Android Selector选择器的使用

Android selector选择器可以让你切换自定义的背景风格,比如button、ListView、或者布局点击时候的背景切换等,都需要用到它

我们都知道,android控件的背景可以是自定义到颜色,或者图片资源,其实它也可以是一个xml:

首先需要在你的res目录下创建drawable文件夹,然后在里面创建一个selector文件,如myselector.xml

:不知为什么,selector里面有关focus的东西在真机上没什么效果,反而会影响使用,比如android:state_focus="true",加上它就没有效果,去掉它就可以正常使用了

默认情况下直接用下面的布局即可实现点击后即可切换背景,其实只需要两个item标签即可,当然,item标签内部可以用shape标签自定义不同的风格

例子1:button点击效果

<?xml version="1.0"encoding="utf-8"?>

<selectorxmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" >

   <item

       android:state_pressed="true"

       android:drawable="@drawable/button_pressed"

       ></item>

   <item

       android:drawable="@drawable/button_normal"

       ></item>

</selector>

 

res/layout/main.xml

<?xml version="1.0"encoding="utf-8"?>

<LinearLayoutxmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"

   android:layout_width="fill_parent"

   android:layout_height="fill_parent"

   android:orientation="vertical" >

   <Button

       android:id="@+id/test"

       android:layout_width="fill_parent"

       android:layout_height="wrap_content"

       android:background="@drawable/myselectr"

       android:text="Go Home"

       />

</LinearLayout>

 运行效果:

这是正常情况

 

这是点击后的效果

 当然,针对button的selector还有很多其他的配置,但是对于一般程序来说上面的配置就够了

 

例子2:TextView点击效果

 

这个例子是网上找的,演示的是一个用TextView来定义的一个Button,实现类似TabWidget风格的选项卡。

自定义按钮,这里没有通过Button类或者子类去做派生,而是通过TextView派生出来的。

 在这里三个按钮是三个TextView派生类实例,中间的白线,是1px宽的白色矩形,这样就可以做出类似上面的效果。先看图

点击后:

/res/drawable/background_color.xml 用shape标签自定义一个渐变背景

<?xml version="1.0"encoding="utf-8"?>

<shapexmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" >

   <gradient

       android:startColor="#FFFFFFFF"

       android:endColor="#FFFFFFFF"

       android:angle="270.0"

       android:centerY="0.3"

       android:centerColor="#FFBDBDBD"

       />

</shape>

 

/res/drawable/button_color.xml

<?xml version="1.0"encoding="utf-8"?>

<shapexmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" >

   <gradient

       android:startColor="#FF7F7F7F"

       android:endColor="#FF000000"

       android:angle="270.0"

       />

</shape>

 

<?xml version="1.0"encoding="utf-8"?>

<selectorxmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"

   android:constantSize="true">

    <!-- 获得焦点时的背景图片 -->

   <item android:state_focused="true">

       <shape>

           <gradient

               android:startColor="#FFE5CF33"

               android:endColor="#FFF1E7A2"

                android:angle="90.0"

                />

       </shape>

   </item>

   <!-- 设置相应所有事件 -->

   <item android:state_enabled="true"android:state_pressed="false">

       <shape>

           <gradient

               android:startColor="#FF1B1B1B"

               android:endColor="#FF969696"

                android:angle="90.0"

                />

       </shape>

   </item>

   <!-- 按钮点击时的背景 -->

   <item android:state_enabled="true"android:state_pressed="true">

       <shape>

           <gradient

               android:startColor="#FF000000"

               android:endColor="#FF474747"

                android:angle="90.0"

                />

       </shape>

   </item>

   <item android:state_enabled="false"android:state_pressed="true">

       <shape>

           <gradient

                android:startColor="#FF000000"

               android:endColor="#FF474747"

                android:angle="90.0"

                />

       </shape>

   </item>

   <!-- 默认情况下的背景 -->

   <item>

       <shape>

           <gradient

                android:startColor="#FF000000"

               android:endColor="#FF474747"

                android:angle="90.0"

                />

       </shape>

   </item>

</selector>

 

res/drawable/button_selector.xml

<?xml version="1.0"encoding="utf-8"?>

<selector xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"

   android:constantSize="true">

   <!-- 获得焦点时的背景图片 -->

   <item android:state_focused="true">

       <shape>

           <gradient

               android:startColor="#FFE5CF33"

                android:endColor="#FFF1E7A2"

                android:angle="90.0"

                />

       </shape>

   </item>

   <!-- 设置相应所有事件 -->

   <item android:state_enabled="true"android:state_pressed="false">

       <shape>

           <gradient

                android:startColor="#FF1B1B1B"

               android:endColor="#FF969696"

                android:angle="90.0"

                />

       </shape>

   </item>

   <!-- 按钮点击时的背景 -->

   <item android:state_enabled="true"android:state_pressed="true">

        <shape>

           <gradient

               android:startColor="#FF000000"

               android:endColor="#FF474747"

                android:angle="90.0"

                />

       </shape>

   </item>

   <item android:state_enabled="false" android:state_pressed="true">

       <shape>

           <gradient

               android:startColor="#FF000000"

               android:endColor="#FF474747"

                android:angle="90.0"

                />

       </shape>

   </item>

   <!-- 默认情况下的背景 -->

   <item>

       <shape>

           <gradient

               android:startColor="#FF000000"

               android:endColor="#FF474747"

                android:angle="90.0"

                />

       </shape>

   </item>

</selector>

 

res/layout/main.xml,这个是主布局,由自定义的Button和1px的白色矩形组成

<?xml version="1.0"encoding="utf-8"?>

<LinearLayoutxmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"

   android:layout_width="fill_parent"

   android:layout_height="fill_parent"

   android:background="@drawable/background_color"

   android:orientation="vertical" >

 

   <LinearLayout

       android:layout_width="fill_parent"

       android:layout_height="10dip"

       />

   <LinearLayout

       android:layout_width="fill_parent"

       android:layout_height="40dip"

       >

       <com.loulijun.demo02.TextButton

           android:layout_width="fill_parent"

           android:layout_height="fill_parent"

           android:layout_weight="1"

           android:text="饮食"

           android:gravity="center"

           android:background="@drawable/button_selector"

           android:focusable="true"

           android:clickable="true"

           />

       <View android:layout_width="2px"android:layout_height="fill_parent"

           android:background="#FFFFFFFF"/>

       <com.loulijun.demo02.TextButton

           android:layout_width="fill_parent"

           android:layout_height="fill_parent"

           android:layout_weight="1"

           android:text="旅行"

           android:gravity="center"

           android:background="@drawable/button_selector"

           android:focusable="true"

           android:clickable="true"

           />

       <View android:layout_width="2px"android:layout_height="fill_parent"

           android:background="#FFFFFFFF"/>

       <com.loulijun.demo02.TextButton

           android:layout_width="fill_parent"

           android:layout_height="fill_parent"

           android:layout_weight="1"

           android:text="体育"

           android:gravity="center"

           android:background="@drawable/button_selector"

           android:focusable="true"

           android:clickable="true"

           />

   </LinearLayout>

</LinearLayout>

 

 

继承自TextView的自定义Button

package com.loulijun.demo02;

import android.content.Context;

import android.util.AttributeSet;

import android.view.MotionEvent;

import android.view.View;

import android.widget.TextView;

import android.widget.Toast;

public class TextButton extends TextView {

    publicTextButton(Context context)

    {

       super(context);

    }

   public TextButton(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyle)

    {

       super(context,attrs,defStyle);

    }

   public TextButton(final Context context, AttributeSet attrs)

    {

       this(context,attrs,0);

       this.setOnTouchListener(new OnTouchListener()

       {

           @Override

           public boolean onTouch(View v, MotionEvent event) {

               if(event.getAction()==MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL

                       ||event.getAction()==MotionEvent.ACTION_UP

                       ||event.getAction()==MotionEvent.ACTION_OUTSIDE)

                {

                    Toast.makeText(context,"hello", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();

                }

                return false;

           }

           

       });

    }

}

 

主程序

package com.loulijun.demo02;

import android.app.Activity;

import android.os.Bundle;

public class Demo02Activity extendsActivity {

   /** Called when the activity is first created. */

   @Override

   public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

       super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

       setContentView(R.layout.main);

    }

}

 


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