谈谈持续集成、持续交付和持续部署三者究竟是什么，有何联系和区别呢！

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-> 构建 -> 集成 -> 测试 -> 交付 -> 部署","attrs":{}}]}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"正如你在上图中看到，","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"持续集成（Continuous Integration）","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"、**持续交付（Continuous Delivery）","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"和","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"持续部署（Continuous Deployment）**有着不同的软件自动化交付周期。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"一、持续集成","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"持续集成是指软件个人研发的部分向软件整体部分交付，频繁进行集成以便更快地发现其中的错误。“持续集成”源自于极限编程（XP），是 XP 最初的 12 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需要具备这些：","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"全面的自动化测试。这是实践持续集成&持续部署的基础，同时，选择合适的自动化测试工具也极其重要；","attrs":{}}]}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"listitem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"灵活的基础设施。容器，虚拟机的存在让开发人员和 QA 人员不必再大费周折；","attrs":{}}]}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"listitem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"版本控制工具。如 Git，CVS，SVN 等；","attrs":{}}]}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"listitem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"自动化的构建和软件发布流程的工具，如 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Hosted CI 指的是将软件部署在公司的机房或内网中，需要提供多台服务器来完成 CI系统的运转，同时需要对不同机器之间进行环境配置。比如Maven 或 Gradle 或 Jenkins，他们的特点是自由开源，且文档支持广泛。优点在于对构建环境有完全的控制权，能够实现完全定制。但需要搭建环境和配置、维护成本高，需要买专门的机器，花费较多人力物力且更新迁移风险高；","attrs":{}}]}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"listitem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Hosted CI 指的是由 SaaS 型的 CI 服务，全程在线进行构建配置，不需要考虑装机器，装软件，环境搭建等成本。常见的有CircleCI，Codeship 和 TravisCI 等，还有国内最新的持续集成服务——flow.ci 。SaaS 型的 CI的特点在于无需额外机器，几分钟就可以用起来。可以根据你的需要动态调度资源。省时，省心，省力。","attrs":{}}]}],"attrs":{}}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"整体而言，Jenkins 过去一直是大部分公司的选择，但这个现象正在发生改变，随着公有云服务、Docker，SaaS 的普及，越来越多的企业开始选择 Hosted CI，也就是托管型持续集成系统。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"另外，在选择合适的持续集成服务时，还需要考量系统的灵活度以适应公司不同阶段的开发测试需求。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"选择持续集成系统只是持续集成应用的其中一步，还需要建立合适的持续集成文化比如代码质量管控、测试文化等。做好持续集成，可为持续交付与持续部署打好坚实基础。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"二、持续交付","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"持续交付在持续集成的基础上，将集成后的代码部署到更贴近真实运行环境的「类生产环境」（production-like 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环境中进行更多的自动化测试。如果代码没有问题，可以继续手动部署到生产环境中。当然，持续交付并不是指软件每一个改动都要尽快部署到产品环境中，它指的是任何的代码修改都可以在任何时候实施部署。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"(1)持续交付的好处","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"持续交付和持续集成的优点非常相似：","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"快速发布。能够应对业务需求，并更快地实现软件价值。","attrs":{}}]}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"listitem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"编码->测试->上线->交付的频繁迭代周期缩短，同时获得迅速反馈；","attrs":{}}]}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"listitem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"高质量的软件发布标准。整个交付过程标准化、可重复、可靠，整个交付过程进度可视化，方便团队人员了解项目成熟度；","attrs":{}}]}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"listitem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"更先进的团队协作方式。从需求分析、产品的用户体验到交互 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QA 环境、各种自动化测试运行环境、生产环境等。这些环境的搭建、配置、管理，产品在不同环 境中的具体部署，状况是比较非常复杂的，从头到尾地全自动持续部署的确困难。那么，如果能做到持续交付，保证代码在模拟环境没问题，也许团队成员做到真正的心理有数。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"(2)持续部署的优点","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"持续部署主要好处是，可以相对独立地部署新的功能，并能快速地收集真实用户的反馈。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“You build it, you run it”，这是 Amazon 一年可以完成 5000 万次部署，平均每个工程师每天部署超过 50次的核心秘籍。","attrs":{}}]}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"持续集成（Continuous Integration）、持续交付（Continuous Delivery）和持续部署（Continuous Deployment）提供了一个优秀的 DevOps 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