青雲科技投資人陳維廣: 計算資源導向是過去式，應用導向纔是雲計算的未來

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"混合雲的發展潛力再次被證實。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"那麼在投資者看來，混合雲是新“風口”嗎？目前市場格局是怎樣的？Cloud 2.0 將向哪些方向演變？… 爲了回答上述問題，InfoQ 採訪了藍馳創投的管理合夥人，青雲科技投資人陳維廣。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/wechat\/images\/83\/83a5512ccd5a95513ab27bf4bad309e3.jpeg","alt":null,"title":null,"style":null,"href":null,"fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"投資者眼中的雲計算“風口”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“站在風口上，豬都能飛起來。”小米創始人雷軍的這句話曾被無數創業者奉爲經典。一時之間，追風口的人如過江之鯽，但乘風起勢的卻少之又少，是壓根就沒有風口，還是追錯了風口呢？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"如何判斷某個技術領域是否爲“真風口”呢？作爲 IT 領域資深的投資者，陳維廣表示：“通常，風口具備三個關鍵要素。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"變化：賽道和行業不同，“變化”的定義也會有所不同。比較顯著的是客戶需求的變化和科技的變革。比如，從企業服務的角度來看，近十年最大的變化就是“雲化”。應用層的變化，使得 IT 資源需要通過新的方式做更好的分配；"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"人才溢出：以雲計算爲例，今天，在中國做雲計算的人才出自哪裏呢？一部分是外企大廠，IBM、亞馬遜、Oracle 等，另一部分是互聯網大廠，做企業中臺服務的人。如果這些人才一直不動，即使有變化也不會形成大風口。2008 年，大家都覺得美國有 AWS，中國的雲計算也應該有機會，但中國在當時的人才供給非常缺，現在也遠沒有飽和；"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"資本：資本是逐利的，也是滯後的，一定是根據變化、人才的供給來決定是否配置資金到“風口”。"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"在陳維廣看來，變化、人才溢出和資本形成了風口的最穩定三角關係。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“非公即私”不可取，混合雲是“風口”嗎？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"近日，IDC 發佈了《中國公有云服務市場 (2020 上半年) 跟蹤》報告，2020 上半年中國公有云服務整體市場規模 (IaaS\/PaaS\/SaaS) 達到 84 億美元，同比增長 51%。其中 IaaS 市場同比增長 57.1%，PaaS 市場同比增長 64.4%。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"公有云的整體市場規模在不斷增加，但是逐漸暴露出了一些問題。比如成本激增、企業上雲負擔越來越重等。公有云的優勢在於靈活、彈性，而私有云的優勢在於合規、可控，通常企業會將穩態業務部署在私有云，將敏態業務託管在公有云。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"但企業業務不能用簡單粗暴的“非公即私”來選型，這時混合雲的作用就體現出來了，例如節約成本、數據安全、提升商業和運營效率等。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"首先，當業務規模擴大之後，混合雲節約的成本規模也會增大，一年可能達到千萬級、甚至是億級。其次，如果企業將所有數據都存在非中立的公有云上，其實很難確保數據和商業運營的安全性和穩定性。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"那麼混合雲在投資者眼中是風口嗎？陳維廣表示："},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"“是，但並不像移動互聯網或消費級市場那麼快速聚焦的爆發，而是一個相對較寬的風口，需要更長時間慢慢沉澱價值到最後爆發。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"陳維廣是這樣說的，也是這樣做的。2008 年陳維廣剛從美國回來，決定要關注中國的雲計算創新，“中國 2009 年才引入雲計算概念，相比國外滯後了好幾年，但企業不可能一直停留在傳統的服務器 IT 架構上，對雲計算一定是有需求的。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2012 年，陳維廣與黃允松認識，當時青雲科技還沒有註冊。但是僅僅經過了四、五個星期的盡調，藍馳就決定投資。“除了看好雲計算會成爲下一個風口，我也被黃允松的‘真’打動了。”陳維廣回憶當時見面的場景，“最初他給我看代碼，說通過他的軟件機器人，產品穩定性能夠達到 99.99%，未來會比亞馬遜做得更好，我是不太相信的，心裏想他如果不是個天才就是個大騙子。但他一邊一條條代碼跟我展示，一邊闡述他的雲計算願景，最終打動了我。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在這之後，藍馳創投連續投資了青雲科技 4 輪，陪伴青雲科技超過 9 年。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"中國是一個比海外市場更有潛力和規模的混合雲市場"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"根據 Synergy Research 的調查，全球公有云市場份額由主流供應商主導，前五大公有云廠商控制全球近八成市場。公有云市場馬太效應強烈，市場格局基本已定，不少廠商都開始尋找新的機會點，例如頭部的阿里雲、騰訊雲紛紛聯合 VMware 等私有云廠商着手開拓混合雲，而 IBM 通過收購紅帽，開始主攻混合雲市場。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"那麼，混合雲市場格局現在如何？混合雲服務商的核心競爭力體現在哪裏？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“我的觀點是，目前混合雲的市場格局也是基本確定的，新玩家突圍有難度。”陳維廣認爲。當企業業務逐漸多元化、規模化之後，一朵公有云無法滿足需求，採用多朵雲來應對不同的應用場景和數據需求會成爲常態。很多企業在選擇私有云產品時，會要求和已有的公有云產品技術架構保持一致，這樣在做混合雲時才能高效的協調和調度計算資源，這個要素導致新玩家很難突圍。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"與此同時，多雲管理對用戶來說很麻煩，比較好的解決方案是提供一套跨雲管理以及跨雲應用程序的調度和抽象層。陳維廣認爲，相較於單純的 MSP（管理服務提供商），能很好的控制底層計算資源，還能提供一套跨雲管理服務的雲廠商更有優勢。以青雲 QingCloud 爲例，有一致性架構的公有云和私有云能使部署和運營成本更可控。此外，青雲 QingCloud 的混合雲解決方案以 KubeSphere 容器平臺構建分佈式容器層，支持多雲的資源利用；同時還有 iFCloud 統一多雲管理平臺和 OpenPitrix 多雲應用管理平臺。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"不僅全球混合雲市場還有很大空白，中國通信研究院數據也顯示，2019 年中國企業採用混合雲的比例僅爲 9.8%，市場潛力更大。同時，中國市場還有自己的特殊性，以央企、國企、政府爲主的大型客戶對自主運維、數據安全的要求更高，更傾向於使用混合雲；互聯網、車聯網等 IoT 設施的存量大，迭代增速快，對雲服務和邊緣計算有更大量的、更多元的需求。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"陳維廣判斷，這些因素都可能會催生一個比海外市場更有潛力和規模的混合雲市場。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"另一方面，和以公有云爲主的平臺型雲廠商（AWS、阿里雲等）不同；在混合多雲趨勢下，無論 IBM、青雲 QingCloud，未來的戰略目標一定不只是在計算資源層，而是通過 PaaS 層（容器產品）提供更多應用層的服務。以青雲 QingCloud 爲例，客戶一旦將 KubeSphere 部署在計算資源層上，他可以把應用運行在多朵雲上而直接將底層資源層透明化了。在充分發揮混合雲優勢的同時，青雲 QingCloud 還能像瑞士軍刀一樣，提供多元化的應用層工具。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"陳維廣介紹，在青雲科技的藍圖中，混合雲已不再是傳統概念裏的“公有 + 私有”，也不侷限於跨基礎設施的混合，比如，“公 + 私 + 本地 IDC”；而是在已經建立的混合雲統一技術架構的基礎上，繼續研發邊緣計算和物聯網技術，打造覆蓋“雲、網、邊、端”一體的數字化平臺。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Cloud 2.0：重新發明輪子"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"如果從發展進程來看，Cloud 1.0 的重點是虛擬化，那麼 Cloud 2.0 的重點是容器、雲原生和開源。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在陳維廣看來，雲計算未來的發展是階段性的。第一階段是以混合云爲主的多雲戰略，第二階段是從資源導向轉爲應用導向，第三階段是應用的雲化和開源。但這不是完全割裂的，而是相互交疊發展的。“雲計算的未來一定是應用導向型的，這個應用不只是 SaaS，也可以是在 PaaS 層。同時，一定是結合開源和雲原生的趨勢。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"但陳維廣強調，現階段真正的問題是，國內上雲的歷程還沒有完全走完，還有很多企業的 IT 環境是跑在傳統服務器上的。所以應用的雲化趨勢，要以企業雲化的節奏爲前提，只有越來越多企業開始用公有云、混合雲，並且開始用到容器，應用層和雲原生趨勢下的機會纔會顯現。當然，這個節奏不會比國外慢，只是起步晚。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"另一個關鍵詞是開源。“選擇開源，生態就會有更多貢獻者，未來才能成爲標準，就能有更紮實的上下游生態，加速多元服務的滲透和增長。服務所帶來的增長比底層計算資源更有生命力，這已經是被過去很多 IT\\CT 國際巨頭反覆驗證過了的”，陳維廣認爲。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"最近，大熱的雲原生被很多人理解爲應用的雲化，但在陳維廣看來這樣理解並不全面。“雲原生的意義在於，任何開發者都可以至下而上的催生創新。”以青雲 QingCloud 旗下容器平臺 KubeSphere 爲例，容器是開源的，所有人都可以參與在它之上開發應用和工具。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"彩蛋環節：投資雲計算企業會考察什麼？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"陳維廣：“藍馳關注所有能在雲上重做一遍的應用的機會，包括 PaaS 和 SaaS。這在投資佈局中，可以是橫縱兩條線。“"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"PaaS 是橫線。重點考察一個 PaaS 工具是否能夠跨雲，是否能幫助開發者提升效能，更考驗創始團隊的技術能力。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"SaaS 是縱線。要垂直到各個具體行業中去。“在國內做 SaaS 一定要和行業緊密接合，比如針對醫療、工業等具體的場景來做，能切入具體場景和交易環節的。“陳維廣表示。"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在投資階段上，藍馳關注早期，以 Pre A 到 A 輪爲主。“我們不關心別人投了什麼，會獨立做出判斷，產品 + 技術 + 商業模式如何構成三角，中間是什麼樣的創始人和企業基因。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"以青雲 QingCloud 爲例。阿里雲是 2009 年開始對外提供服務的。在青雲科技創業前後的很多年裏，是屬於公有云的 1.0 時代。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"巨頭圍城圈地，小公司都剛起步，資源有限必須聚焦。青雲 QingCloud 全面佈局公私統一架構的混合雲，需要大量投入不被看好。但藍馳還是投了。黃允松和他的團隊有企業服務基因，創業的第一天起就以金融大客戶爲主，比行業內大多數人都更早看清楚趨勢，看重混合雲。當然，技術也很過硬。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“當時與我們對趨勢判斷類似，敢嘗試在雲計算創業的很少，”陳維廣介紹，“少數人走的路，除了成功，更可能發生的是失敗，因爲對底層技術的能力和投入要求太高了。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“青雲科技創業九年，經歷很多檻。從成立團隊、拿到藍馳的第一輪投資開始，先要搞定金融行業的標杆客戶。之後，在巨頭獵場上，他們要繼續融到新錢去支持研發和獲客、用私有云策略應付價格戰、死磕 PaaS 層、迎戰混合雲。現在，正經歷第五個增長曲線，佈道傳統客戶、觸達增量市場、鋪設全國的渠道網絡”。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“這樣的壓力下，仍選擇以終爲始，做困難但有意義的事，我們一定會支持！”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}}]}