Elasticsearch 和 Kibana更改开源协议

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"1月15日，Elastic 公司 CEO Shay Banon 在公司官网"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.elastic.co\/cn\/blog\/licensing-change","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"发文"}]},{"type":"text","text":"，宣布将改变 Elasticsearch 和 Kibana 的开源协议，由 Apache 2.0 变更为 SSPL 与 Elastic License。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/infoq\/97\/97a1b4b0e66d83b36b4bbc9cb633b0d0.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":"center","origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":"center","origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Shay Banon"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"他在文中写道："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"我们正着手将 Elasticsearch 与 Kibana 中遵循 Apache 2.0 许可的部分源代码转为 SSPL 以及 Elastic License。完成后，用户将可以自由选择适合需求的许可。此次许可变更将确保我们的社区及客户能更加自由开放地访问、使用、修改、重新发布以及协同使用这部分代码。"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"虽然源代码许可有所改变，但是对绝大多数免费使用默认发行版的社区用户没有任何影响。此外，该公司的云客户以及自主管理软件客户也不会受到影响。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"而受此影响的主要对象是云服务提供商。Shay Banon 表示，“此举将限制云服务提供商在不对项目做出贡献的情况下，发布自己的 Elasticsearch 与 Kibana 服务，借此保护我们在开发免费及公开发布产品方面持续投入的大量资源。”"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"变更详情"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"据悉，自 Elastic 7.11 版本开始，Elasticsearch 与 Kibana 代码所遵循的 Apache 2.0 许可会调整为 SSPL 与 Elastic License 双许可。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"而 SSPL 是由 MongoDB 制定的源代码许可，旨在充分体现开源代码原则。同时，针对云服务提供商做出限制，即要求云服务提供商在未对项目做出贡献的情况下，不得发布自己的开源产品即服务。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"SSPL 允许用户以自由且不受限制的方式使用并修改代码成果，唯一的要求是：如果将产品以作为一种服务进行交付，那么必须同时公开发布所有关于修改及 SSPL 之下管理层的源代码。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/infoq\/0f\/0f2090c088989ade459993c452dd9de1.jpeg","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Shay Banon 写道："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"之所以选择这条道路，是因为这才是继续保持开放的正确思路，同时也将给我们的社区与公司提供保护。在某种程度上，这一切将使我们的开放程度进一步提高。作为后续措施，我们将逐步将免费专有功能从 Elastic License 转向 SSPL 加 Elastic License 双许可，旨在进一步增强我们希望达成的产品自由与开放目标。"}]}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"为什么做出变更？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在 Shay Banon 看来，过去三年以来，整个市场不断发展，社区也逐渐意识到开源企业需要加大软件保护力度，才能始终保持良好的投资与创新水平。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Elastic 公司遇到的挑战在于，云厂商纷纷将开源软件集成到自己的云产品中，以整体的云服务解决方案推向客户。长此以往，客户将越来越多地使用云厂商的一站式云服务，而非开源软件的付费版本。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"用 Shay Banon 的话说，“随着向 SaaS 交付模式的转变，部分云服务提供商在未做任何回馈的情况下将开源产品直接以服务的形式推出。这不仅消耗了本应投入到产品开发中的资金，也会给用户及社区造成伤害。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"他表示，“与其他开源厂商类似，我们经历了从商标滥用、到通过 OSS 产品粉饰之后的所谓‘开放’项目、再到从我们的专有代码中提取‘灵感’并破坏项目社区的整个过程。不同的开源企业会选择不同的应对之道，但为了保护对自由软件的投资，它们通常会修改开源许可，同时努力继续保持开放、透明与协作等基本原则。同样的，我们也自然采取下一步行动，即有针对性地更改我们对源代码的许可方式。这项更改不会对绝大多数用户造成任何影响，只会限制云服务提供商将我们的开发成果转化为软件即服务的形式。\""}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"学习 MongoDB"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"作为一名有多年开源经验的人，Shay Banon 正在借鉴 MongoDB 的做法。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2018 年 10 月，MongoDB 宣布其开源许可证将从 GNU AGPLv3，切换到 SSPL，新许可证将适用于新版本的 MongoDB Community Server 以及打过补丁的旧版本。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"此事一出，引起极大关注，同时 RedHat 等厂商纷纷表示将弃用 MongoDB。一时之间，MongoDB 似乎深陷险境。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"针对此事，一名叫 rockrush 的网友表示，“"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"厂商享受开源带来的便利（软件和支持），但不回馈，这样的用户只会增加社区负担，却对社区的发展毫无益处"},{"type":"text","text":"。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"网名为 robortly 的网友评论道，“"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"当开源变成一种习惯性的拿来主义，事情就变得越来越糟糕"},{"type":"text","text":"。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"开源这件事做起来并不容易，它不仅需要机构大力支持和推广，比如公司、社区、基金会等，而且开源软件产品需要持续迭代、维护，甚至开发者要投入大量的时间、精力等。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"对 MongoDB 和 Elastic 公司而言，云厂商不仅不回馈开源项目，而且蚕食他们的利益。针对这样的行为，它们自然会采取针对性措施。"}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/infoq\/ef\/efe6c5c1dbe96f57f0e024075ee7216d.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":"center","origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":"center","origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"MongoDB股价走势图（2018.10-2021.1.17）"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在 MongoDB 更改开源协议过去两年后，这家公司不仅还活着，而且活得很好，其股价也从 2018 年的不足 100 美元 \/ 股涨到现在的 361 美元 \/ 股。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Shay Banon 在最后写道：“我们将继续以开放方式开发代码，与社区保持交互，并像过去三年一样基于 Elastic License 免费发布社区发行版。我们将继续致力于全面发布所有免费功能，且不会对免费功能与付费订阅中的功能内容做出任何更改。”"}]}]}