“你100%是IBM的员工”，IBM警告内核维护者背后：开发者的业余项目应该归谁？

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“你100%都是IBM的员工”。近日，IBM“警告”内核维护者一事再次引发讨论，开发者业余时间开发的项目，到底应该归谁所有？"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"IBM不满员工使用个人邮箱为内核贡献代码"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"近日，一位IBM工程师被要求从Linux内核网络提交文件IBM Power SR-IOV 虚拟网卡驱动程序的维护者清单中除名。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"而被除名的原因是因为，这名开发人员使用他个人的电子邮箱在业余时间为驱动程序工作。在该项目中，维护者在更新的commit写道，他被下达了一个指令："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“作为IBM员工，你不允许使用gmail帐户在VNIC上以任何方式工作。你不允许把你的个人电子邮件帐户作为一种“爱好”。你100%都是IBM的员工。请将自己从维护者文件中完全删除。我给你一次对VNIC贡献的例外情况，来做出这一变更。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"其实，很多Linux内核开发人员会使用他们的个人电子邮件地址来提交内核补丁或处理其他补丁工作，这是相当普遍的事，因为他们在个人业余时间也会参与内核开发。有时，当他们在私人时间从事内核开发时，还偶尔会在不同雇主间跳槽，同时仍然保持与上游内核社区互动。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"不过一些公司对这种行为的包容度并不高，他们很难接受员工在工作时间产出了代码，却以个人的名义提交给内核。有些公司会强制员工使用他们公司的电子邮件地址提交补丁以及对外进行技术沟通。IBM这次的做法就相当强硬。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"IBM澄清：倡导和鼓励员工以任何形式参与开源项目"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"4月22日，IBM对此事引发的争议进行了回应。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"IBM联系了外媒Phoronix，并回应称，IBM促进并鼓励参与Linux开源社区，不管使用的是IBM电子邮件ID还是个人电子邮件ID。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"IBM的开放技术副总裁Todd Moore表示，“我们尊重我们的开发人员作为个人的需要，他们以个人ID贡献的开放源代码代表了他们和他们的简历。这是一次不应该公开的分歧，因为有内部准则来解决它。我们的贡献者通常会有一个个人GitHub ID和一个IBM GitHub ID。我们使用工具来跟踪这两个ID下的贡献，以确保每个人都能在我们的表彰计划中获得学分。我们重视并鼓励开源贡献，无论是代码、代码评审、文档、问题分类，还是把参与开源当作是打造个人品牌的方式，IBM 都不会禁止员工参与开源。”"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"员工业务时间做的开发项目，该归谁所有？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"此事在社交平台引起热议。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"对于IBM的态度，很多网友发表了自己的看法。有人认为，IBM的做法是非法的，因为雇主不应阻止和干涉员工在业余时间做的事情。网友A认为“你100%是IBM的员工”这一说法不妥，难道员工100%的时间都是属于公司吗？“如果他是IBM的员工，IBM会付给他100%的报酬吗，而不仅仅是8个小时?”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"网友B称，他的一个朋友在IBM(欧洲)做软件工程师，他们确实不被允许在业余时间用他们的个人账户做开源贡献。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"还有人表示，这是工程合同的常见规定。在公司工作期间产生的所有IP都属于公司财产，无论是否“全天候”进行操作。这就是为什么很多工程师通常在创办公司之前就辞职的原因，因为旧雇主将拥有IP所有权。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“我有一个雇主坚持要拥有我编写的每一行代码，即使是在我自己的时间写的” ，网友C抱怨道。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"开发者业余时间开发的项目，应该归谁所有，这一直是一个很难界定的问题。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2019年底，Nginx 创始人被捕了。他的前东家 Rambler 集团对 NGINX Inc. 提出了侵犯版权的诉讼，声称拥有 Nginx 网络服务器代码的全部所有权。莫斯科警方在一次突袭行动中，查封了 Nginx 在莫斯科的总部，扣押了设备、带走并讯问了多位雇员，包括联合创始人兼现任首席技术官 Igor Sysoev，以及联合创始人 Maxim Konovalov。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"这一案件中最大的争议在于 Rambler 声称 Igor Sysoev 在担任公司系统管理员时开发了 Nginx，因此 Rambler 拥有 Nginx 技术的所有权，它们才是该项目的合法所有人。而 Sysoev 声称项目是用“业余时间”进行开发的。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"这一事件迅速引起了整个科技圈的注意，这其中就包括谷歌。根据谷歌的最新规定，公司雇员可以向公司递交申请让个人项目脱离谷歌，但谷歌未必会批准每一个申请。一旦未被批准，就意味着该项目属于公司所有。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"开发员在工作时间以外（晚上或节假日）做的项目的版权是不是归雇主所有？目前还没有明确的统一的法律来判定，似乎一切取决于雇主是否够“猥琐”。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"从一个业余项目发展成为大公司的案例不在少数。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Dropbox 的创始人 Drew Houston 在做 Dropbox 的时候任职于一家初创公司 Bit9，并曾表示“一些工作是在 Bit9 的办公室完成的”。辞职时他咨询了律师并得到了签名信，以表明 Bit9 在 Dropbox 中没有任何股权、所有权。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"陈士骏是 Facebook 前 15 号员工，在脸书上班的时候消失了一段时间，回来工作后立刻辞职。他离开脸书后，创办了 YouTube。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"程序员的业余项目，有助于提高员工自身能力的全面发展，也能一定程度的避免职业倦怠。有的公司会比较鼓励，比如微软有 moonlight 计划，员工业余可以做自己的项目，只要符合一定的要求就行，比如不能使用公司资产，不能与公司现有产品竞争以及不能有利益冲突等。作为员工，只要你别太过分，雇主一般不会纠结于你的业余做了什么。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"将业余项目做大的开发者，也的确是会面临一些风险。项目吸引力越大，风险越大。当大企业诉诸法庭时，靠拖都能拖垮一家小企业。在没有这样一条明确法律时，开发者应该关注任职期间跟公司签约的合同上是否有明确说明“企业拥有员工在所有时间、所有地点所作出的所有项目的拥有权”。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"那么，业余项目究竟属于开发者个人，还是属于开发者所在的企业呢？你是否留意过你的企业有这样的明文规定呢？如果是你遇到这种类似的，你该怎么办呢？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"italic"},{"type":"size","attrs":{"size":10}}],"text":"参考链接："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"italic"},{"type":"size","attrs":{"size":10}}],"text":"https:\/\/www.phoronix.com\/scan.php?page=news_item&px=IBM-Open-Source-Leisure-Work"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"italic"},{"type":"size","attrs":{"size":10}}],"text":"《Nginx 之父被抓，前东家想要 Nginx 技术的所有权了》"}]}]}