDebug() << __FILE__ << __LINE__ << __FUNCTION__;
QWebSocket *pWebSocket = dynamic_cast<QWebSocket *>(sender());
if(!pWebSocket)
{
return;
}
qDebug() << __FILE__ << __LINE__ << __FUNCTION__;
emit signal_disconncted(pWebSocket->peerAddress().toString(), pWebSocket->peerPort());
_hashIpPort2PWebSocket.remove(QString("%1-%2").arg(pWebSocket->peerAddress().toString())
.arg(pWebSocket->peerPort()));
}
7、接收客戶端的數據
void WebSocketServerManager::slot_textFrameReceived(const QString &frame, bool isLastFrame)
{
QWebSocket *pWebSocket = dynamic_cast<QWebSocket *>(sender());
if(!pWebSocket)
{
return;
}
qDebug() << __FILE__ << __LINE__ << frame << isLastFrame;
emit signal_textFrameReceived(pWebSocket->peerAddress().toString(), pWebSocket->peerPort(), frame, isLastFrame);
}
void WebSocketServerManager::slot_textMessageReceived(const QString &message)
{
QWebSocket *pWebSocket = dynamic_cast<QWebSocket *>(sender());
if(!pWebSocket)
{
return;
}
emit signal_textMessageReceived(pWebSocket->peerAddress().toString(), pWebSocket->peerPort(), message);
}
8、異常的處理
void WebSocketServerManager::slot_serverError(QWebSocketProtocol::CloseCode closeCode)
{
QWebSocket *pWebSocket = dynamic_cast<QWebSocket *>(sender());
if(!pWebSocket)
{
return;
}
emit signal_error(pWebSocket->peerAddress().toString(), pWebSocket->peerPort(), _pWebSocketServer->errorString());
}
void WebSocketServerManager::slot_error(QAbstractSocket::SocketError error)
{
QWebSocket *pWebSocket = dynamic_cast<QWebSocket *>(sender());
if(!pWebSocket)
{
return;
}
emit signal_error(pWebSocket->peerAddress().toString(), pWebSocket->peerPort(), pWebSocket->errorString());
}
9、最後在類頭文件添加相關信號,供其他對象關聯調用。
void signal_conncted(QString ip, qint32 port);
void signal_disconncted(QString ip, qint32 port);
void signal_sendTextMessageResult(QString ip, quint32 port, bool result);
void signal_sendBinaryMessageResult(QString ip, quint32 port, bool result);
void signal_error(QString ip, quint32 port, QString errorString);
void signal_textFrameReceived(QString ip, quint32 port, QString frame, bool isLastFrame);
void signal_textMessageReceived(QString ip, quint32 port,QString message);
void signal_close();
10、窗體的實現:
佈局一個窗體,將窗體中的控件與類對象WebSocketServerManager關聯。
webSocketServerWidget::webSocketServerWidget(QWidget *parent) :
QWidget(parent),
ui(new Ui::webSocketServerWidget)
{
ui->setupUi(this);
setWindowTitle("WebSocket服務端Demo v1.0.0 ");
ui->pushButton_listen->setEnabled(true);
ui->pushButton_stop->setEnabled(false);
ui->pushButton_send->setEnabled(false);
_pWebSocketServerManager = new WebSocketServerManager("Test");
connect(_pWebSocketServerManager, SIGNAL(signal_conncted(QString,qint32)),
this , SLOT(slot_conncted(QString,qint32)));
connect(_pWebSocketServerManager, SIGNAL(signal_disconncted(QString,qint32)),
this , SLOT(slot_disconncted(QString,qint32)));
connect(_pWebSocketServerManager, SIGNAL(signal_error(QString,quint32,QString)),
this , SLOT(slot_error(QString,quint32,QString)));
connect(_pWebSocketServerManager, SIGNAL(signal_textFrameReceived(QString,quint32,QString,bool)),
this , SLOT(slot_textFrameReceived(QString,quint32,QString,bool)));
connect(_pWebSocketServerManager, SIGNAL(signal_textMessageReceived(QString,quint32,QString)),
this , SLOT(slot_textMessageReceived(QString,quint32,QString)));
ui->lineEdit_ip->setText(getLocalIp());
}
webSocketServerWidget::~webSocketServerWidget()
{
delete ui;
}
void webSocketServerWidget::slot_conncted(QString ip, qint32 port)
{
_strList << QString("%1-%2").arg(ip).arg(port);
_hashIpPort2Message.insert(QString("%1-%2").arg(ip).arg(port), QString());
_model.setStringList(_strList);
ui->listView_ipPort->setModel(&_model);
if(_strList.size() == 1)
{
ui->listView_ipPort->setCurrentIndex(_model.index(0));
}
}
void webSocketServerWidget::slot_disconncted(QString ip, qint32 port)
{
QString str = QString("%1-%2").arg(ip).arg(port);
if(_strList.contains(str))
{
_strList.removeOne(str);
_model.setStringList(_strList);
ui->listView_ipPort->setModel(&_model);
updateTextEdit();
}
}
void webSocketServerWidget::slot_sendTextMessageResult(QString ip, quint32 port, bool result)
{
}
void webSocketServerWidget::slot_sendBinaryMessageResult(QString ip, quint32 port, bool result)
{
}
void webSocketServerWidget::slot_error(QString ip, quint32 port, QString errorString)
{
}
void webSocketServerWidget::slot_textFrameReceived(QString ip, quint32 port, QString frame, bool isLastFrame)
{
if(_hashIpPort2Message.contains(QString("%1-%2").arg(ip).arg(port)))
{
_hashIpPort2Message[QString("%1-%2").arg(ip).arg(port)]
= _hashIpPort2Message[QString("%1-%2").arg(ip).arg(port)] +
(_hashIpPort2Message[QString("%1-%2").arg(ip).arg(port)].size() == 0 ? "" :"\n") +
QDateTime::currentDateTime().toString("yyyy-HH-mm hh:MM:ss:zzz") + "\n" + frame;
}
updateTextEdit();
}
void webSocketServerWidget::slot_textMessageReceived(QString ip, quint32 port, QString message)
{
qDebug() << __FILE__ << __LINE__ << message;
if(_hashIpPort2Message.contains(QString("%1-%2").arg(ip).arg(port)))
{
_hashIpPort2Message[QString("%1-%2").arg(ip).arg(port)]
= _hashIpPort2Message[QString("%1-%2").arg(ip).arg(port)] +
(_hashIpPort2Message[QString("%1-%2").arg(ip).arg(port)].size() == 0 ? "" :"\n") +
QDateTime::currentDateTime().toString("yyyy-HH-mm hh:MM:ss:zzz") + "\n" + message;
}
updateTextEdit();
}
void webSocketServerWidget::slot_close()
{
_pWebSocketServerManager->slot_stop();
_strList.clear();
_model.setStringList(_strList);
ui->listView_ipPort->setModel(&_model);
ui->textEdit_recv->clear();
}
void webSocketServerWidget::updateTextEdit()
{
int row = ui->listView_ipPort->currentIndex().row();
if(row < 0)
{
ui->textEdit_recv->setText("");
return;
}
if(_hashIpPort2Message.contains(_strList.at(row)))
{
ui->textEdit_recv->setText(_hashIpPort2Message.value(_strList.at(row)));
}
}
QString webSocketServerWidget::getLocalIp()
{
QString localIp;
QList<QHostAddress> list = QNetworkInterface::allAddresses();
for(int index = 0; index < list.size(); index++)
{
if(list.at(index).protocol() == QAbstractSocket::IPv4Protocol)
{
//IPv4地址
if (list.at(index).toString().contains("127.0."))
{
continue;
}
localIp = list.at(index).toString();
break;
}
}
return localIp;
}
void webSocketServerWidget::on_pushButton_listen_clicked()
{
_pWebSocketServerManager->slot_start(QHostAddress::Any, ui->spinBox->value());
ui->pushButton_listen->setEnabled(false);
ui->pushButton_stop->setEnabled(true);
ui->pushButton_send->setEnabled(true);
}
void webSocketServerWidget::on_pushButton_stop_clicked()
{
_pWebSocketServerManager->slot_stop();
ui->pushButton_listen->setEnabled(true);
ui->pushButton_stop->setEnabled(false);
ui->pushButton_send->setEnabled(false);
}
void webSocketServerWidget::on_listView_ipPort_clicked(const QModelIndex &index)
{
updateTextEdit();
}
void webSocketServerWidget::on_pushButton_send_clicked()
{
int row = ui->listView_ipPort->currentIndex().row();
if(_hashIpPort2Message.contains(_strList.at(row)))
{
QString str = _strList.at(row);
QStringList strlist = str.split("-");
if(strlist.size() == 2)
{
_pWebSocketServerManager->slot_sendData(strlist.at(0),
strlist.at(1).toInt(),
ui->textEdit_send->toPlainText());
}
}
}
總結:
1、該示例代碼簡單實現了webSocketServer的創建。但是並沒有用到多線程的技術,所以對併發處理不不適合。
2、本示例對數據處理,和錯誤事件並沒有很好的解析,這需要後續實現。