python-flask(三)

連接數據庫

sqlalchemy

1. 數據庫驅動：
   pip install pymysql
   或者
   pip install sql-connector
   
2. 在flask虛擬環境中安裝sqlalchemy
   pip install flask-sqlalchemy
   默認安裝：Successfully installed SQLAlchemy-1.3.8 flask-sqlalchemy-2.4.0

settings.py
class Config:
    DEBUG = False
    TESTING = False
    # mysql+pymysql://user:password@host:port/database
    # SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI = 'mysql+pymysql://gjp:[email protected]:3306/test'
    SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI = 'mysql+mysqlconnector://root:[email protected]:3306/mydb'
    SQLALCHEMY_TRACK_MODIFICATIONS = True

3. 安裝：
   pip install flask-script

a. 設置服務器
原來： python app.py
python app.py runserver -h host -p port ----> 使用腳本命令的方式控制服務器啓動

b. 控制sqlachemy數據庫
pip install flask-migrate
綁定命令到script上

      exts
      |-- __init__.py
            |
               db =SQLAlchemy()

      def create_app():
           app = Flask(__name__)
           ...
           db.init_app(app)

      migrate = Migrate(app=app,db=db)
      manager.add_command('命令名',MigrateCommand)

      使用命令: db
      python app.py db init   ----------> 產生一個文件夾  migrations
                                    此文件中存在versions文件夾
                                    versions作用：
                                        保存你做出的各種更改
                                        xxxx.py
                                        xxxx.py

apps:__init__.py
from flask import Flask
from apps.views.blog_view import blog_bp
from exts import db
from settings import DevelopmentConfig

def create_app():
    app = Flask(__name__)
    app.config.from_object(DevelopmentConfig)
    db.init_app(app)
    # 註冊藍圖
    app.register_blueprint(blog_bp,url_prefix='/blog')
    return app

exits:__init__.py
from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy
db = SQLAlchemy()

app.py
from flask_migrate import MigrateCommand, Migrate
from flask_script import Manager
from apps.models.user_model import User
from apps import create_app
from exts import db

app = create_app()
manager = Manager(app)

# 創建數據庫命令
migrate = Migrate(app=app, db=db)  # db 就是SQLAlchemy對象
manager.add_command('db', MigrateCommand)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    # app.run()
    manager.run()

apps:models:user_models.py
from exts import db

# db 就是SQLAlchemy
class User(db.Model):
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)
    username = db.Column(db.String(10), nullable=False)
    password = db.Column(db.String(10), nullable=False)
    phone = db.Column(db.String(11), nullable=False, unique=True)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.username

步驟：

1. 創建app
2. 創建SQLAlchemy並綁定app
3. 創建manager並且綁定migrate
4. Templates+view+Blueprint

import hashlib
from flask import Blueprint, render_template, request, redirect, url_for
from sqlalchemy import or_
from apps.models.blog_model import User
from exts import db

blog_bp = Blueprint('blog', __name__, url_prefix='/blog')

# 首頁
@blog_bp.route('/', endpoint='index')
def index():
    return render_template('index.html')

# 用戶更新
@blog_bp.route('/update', endpoint='update', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def user_update():
    if request.method == 'GET':
        id = request.args.get('id')
        user = User.query.get(id)  # 要更新的用戶對象
        return render_template('update.html', user=user)
    else:
        id = request.form.get('id')
        username = request.form.get('username')
        phone = request.form.get('phone')
        isdelete = request.form.get('isdelete')

        user = User.query.get(id)  # 要更新的用戶對象
        user.username = username
        user.phone = phone
        # isdelete添加判斷

        db.session.commit()
        return redirect(url_for('blog.uall'))

# 用戶刪除
@blog_bp.route('/delete/<id>', endpoint='delete')
def user_delete(id):
    user = User.query.get(id)  # 根據主鍵查找對象
    # print(user)
    # db.session.delete(user)  # 物理刪除
    user.isdelete = True
    db.session.commit()
    return redirect(url_for('blog.uall'))

# 用戶檢索
@blog_bp.route('/search', endpoint='search', methods=['POST'])
def user_search():
    search = request.form.get('search')
    if search:
        # users = User.query.filter(or_(User.username==search,
        #                       User.phone == search)).all()  # select * from user where username=search or phone=search
        # number = User.query.filter(or_(User.username==search,
        #                       User.phone == search)).count()
        users = User.query.filter(or_(User.username.like('%' + search + '%'), User.phone == search)).all()
        number = User.query.filter(or_(User.username.like(search), User.phone == search)).count()
        return render_template('user_all.html', users=users, number=number)
    else:
        return redirect(url_for('blog.index'))

# 顯示所有用戶
@blog_bp.route('/userall', endpoint='uall')
def user_all():
    # users = User.query.filter_by(isdelete=False).all()
    # users = User.query.filter(User.isdelete == False, User.phone.startswith('150')).order_by(-User.rdatetime)
    users = User.query.all()
    number = User.query.count()
    return render_template('user_all.html', users=users, number=number)

# 用戶登錄
@blog_bp.route('/login', endpoint='login', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def user_login():
    if request.method == 'POST':
        username = request.form.get('username')
        pwd1 = request.form.get('password1')
        pwd = hashlib.sha1(pwd1.encode('utf-8')).hexdigest()
        # 查詢
        user = User.query.filter_by(username=username).first()  # select * from user where username=xxxx
        if pwd == user.password:
            return '用戶登錄成功！'
        else:
            return render_template('login.html', msg='用戶名或者密碼有誤！')

    return render_template('login.html')

# 用戶註冊
@blog_bp.route('/register', endpoint='register', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def user_register():
    if request.method == 'POST':
        # 獲取表單提交的內容
        username = request.form.get('username')
        pwd1 = request.form.get('password1')
        pwd2 = request.form.get('password2')
        phone = request.form.get('phone')
        if pwd1 == pwd2:
            # 存放到數據庫
            pwd = hashlib.sha1(pwd1.encode('utf-8')).hexdigest()
            print(pwd)
            # 添加數據步驟:
            # 1. 創建模型對象
            user = User()
            # 2. 給對象賦值
            user.username = username
            user.password = pwd
            user.phone = phone
            # 3. 向數據庫提交數據
            db.session.add(user)
            db.session.commit()
            return redirect(url_for('blog.index'))

        else:
            return render_template('register.html', msg=' 密碼不一致')

    return render_template('register.html')

刪除和更新;

物理刪除：

1. 根據主鍵找到要刪除user對象
   user = User.query.get(id) # 根據主鍵查找對象
2. 利用db.session完成刪除操作
   db.session.delete(user)
3. 提交
   db.session.commit()

邏輯刪除：

1. 根據主鍵找到要刪除user對象
   user = User.query.get(id) # 根據主鍵查找對象
2. 更改isdelete
   user.isdelete=True
3. 提交更改
   db.session.commit()

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>{% block title %} 首頁 {% endblock %}</title>
    <script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/jquery/3.2.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
    <!-- 最新版本的 Bootstrap 核心 CSS 文件 -->
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/[email protected]/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css">
    <!-- 可選的 Bootstrap 主題文件（一般不用引入） -->
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/[email protected]/dist/css/bootstrap-theme.min.css">
    <!-- 最新的 Bootstrap 核心 JavaScript 文件 -->
    <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/[email protected]/dist/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
    {% block mycss %} {% endblock %}
</head>
<body>
<nav class="navbar navbar-default">
    <div class="container">
        <!-- Brand and toggle get grouped for better mobile display -->
        <div class="navbar-header">
            <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse"
                    data-target="#bs-example-navbar-collapse-1" aria-expanded="false">
                <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span>
                <span class="icon-bar"></span>
                <span class="icon-bar"></span>
                <span class="icon-bar"></span>
            </button>
            <a class="navbar-brand" href="#">python博客</a>
        </div>

        <!-- Collect the nav links, forms, and other content for toggling -->
        <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="bs-example-navbar-collapse-1">
            <ul class="nav navbar-nav">
                <li class="active"><a href="#">首頁 <span class="sr-only">(current)</span></a></li>
                <li><a href="#">發表博客</a></li>
                <li><a href="{{url_for('blog.uall')}}">顯示用戶</a></li>
            </ul>
            <form class="navbar-form navbar-left" action="{{url_for('blog.search')}}" method="post">
                <div class="form-group">
                    <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="輸入用戶名/手機號碼" name="search">
                </div>
                <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">搜索用戶</button>
            </form>
            <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">
                <li><a href="{{url_for('blog.login')}}">登錄</a></li>
                <li><a href="{{ url_for('blog.register') }}">註冊</a></li>
            </ul>
        </div><!-- /.navbar-collapse -->
    </div><!-- /.container-fluid -->
</nav>
{% block content %}  {% endblock %}

{% block myjs %}  {% endblock %}
</body>
</html>