問題描述
使用 SQLAlchemy 的混合屬性進行查詢時報錯： TypeError: Python 'method' cannot be converted to a MySQL type
user.sql
SET NAMES utf8mb4;
SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 0;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `user`;
CREATE TABLE `user` (
`id` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NOT NULL,
`name` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE = InnoDB CHARACTER SET = utf8 COLLATE = utf8_general_ci ROW_FORMAT = Dynamic;
INSERT INTO `user` VALUES ('1', 'a');
INSERT INTO `user` VALUES ('2', 'b');
INSERT INTO `user` VALUES ('3', 'c');
SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 1;
password.sql
SET NAMES utf8mb4;
SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 0;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `password`;
CREATE TABLE `password` (
`id` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NOT NULL,
`password` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE = InnoDB CHARACTER SET = utf8 COLLATE = utf8_general_ci ROW_FORMAT = Dynamic;
INSERT INTO `password` VALUES ('84a516841ba77a5b4648de2cd0dfcb30ea46dbb4', 'abc123');
INSERT INTO `password` VALUES ('86f7e437faa5a7fce15d1ddcb9eaeaea377667b8', '123456');
INSERT INTO `password` VALUES ('e9d71f5ee7c92d6dc9e92ffdad17b8bd49418f98', 'abcdef');
SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 1;
password.id 是 user.name hash後的結果
test.py
import hashlib
from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker
from sqlalchemy import Column, String, create_engine
from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base
from sqlalchemy.ext.hybrid import hybrid_property, hybrid_method
Base = declarative_base()
class User(Base):
__tablename__ = 'user'
id = Column(String(20), primary_key=True)
name = Column(String(20))
@hybrid_property
def hash(self):
# return '86f7e437faa5a7fce15d1ddcb9eaeaea377667b8'
return hashlib.sha1(bytes(self.name, encoding='utf-8')).hexdigest()
@hybrid_method
def hash(self):
return hashlib.sha1(bytes(self.name, encoding='utf-8')).hexdigest() # 該方法一定得可轉爲SQL的方法
class Password(Base):
__tablename__ = 'password' # 表名
id = Column(String(20), primary_key=True)
password = Column(String(20))
def __repr__(self):
return '{} {}'.format(self.id, self.password)
engine = create_engine('mysql+mysqlconnector://root:123456@localhost:3306/test') # 用戶名root，口令123456
DBSession = sessionmaker(bind=engine)
session = DBSession()
# 這樣不行
print(session.query(Password).join(User, Password.id == User.hash).filter(User.id == '1').one())
# 這樣也不行
# stmt = session.query(User).filter(User.id == '1').subquery()
# print(session.query(Password).filter(Password.id == stmt.hash).one())
session.close()
解決方案
SQLAlchemy對混合屬性進行Python操作，其Python操作必須在SQL中，否則會報該錯誤
因此本人覺得只能分開查詢，因爲hash操作是Python層面的東西，很難轉換到SQL
import hashlib
from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker
from sqlalchemy import Column, String, create_engine
from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base
from sqlalchemy.ext.hybrid import hybrid_property, hybrid_method
Base = declarative_base()
class User(Base):
__tablename__ = 'user'
id = Column(String(20), primary_key=True)
name = Column(String(20))
@hybrid_property
def hash(self):
# return '86f7e437faa5a7fce15d1ddcb9eaeaea377667b8'
return hashlib.sha1(bytes(self.name, encoding='utf-8')).hexdigest()
class Password(Base):
__tablename__ = 'password' # 表名
id = Column(String(20), primary_key=True)
password = Column(String(20))
def __repr__(self):
return '{} {}'.format(self.id, self.password)
engine = create_engine('mysql+mysqlconnector://root:123456@localhost:3306/test') # 用戶名root，口令123456
DBSession = sessionmaker(bind=engine)
session = DBSession()
# 這樣不行
# print(session.query(Password).join(User, Password.id == User.hash).filter(User.id == '1').one())
# 這樣也不行
# stmt = session.query(User).filter(User.id == '1').subquery()
# print(session.query(Password).filter(Password.id == stmt.hash).one())
# 分開查詢
user = session.query(User).filter(User.id == '1').one()
hash = user.hash
password = session.query(Password).filter(Password.id == hash).one()
print(password)
session.close()