Flutter——在Android平臺上的啓動流程淺析

介紹

Flutter應用是由平臺來創建、初始化並啓動的,這裏我們以android爲例,對啓動過程做一個走馬觀花式的瞭解,旨在對平臺端的工作有個大致瞭解。

Android端的啓動流程

啓動流程實際上還涉及了很多native 層的工作,但是宥於篇幅,暫且只看Android端。

FlutterApplication

flutter應用下,原生的啓動流程並沒有什麼變化,我們來看Application的onCreate函數。

  @Override
  @CallSuper
  public void onCreate() {
    super.onCreate();
    FlutterMain.startInitialization(this);
  }

很簡單,繼續往裏走

  public static void startInitialization(@NonNull Context applicationContext) {
    if (isRunningInRobolectricTest) {
      return;
    }
    FlutterLoader.getInstance().startInitialization(applicationContext);
  }

按上面方法的註釋來看,是初始化 native system(即C++)的,最終會調用下面的方法:

我將說明以註釋的形式寫在下面
  public void startInitialization(@NonNull Context applicationContext, @NonNull Settings settings) {
    
    if (this.settings != null) {
      return;
    }
    ///確保運行在 主線程
    if (Looper.myLooper() != Looper.getMainLooper()) {
      throw new IllegalStateException("startInitialization must be called on the main thread");
    }

    // Ensure that the context is actually the application context.
    final Context appContext = applicationContext.getApplicationContext();

    this.settings = settings;

    initStartTimestampMillis = SystemClock.uptimeMillis();
    
    ///配置 aotSharedLibraryName、flutterAssetsDir、
    ///      vmSnapshotData、isolateSnapshotData
    ///等參數
    
    initConfig(appContext);
    ///初始化VsyncWaiter,並設置回調
    /// 當vsync信號到來時,就調用我們設置的回調,最終會觸發頁面的刷新
    VsyncWaiter.getInstance((WindowManager) appContext.getSystemService(Context.WINDOW_SERVICE))
        .init();

    // 子線程
    
    ///這裏主要是抽取資源文件,
    ///加載 flutter(框架)代碼
    Callable<InitResult> initTask =
        new Callable<InitResult>() {
          @Override
          public InitResult call() {
            ResourceExtractor resourceExtractor = initResources(appContext);

            System.loadLibrary("flutter");

            // Prefetch the default font manager as soon as possible on a background thread.
            // It helps to reduce time cost of engine setup that blocks the platform thread.
            Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor()
                .execute(
                    new Runnable() {
                      @Override
                      public void run() {
                        FlutterJNI.nativePrefetchDefaultFontManager();
                      }
                    });

            if (resourceExtractor != null) {
              resourceExtractor.waitForCompletion();
            }

            return new InitResult(
                PathUtils.getFilesDir(appContext),
                PathUtils.getCacheDirectory(appContext),
                PathUtils.getDataDirectory(appContext));
          }
        };
    initResultFuture = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor().submit(initTask);
  }

至此FlutterApplication 的相關流程就走完了。

另外,雖然上面的代碼中使用了子線程,但是最終在這些任務沒有完成前,是不會進入flutter側的,我們接着走FlutterActivity。

FlutterActivity & onCreate

開始的地方依然是 onCreate()方法:

  @Override
  protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
  	///切換主題
    switchLaunchThemeForNormalTheme();

    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
	///通知生命週期
    lifecycle.handleLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.Event.ON_CREATE);
	
    ///初始化delete,這個很重要,
    ///所有的工作都是由它來完成的
    delegate = new FlutterActivityAndFragmentDelegate(this);
    delegate.onAttach(this);
    ///是否需要恢復(包括通知插件)一些狀態
    delegate.onActivityCreated(savedInstanceState);
	///配置窗口
    configureWindowForTransparency();
    ///創建flutterView
    setContentView(createFlutterView());
    configureStatusBarForFullscreenFlutterExperience();
  }

這裏面比較重的代碼是這幾行:

    delegate = new FlutterActivityAndFragmentDelegate(this);
    delegate.onAttach(this);
    ...
    setContentView(createFlutterView());

我們一步一步來,首先創建了FlutterActivityAndFragmentDelegate 並調用了它的attact(this)方法。

FlutterActivityAndFragmentDelegate

void onAttach(@NonNull Context context) {
    ensureAlive();
	///初始化engine
    if (flutterEngine == null) {
    ///這裏面會對已有的engine進行復用
      setupFlutterEngine();
    }
	
    ///初始化平臺插件
    ///本質上,是將engine的 channel回調與平臺的系統服務進行綁定
    ///如:震動、複製粘貼、聲音播放等...
    platformPlugin = host.providePlatformPlugin(host.getActivity(), flutterEngine);

    if (host.shouldAttachEngineToActivity()) {

      Log.v(TAG, "Attaching FlutterEngine to the Activity that owns this Fragment.");
      /// 激活 原生viewController
      /// 並通知相關插件
      /// PlatformViewsController 這個類你應該很熟悉(如果你接入過原生view的話)
      flutterEngine
          .getActivityControlSurface()
          .attachToActivity(host.getActivity(), host.getLifecycle());
    }
	///註冊插件
    ///通過反射調用 “io.flutter.plugins.GeneratedPluginRegistrant”
    ///的 “registerWith”方法,這個過程走完了,你的插件基本就能用了
    host.configureFlutterEngine(flutterEngine);
  }

通過上面,我們大致瞭解了,在flutter端使用的平臺功能是什麼時候裝配的了。

我們回到FlutterActivity,繼續重要的第二步:

setContentView(createFlutterView());

  @NonNull
  private View createFlutterView() {
    return delegate.onCreateView(
        null /* inflater */, null /* container */, null /* savedInstanceState */);
  }
這裏插一句,可以看一下這篇文章:

Flutter&Android 啓動頁(閃屏頁)的加載流程和優化方案

最終會調用 delete的onCreateView :

  @NonNull
  View onCreateView(
      LayoutInflater inflater, @Nullable ViewGroup container, @Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    Log.v(TAG, "Creating FlutterView.");
    ensureAlive();

    if (host.getRenderMode() == RenderMode.surface) {
    
    	///一般flutter應用是 RenderMode.surface,所以會進入到這裏
        ///創建FlutterSurfaceView
      FlutterSurfaceView flutterSurfaceView =
          new FlutterSurfaceView(
              host.getActivity(), host.getTransparencyMode() == TransparencyMode.transparent);

      // Allow our host to customize FlutterSurfaceView, if desired.
      host.onFlutterSurfaceViewCreated(flutterSurfaceView);

      // flutterView 創建完成後,便會調用addView
      //將 flutterSurfaceView 顯示出來,只不過啥都沒有而已
      flutterView = new FlutterView(host.getActivity(), flutterSurfaceView);
    } else {
      ...省略代碼...
    }

    // Add listener to be notified when Flutter renders its first frame.
    flutterView.addOnFirstFrameRenderedListener(flutterUiDisplayListener);

    flutterSplashView = new FlutterSplashView(host.getContext());
    if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.JELLY_BEAN_MR1) {
      flutterSplashView.setId(View.generateViewId());
    } else {

      flutterSplashView.setId(486947586);
    }
    ///這裏顯示閃屏頁 默認是個白屏
    ///即,AndroidMainfest.xml 的<metadata>所設置
    flutterSplashView.displayFlutterViewWithSplash(flutterView, host.provideSplashScreen());

    ///將flutterview 綁定到 engine上
    flutterView.attachToFlutterEngine(flutterEngine);

    return flutterSplashView;
  }

flutterView 內部持有flutterSurfaceView (一個Surface),並最終通過attachToFlutterEngine綁定到engine上,我們來看一下其內部實現:

  public void attachToFlutterEngine(@NonNull FlutterEngine flutterEngine) {
  
   ...省略部分代碼...

    this.flutterEngine = flutterEngine;

    ///通過engine的 getRenderer,
    ///可以將flutter的紋理繪製到android 上。
    FlutterRenderer flutterRenderer = this.flutterEngine.getRenderer();
    isFlutterUiDisplayed = flutterRenderer.isDisplayingFlutterUi();
    renderSurface.attachToRenderer(flutterRenderer);
    flutterRenderer.addIsDisplayingFlutterUiListener(flutterUiDisplayListener);

    ...省略部分代碼...
    
    ///輸入插件
    textInputPlugin =
        new TextInputPlugin(
            this,
            this.flutterEngine.getTextInputChannel(),
            this.flutterEngine.getPlatformViewsController());
    ///國際化插件
    localizationPlugin = this.flutterEngine.getLocalizationPlugin();
    ///與上面的textInputPlugin相關聯
    androidKeyProcessor =
        new AndroidKeyProcessor(this.flutterEngine.getKeyEventChannel(), textInputPlugin);
        
     /// 觸摸事件的初始化
     /// 相關觸摸數據會發送到flutter端
    androidTouchProcessor = new AndroidTouchProcessor(this.flutterEngine.getRenderer());
    ///輔助功能
    accessibilityBridge =
        new AccessibilityBridge(
            this,
            flutterEngine.getAccessibilityChannel(),
            (AccessibilityManager) getContext().getSystemService(Context.ACCESSIBILITY_SERVICE),
            getContext().getContentResolver(),
            this.flutterEngine.getPlatformViewsController());
   
   ...省略部分代碼...

    ///通過上面的初始化,將用戶相關的設置發送到flutter端
    sendUserSettingsToFlutter();
    localizationPlugin.sendLocalesToFlutter(getResources().getConfiguration());
    sendViewportMetricsToFlutter();
	
    ///將當前flutter view 綁定到 PlatformViewsController
    flutterEngine.getPlatformViewsController().attachToView(this);

    ...省略部分代碼...
  }

相關初始化工作完成,activity的生命週期也從onCreate來到了onStart()

FlutterActivity & onStart()

  @Override
  protected void onStart() {
    super.onStart();
    lifecycle.handleLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.Event.ON_START);
    ///重要入口
    delegate.onStart();
  }

delegate.onStart()此方法 最終會調用doInitialFlutterViewRun()方法:

  private void doInitialFlutterViewRun() {
    
	...省略部分代碼...
	
    // 這裏就是獲取我們打包所得的 libapp.so路徑
    // 即,我們所寫的dart代碼,並執行它
    DartExecutor.DartEntrypoint entrypoint =
        new DartExecutor.DartEntrypoint(
            host.getAppBundlePath(), host.getDartEntrypointFunctionName());
    flutterEngine.getDartExecutor().executeDartEntrypoint(entrypoint);
  }

至此整個android端的啓動流程就走完了,這裏再回顧總結一下。

總結

在flutterApplication中:

初始化一些資源路徑,配置相關參數
抽取資源並加載(assets)
加載flutter.so關鍵庫
    - 最終走JNI_OnLoad 進入native進行相關工作
    - 如綁定flutter jni
初始化vsyncWaiter

在flutterActivity中:

會初始化重要類FlutterActivityAndFragmentDelegate
activity端的生命週期,也會觸發delegate來對應回調
對平臺的系統功能(震動、剪貼板)進行綁定
初始化platformViewController以及系統channel
創建flutterView(內部持有一個surfaceView)
    - 會最終進入native進行engine的初始化工作
在onStart生命週期中加載咱們的dart代碼,開始執行

在這整個過程中,會穿插進行native層的工作,並最終通過native層的調用,轉到flutter端的main()函數,由於這裏的內容很多,將會在後面的文章中介紹。

最後,謝謝大家的閱讀,如果有不對的地方,還請指出。

系列文章

Flutter 仿網易雲音樂App

Flutter&Android 啓動頁(閃屏頁)的加載流程和優化方案

Flutter版 仿.知乎列表的視差效果

Flutter——實現網易雲音樂的漸進式卡片切換

Flutter 仿同花順自選股列表

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