开源的六大谎言

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"开源是我在IT行业中遇到的最有趣的事情之一。它本质上是一种运动，将人们聚集在一起做一个产品。他们通常免费做这些事情，特别是在项目的开始阶段，然后负责维护，让其他人可以免费使用。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"我倾向于认为，如果有更多的行业像软件行业一样采用开源模式，那么事情会变得容易得多。不过话说回来，我们要讨论的不是这个。事实上，开源运动并不像人们想象的那么完美，因为参与开源的是人，而人是不完美的。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在开源的发展过程中，人们对它产生了很多误解。这些误解有很多是来自开源项目的用户（即他们只是开源项目的用户，而非贡献者），或者是来自那些在错误的时机参与开源项目的人，从而破坏了原本精彩的开源体验。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"我写这篇文章的目的是讨论IT行业中有关开源的一些最常见的误解，作为新进者的你就可以自己决定是否要加入这个运动。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"text":"本文最初发布于Medium（"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/medium.com\/better-programming\/the-biggest-lie-in-open-source-de38f71aa88c","title":"xxx","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"text":"《The Biggest Lie in Open Source》"}],"marks":[{"type":"italic"}]},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"text":"），经作者授权，由InfoQ翻译并分享。"}]}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"成本是免费的，那么使用也必须免费"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"谁都知道这个，对吧？开源是免费的。我们可以免费从GitHub下载开发库，作为开发者，我们也可以在那里免费发布项目。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"所以，只要我们有电脑，就可以写代码，并免费与整个行业分享。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"错了。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"我们倾向于将成本与资源(通常是物理资源)联系在一起，但除了电脑，我们还需要什么资源来生产和维护开源软件呢？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"时间。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"没错，你的时间就是一种资源。事实上，这是你拥有的最有价值的资源之一，而你却在考虑免费把它送给别人？你在开源项目上花费的时间可能是你的雇主没有给你补偿的那部分(除非你是在为他们开发这些项目)。所以，如果你的时间没有换来收入，那你换来了什么？你和爱人相处的时间？你用来放松的时间？几个小时的睡眠？锻炼的时间？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"时间是宝贵的，参与开源项目的每个人的时间也都是宝贵的。他们愿意牺牲自己的时间开发项目给你用，但这并不意味着你有权要求你想要的任何东西。我看到有人要求贡献者提供24小时支持，或者因为他们自己的（私人）项目需要某些功能就要求贡献者接受他们的要求。这样的例子不胜枚举。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"根据项目的不同，既有一个人的团队，也有由委员会领导的大型团队，他们花费了时间和资源（是的，有时他们需要在这些项目上花钱），让其他用户可以免费使用他们开发的库或框架。当你以后想要抱怨开源项目时，请先想一想项目维护者付出的成本吧。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"开源不会带来收入"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"开源软件是免费的，因此，它的维护者和作者不能靠它谋生。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"错了。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"乍一看，开源软件对用户来说是免费的，但要断定这不能作为一个有效的收入来源还为时过早。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"就像任何数字产品一样，赚钱完全取决于你的商业模式和营销策略。如果你对如何基于开源项目赚钱感兴趣，下面是一些建议，供你参考。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"提供专业服务"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"这是最常见的一种方式。之前说过，人们倾向于认为，既然你已经开发了一个项目并向全世界发布了，那么你就要24小时提供支持。这绝对是一个完全不同的工作领域，既然如此，为什么不收费呢？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"事实上，你还可以收取培训费用，甚至为那些想要使用你的免费产品的公司提供支持。这些就是我们所说的专业服务（为使用你产品的公司提供服务）。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"有一些大型的开源项目就是这样做的。例如，RedHat、IBM、Hortonworks和Percona。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"提供相关内容"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"你看到过（甚至是读过）多少本有关React或PHP的书？这些书都不是免费的，不是吗？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":nul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