Shardingsphere整合Atomikos对XA分布式事务的支持（1）

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Apache ShardingSphere 是一套开源的分布式数据库中间件解决方案组成的生态圈，它由 JDBC、Proxy 和 Sidecar（规划中）这 3 款相互独立，却又能够混合部署配合使用的产品组成。它们均提供标准化的数据分片、分布式事务和数据库治理功能，可适用于如 Java 同构、异构语言、云原生等各种多样化的应用场景。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"ShardingSphere 已于2020年4月16日成为 Apache 软件基金会的顶级项目。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"分布式系统CAP理论"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/f7\/28\/f79273yya895fae95e745eb6d8fc5a28.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":null,"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"一致性（Consistency）"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"一致性指 "},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"all nodes see the same data at the same time"}]},{"type":"text","text":"，即更新操作成功并返回客户端完成后，所有节点在同一时间的数据完全一致，不能存在中间状态。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"关于一致性，如果用户时刻看到的数据都是一致的，那么称之为强一致性。如果允许存在中间状态，只要求经过一段时间后，数据最终是一致的，则称之为最终一致性。此外，如果允许存在部分数据不一致，那么就称之为弱一致性"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"可用性（Availability）"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"可用性是指系统提供的服务必须一直处于可用的状态，对于用户的每一个操作请求总是能够在有限的时间内返回结果。"},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"有限的时间内是指"}]},{"type":"text","text":":对于用户的一个操作请求，系统必须能够在指定的时间内返回对应的处理结果，如果超过了这个时间范围，那么系统就被认为是不可用的。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"返回结果"}]},{"type":"text","text":"是可用性的另一个非常重要的指标，它要求系统在完成对用户请求的处理后，返回一个正常的响应结果，不论这个结果是成功还是失败。"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"分区容错性（Partition tolerance ）"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"布式系统在遇到任何网络分区故障的时候，仍然需要能够保证对外提供满足一致性和可用性的服务，除非是整个网络环境都发生了故障。"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"X\/Open DTP模型与XA规范"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"X\/Open，即现在的open group，是一个独立的组织，主要负责制定各种行业技术标准。官网地址：http:\/\/www.opengroup.org\/。X\/Open组织主要由各大知名公司或者厂商进行支持，这些组织不光遵循X\/Open组织定义的行业技术标准，也参与到标准的制定。下图展示了open group目前主要成员(官网截图)："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/62\/b9\/62c003487d5f82bab2dd509ebb9594b9.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":null,"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"DTP模型"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/95\/6d\/95c5a2356387700a06855fe96dfa126d.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":null,"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"应用程序(Application Program ，简称AP)：用于定义事务边界(即定义事务的开始和结束)，并且在事务边界内对资源进行操作。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"资源管理器(Resource Manager，简称RM,一般也称为事务参与者)：如数据库、文件系统等，并提供访问资源的方式。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"事务管理器(Transaction Manager ，简称TM，一般也称为事务协调者)：负责分配事务唯一标识，监控事务的执行进度，并负责事务的提交、回滚等。"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"XA规范"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/a1\/b7\/a1b6edc2726bc94d2f82078259cb50b7.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":null,"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"这里的接口规范特别多，我们只要来讲讲几个最重要的。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"xa_start"}]},{"type":"text","text":" : 在 "},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"RM"}]},{"type":"text","text":"端调用此接口开启一个"},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"XA"}]},{"type":"text","text":"事务，后面需要接上"},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"XID"}]},{"type":"text","text":" 作为参数。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"xa_end"}]},{"type":"text","text":" : 取消当前线程与事务的关联， 与 "},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"xa_start"}]},{"type":"text","text":"是配对使用。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"xa_prepare"}]},{"type":"text","text":" : 询问"},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"RM"}]},{"type":"text","text":" 是否已经准备好了提交事务。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"xa_commit"}]},{"type":"text","text":" : 通知"},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"RM"}]},{"type":"text","text":" 提交事务分支。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"xa_rollback"}]},{"type":"text","text":" : 通知 "},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"RM"}]},{"type":"text","text":" 提交回滚事务分支。"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"XA二阶段提交"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"阶段一"}]},{"type":"text","text":" ：TM通知各个RM准备提交它们的事务分支。如果RM判断自己进行的工作可以被提交，那就就对工作内容进行持久化，再给TM肯定答复；要是发生了其他情况，那给TM的都是否定答复。在发送了否定答复并回滚了已经的工作后，RM就可以丢弃这个事务分支信息。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"阶段二"}]},{"type":"text","text":" ：TM根据阶段1各个RM prepare的结果，决定是提交还是回滚事务。如果所有的RM都prepare成功，那么TM通知所有的RM进行提交；如果有RM prepare失败的话，则TM通知所有RM回滚自己的事务分支。"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"MySQL对XA协议的支持"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"MySQL"}]},{"type":"text","text":" 从"},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"5.0.3"}]},{"type":"text","text":"开始支持XA分布式事务，且只有"},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"InnoDB"}]},{"type":"text","text":"存储引擎支持XA事务。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"MySQL"}]},{"type":"text","text":" 在"},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"DTP"}]},{"type":"text","text":"模型中也是属于资源管理器"},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"RM"}]},{"type":"text","text":"。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"MySQL XA 事务的 SQL语法"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"codeblock","attrs":{"lang":"text"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"XA START xid \/\/开启XA事务，xid是一个唯一值，表示事务分支标识符\nXA END xid \/\/结束一个XA事务，\nXA PREPARE xid 准备提交\nXA COMMIT xid [ONE PHASE] \/\/提交事务。两阶段提交协议中，如果只有一个RM参与，那么可以优化为一阶段提交\nXA ROLLBACK xid \/\/回滚\nXA RECOVER [CONVERT XID] \/\/列出所有处于PREPARE阶段的XA事务\n"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"MySQL xid详解"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"mysql中使用xid来作为一个事务分支的标识符。通过C语言进行描述，如下："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"codeblock","attrs":{"lang":"text"},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"\/∗\n∗ Transaction branch identification: XID and NULLXID:\n∗\/\n#define XIDDATASIZE 128 \/∗ size in bytes ∗\/\n#define MAXGTRIDSIZE 64 \/∗ maximum size in bytes of gtrid ∗\/\n#define MAXBQUALSIZE 64 \/∗ maximum size in bytes of bqual ∗\/\nstruct xid_t {\n long formatID; \/* format identifier *\/\n long gtrid_length; \/* value 1-64 *\/\n long bqual_length; \/* value 1-64 *\/\n char data[XIDDATASIZE];\n };\n\/∗\n∗ A value of -1 in formatID means that the XID is null.\n∗\/\ntypedef struct xid_t XID;\n\/∗\n∗ Declarations of routines by which RMs call TMs:\n∗\/\nextern int ax_reg(int, XID ∗, long);\nextern int ax_unreg(int, long);\n"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"gtrid"}]},{"type":"text","text":" ：全局事务标识符(global transaction identifier)，最大不能超过64字节。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"bqual"}]},{"type":"text","text":" ：分支限定符(branch qualifier)，最大不能超过64字节。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"formatId"}]},{"type":"text","text":"：记录gtrid、bqual的格式，类似于memcached中flags字段的作用。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"data"}]},{"type":"text","text":" ：xid的值，其是 gtrid和bqual拼接后的内容。"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"MySQL XA事务状态"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/fd\/4d\/fd0yyc12b7a02c19b5b5c0b03e21744d.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":null,"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"JTA规范"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}}]}