上線2年，日調用量7億次，雲開發憑什麼？

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"十年前，誰也沒想到，騰訊會在雲端如火如荼。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"過去 20 年，騰訊在消費互聯網領域打下了堅實的基礎，擁有國內最大的 C 端用戶平臺和最豐富的用戶場景。十年前，騰訊正式開始 ToB 之路。2018 年 9 月，騰訊宣佈啓動新一輪的架構調整和戰略升級，在深耕消費互聯網的同時，決定要以“C2B”模式進軍產業互聯網。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"ToC 核心是流量，ToB 核心是雲，在騰訊 C2B 架構中，一端靠微信、QQ 等產品連接十幾億用戶，一端靠技術服務連接 B 端企業。C 與 B 之間的信息流通效率、速度和寬度，與企業業務價值的實現環環相扣。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"最典型的產品形態，是近兩年興起的小程序，它藉助微信迅速擴大規模，實現了微信用戶與商家的連接，比如疫情期間的健康碼、第七次全國人口普查的“微信人口普查小程序”等。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"而云開發站在 C 與 B 的通道上，爲小程序開發提供了完整的雲端支持。一方面，雲開發集成了微信生態能力，包括小程序、小遊戲、公衆號、微信開放能力、微信支付和微信廣告。另一方面，雲開發整合了騰訊雲的雲數據庫、雲存儲、雲函數等基礎能力，以及豐富的拓展能力，方便開發者快速調用雲上能力。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":"center","origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"size","attrs":{"size":18}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"不僅僅是一個平臺"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"雲開發的出現只有 2 年多，但已經有 100 萬開發者在使用，平臺每日調用量超過 7 億次。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"因今年疫情，線下多種場景需要登記，且大多是接觸式登記，爲了避免接觸風險。獨立開發者陳宇明做了一款「羣登記助手」，實現零接觸的雲登記。這款小程序從 0 到 1 耗時 3 天，9 個月迭代 40 多次，已累計近 600 萬次登記，訪問量數千萬次。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"上海潮辦信息科技也是一個不到 10 人的初創團隊，用雲開發快速開發上線了 2 款小程序，並經過半年的打磨與運營，銷售業績突破 2400 萬。在雙十一活動當天，銷售流水 200 多萬，但云開發費用結算僅比平時多花了 10 元錢，10 元錢的服務器費用扛住了一次雙十一活動，簡直不敢相信，可這就是事實。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"雲開發是一個開發平臺，包括很多工具和技術。它的誕生與迭代，核心目標還是幫助開發者在微信生態內快速實現創意落地，讓開發者的開發體驗更爽，讓企業快速降本增效。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"但云開發不僅僅是一個平臺。對企業來說，一個前端搞定一個團隊，一個人可支撐起幾千萬的銷售額的業務，這在有小程序之前是比較難想象的事情，從長遠價值來說，整個社會的效率和資源利用率都在提升。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"騰訊雲副總裁劉穎在 2020 小程序雲開發峯會上提出：“雲開發是騰訊 C2B 戰略的抓手，我們希望通過雲開發實現雙向連接，整合能力與資源，共建產業互聯網”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"微信小程序開發生態產品負責人黃映焜告訴 InfoQ，雲開發自 2018 年 9 月正式上線以來，一直在不停地調研開發者需求，站在開發者角度解決問題。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"text":"“18 年的時候，雲開發的團隊只有 3 個人，現在都有 40 多人了”。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2018 年，雲開發發佈的第一年，專注做小程序場景下函數級別的 Severless，這讓敏捷開發和快速迭代都更進一步，很多玩法可以快速試錯。但對於複雜的業務場景還有一定的侷限性。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"text":"“以前我們關注前端開發者，雲開發可以讓他們成爲全棧工程師，後來看到函數是有侷限的，便將後端開發者也納入到雲開發的版圖，享受開發上的便捷”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2019 年，雲開發從 0.1 升級到 1.0 的版本，完成了雲函數、雲數據庫、雲存儲、CDN 以及結合微信雲調用核心能力的構建。但還無法支持通用框架，實現 Web 的管理後臺非常繁瑣。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"text":"“近期發佈的產品能力，比如公衆號環境共享，幾天內就有數千個小程序在嘗試。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2020 年，雲開發完成了從單點雲開發到全面雲開發的升級，擴展了更多場景和能力接入，包括雲託管、靜態網站託管、公衆號環境授權等。無論是中小企業還是大型企業都能快速接入，滿足業務需求。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"text":"“與 C 端產品不同，B 端面向開發者的產品，最核心還是要解決開發者實際訴求和開發成本的問題。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"當然，開發者入場時，依然雲開發這種模式存在疑慮，但云開發的產品思路是開放的，雲開發團隊也在基於種種疑慮迭代產品功能。在與開發者一起成長的路上，雲開發是認真的。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":"center","origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"size","attrs":{"size":18}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"開發者的“爽點製造機”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"開發者的爽點很直接：個人開發者比較關注費用問題；有一定規模企業的開發者，關注怎麼保證數據安全、穩定性、可擴展性；服務商開發者，關注怎麼更快速接入、方便高效的調用。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"如果有一天，開發者可以跟這些問題說再見，他們就爽了。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":"center","origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"size","attrs":{"size":14}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"再見了，多端開發"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"雲開發陸續實現小程序、公衆號、Web、移動 APP 等全客戶端支持，可以“一鍵開發、多端部署”，並針對不同場景做了優化。針對 Web 場景，提供靜態託管服務，開發者可以一鍵部署靜態、動態網站；針對移動端 App，以 Flutter 插件的形式，爲開發者提供多項能力，包括登錄、雲函數、存儲、文檔型數據庫等。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":"center","origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"size","attrs":{"size":14}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"再見了，後端部署"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在自建服務器上，小程序運行的環境和數據庫等需要自己配置。雲開發提供了較爲完整的服務器架構，內建小程序用戶鑑權，開發者只需在開發工具內編寫、一鍵上傳部署即可運行後端代碼。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":"center","origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"size","attrs":{"size":14}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"再見了，系統運維"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"當應用上線後，運維是最大的問題，當海量流量來襲時，如何快速調整系統容量，確保業務的穩步運行。雲開發直接接管了運維層面的事務，底層資源由騰訊雲提供專業支持。雲開發系統架構已擁有多 IDC 部署、多園區部署的容災架構，同時其也擁有包含系統自動化測試、多維度警告、自動擴容以及騰訊雲 + 微信團隊的 7*24 小時運維保障體系。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":"center","origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"size","attrs":{"size":14}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"再見了，安全隱患"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在數據安全方面，在雲開發模式下，每個用戶的環境資源是獨立的，也即是私有的，並且雲開發提供與自有數據庫打通的能力。這樣，用戶的數據都存在用戶自己的雲開發環境資源下面，一定層面保障了用戶的數據安全。微信客戶端和後臺之間使用的是全鏈路票據系統保障整條鏈路系統安全。而在訪問雲開發的雲資源方面，加入了騰訊雲訪問管理系統（CAM），其會校驗請求的用戶是否有權限訪問，進而保護數據庫、對象存儲的安全。此外，雲開發會遵守各類安全標準，內外部的安全團隊也會進行多種測試和測評。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":"center","origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"size","attrs":{"size":14}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"再見了，低彈性"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在傳統的單體開發模式中，開發是基於整個應用、整個站點進行開發，無法單獨對某一個特定的功能進行伸縮。而云開發所採用的 Serverless 方案中的運算部分，是交給雲函數來進行處理的，你的應用由一個個函數組成的。因此，在彈性伸縮方面，粒度進一步細化，針對特定功能的函數來進行伸縮，彈性效率更高，能夠承載的請求量更大。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":"center","origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"size","attrs":{"size":14}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"再見了，高成本"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"雲開發在人力成本和雲資源成本兩方面都有顯著優勢。在人力成本方面，統一前後端開發，節省應用開發過程中過多的聯調環節，不僅減少人力投入，還大大縮短研發週期。過去一年多的實踐數據顯示，藉助雲開發，應用開發的人力成本可以降低 50%、雲資源使用成本可降低 30%。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":"center","origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"size","attrs":{"size":14}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"再見了，萬行代碼"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"今年，雲開發正式推出低碼平臺，通過可拖拽式構建應用，進一步降低開發門檻，沒有技術背景的人也可搭建小程序 \/Web 網頁，讓開發者的羣體邊界越來越廣泛。同時，雲開發低碼平臺提供專業的行業模板，一鍵上雲成了真。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":"center","origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"size","attrs":{"size":14}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"如果說，還有一件事，那就是建標準"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"騰訊云云開發產品中心副總監王倩告訴 InfoQ，“目前的國標做了很多的 IaaS 類的標準，但 PaaS 卻很少。目前達成的共識是，PaaS 平臺就是無服務器計算，通過 SDK 和 API 調用雲上的資源、存儲、數據庫等，需要 Serverless 標準推進或落地的更快。騰訊雲作爲牽頭人，希望通過標準的建立，推動整個雲計算領域的未來發展。目前國內雲開發的標準是與電子四院、信標委聯合啓動。對於國際上的標準，也在同 AWS、谷歌雲等廠商，做一些聯合技術儲備。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":"center","origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"size","attrs":{"size":18}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"搭臺子，一起唱戲"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"對於客戶來說，雲開發的劇本思路是：從可用，到好用，到滿足所有企業可以用。因此，今年的重心之一是完善雲託管，他可以讓小程序不受侷限，也可以讓非常多存量的小程序方便遷移過來，幫助他們降低成本。此外，正在規劃中的兩個迭代方向："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"numberedlist","attrs":{"start":1,"normalizeStart":1},"content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":1,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"不侷限在語言上（Node.js），探索和實現存量 APP 的遷移路徑；"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":2,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"持續降低成本，推動生態發展。"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"針對服務商合作伙伴，雲開發要同他們一起去贏得客戶。例如在產品策略上，除了利潤上的返傭外，會重點推動合作型產品，比如通過低代碼的平臺，給客戶提供小程序，先免費後盈利。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"雲開發是騰訊 C2B 的技術抓手。回看 C2B 對騰訊 IT 管理思路的改變，也是深刻且徹底的。在團隊合作方面，C 端產品思維與 B 端可以很好的融合；在營銷模式方面，找到了 ToB 營銷與 C 端結合的模式；在產品思路方面，通過結合調研、渠道、天然生態的場景打造，產生了更多創新的可能性。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"text":"“我們打造了這樣的一個平臺之後，內部的很多產品線開始嘗試並接入使用雲開發，我覺得這個是大家生產思路升級的過程，比如支付、城市服務等很多的一些我們運營的小程序，都非常適合接入的場景。包括我們在考慮創新產品時，都已經開始有了第一反應：能不能用小程序雲開發的服務？”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"雲開發作爲騰訊 C2B 的核心，它的執着在於從不同領域逐步突破，再到領先，追求卓越，把雲的能力，技術能力植入產業互聯網，讓產業互聯網無所不在。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"C2B 這兩年，只是開始，未完待續。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"horizontalrule"},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"雲開發到底有多爽？"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"Techo 請你來現場！"},{"type":"text","text":"低代碼、雲託管、微信支付研發優化……這裏有雲開發的 N 種玩法，人人全棧的時代已經來了。點擊 InfoQ 專屬報名通道，掃描下方"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"二維碼"},{"type":"text","text":"或點擊【"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/techo.cloud.tencent.com\/2020\/?utm_campaign=MJTG&utm_source=infoQ&utm_medium=XXLLZBanner#\/live?subSeminarId=2011282815676827","title":"xxx","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"鏈接"}]},{"type":"text","text":"】提前佔座吧！"}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/d9\/f7\/d9aecff7b62a094a9737ec347203b5f7.jpg","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}}]}