解讀 WebAssembly 的 2020：Web 以外的進展與計劃

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"本文是 InfoQ“解讀 2020”年終技術盤點系列文章之一。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"大約一年前，“字節碼聯盟”（BA，Bytecode Alliance）宣佈成立，而自那時起已經過去了將近一年的時間。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"儘管 2020 年這個特殊的年份，讓 WebAssembly（後面簡稱 Wasm） 社區在某些陣線上的發展放慢了腳步，但相對的，在其他方面卻也取得了很多的進展。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"text":"注：文中提及的“社區”，是指包括：字節碼聯盟、WWG、WCG 以及所有 Wasm 工具、基礎設施相關開發者共同組成的這樣一個 Wasm 社區，這裏不單獨進行區分。"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"如今，社區已經適應了這種新的常態，並且正在整裝待發地準備在各個陣線上來個“加速超車”。但在此之前，讓我們先來看一看，迄今爲止社區所取得的成就。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"有關“納米進程”模型的進展"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"社區的一個重要目標是希望能夠將 WebAssembly 從一種應用程序的“編譯目標”，發展成爲一種可以用來組織應用程序的“模塊化生態系統”。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"這樣，便有機會解決當前軟件開發方式中許多長期存在的問題。例如，通過這種方式可以使應用程序更加安全地使用那些不是由作者本人編寫的第三方依賴庫中的代碼。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"而這也就是爲什麼“"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/hacks.mozilla.org\/2019\/11\/announcing-the-bytecode-alliance\/","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"納米進程模型"}]},{"type":"text","text":"”如此重要的一個原因。爲了"},{"type":"text","text":"使開發人員能夠輕鬆避免這些問題的，這是一種必要的開發範式上轉變。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"納米進程模型的三個核心組成部分仍在發展中："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"WASI（WebAssembly System Interface，WebAssembly 操作系統接口）；"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"模塊鏈接（Module Linking）；"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"接口類型（Interface Types）；"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}}]}