钉钉摊牌低代码，做生态基座、被集成！

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"低代码领域又有新动作！"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"5 月 28 日，阿里云峰会上公布了一组数据：钉钉平台应用总数超过百万，3 个月时间增长了近一倍，其中低代码应用数 3 个月新增了近 38 万个。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"紧接着第二天，钉钉又扔出另一张牌，正式发布了国内首个低代码开发聚合平台——“钉钉搭”低代码应用广场。甚至有人将“钉钉搭”称作是低代码领域的 App Store。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"看来，钉钉在低代码这件事情上彻底“躺平”了。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"回顾低代码的整个发展历程，总是起伏不定。虽然现在我们还无法断言这波儿起势是否能够一直持续，但可以肯定的是，低代码正在发生新的变化：原来各自为政的发展模式正在演变为协同团战，出现生态角色的分工，原来门槛很高的软件开发正在变得 UGC 化。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"今年的科技圈热词——低代码"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"毫无疑问，今年围绕低代码的讨论又多了起来。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"首先是资本市场的反应，从 2018 年开始，低代码就在海外投资圈活跃起来了，OutSystems 获得了 KKR 和高盛 3.6 亿美金融资，成为低代码领域的独角兽；两个月之后，德国科技公司西门子宣布以 7 亿美元的价格收购荷兰低代码公司 Mendix。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"这两次大型投资收购事件引发了新一轮的低代码热潮，也让研究机构再次将目光聚焦于低代码平台。Gartner 重新界定了 LCAP 概念，并在 2020 年 9 月发布的低代码应用开发魔力象限报告中大胆预测：到 2023 年，预计将由 50% 的大中型企业采用低代码平台作为其战略应用平台之一。同时到 2024 年，全球将由 65% 的应用程序都将涉及低代码开发。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"除了 Gartner，Forrester Research 也很看好低代码的发展：“2020 年低代码市场规模或将达到 155 亿美元，超过 75％的应用程序将在低代码 \/ 零代码平台中开发。公民开发者的比例将从 2017 年的 40% 提升到 2020 年的 70%。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"回看国内的低代码发展，根据前瞻产业研究院发布的《2021 年中国低代码行业市场现状及投融资分析》报告，从 2016 年至 2020 年，中国低代码市场共有 59 起投融资事件，其中 2020 年发生了 14 次投融资。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/wechat\/images\/e4\/e41e6e9a2f1e1d1b46c912887ad2da17.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":null,"href":null,"fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"为什么低代码在这个阶段突然爆火了呢？疫情自然是其中之一，疫情加速了大家对于数字化的需求，企业需要使用数字化的方式来帮助他们解决问题。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在钉钉搭平台的负责人叶周全看来，其次是云计算整体基础设施的成熟，给了低代码更好的发展土壤，灵活的计算资源调度、可视化编排，让低代码按需使用、快捷开发才能真正落地的更加彻底。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"资本市场、研究机构、大厂入局，市场火热之势明显，但也有人认为还会再重演它过去的历史，在火热中渐渐褪去直指沉寂。但这一次更多人都认为低代码这一次真的起来了。但一直欠缺一个实证来证明低代码这一轮的火热，和以前并不一样。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"不过，在钉钉最新公布的数据中，也许我们可以得到印证：低代码战略公布三个月后，让钉钉平台应用总数增长了近一倍，单纯低代码应用也新增了近 38 万个。可以看到，低代码被最终用户在接纳、认可。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"重要的是，在叶周全描述的用户实例中，可以听到这些用户群体中，大量的是 HR，是财务，是基层政府工作人员，是医生、教师这些不懂 IT 的人；行业属性上，是制造、建筑，是基层政务、教育行业，这些过去信息化水平低的行业；从城市维度上，是邢台巨鹿县、泸州古蔺县，以及乡村，这些大众口中的下沉市场，甚至很少听到数字化。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"3 个月应用增长 38 万，且大部分非 IT 人员开发，低代码从行业内走到大众中，从 IT 走向不懂技术小白，走向那个“人人都是开发者”的愿景中。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"低代码，正在将开发 UGC 化"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"实际上，关于低代码的使用人群一直是大家热议的话题，有人说：“它的受众应该是程序员或者开发者，精简重复开发”，也有人认为：“它面向的是业务人员，不然低代码的价值不大”。皆有道理。但如果限定了群体，就不足以让低代码开发平民化、全民化，走到“人人都是开发者”。而叶周全则表示：“人人都可用低代码，人人都是低代码开发者。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"今年春节前夕，面对返乡大潮带来的防疫挑战，河北省邢台市巨鹿县张毛庄村的村书记张增勇用了一天时间，在钉钉上快速搭建和上线了返乡申报功能，让春节返乡的村民可以提前申报，进行应急管理。后来，这项来自基层治理的创新功能，被纳入钉钉数字区县“百姓通”产品中，并分享到全国区县中。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"今年 2 月，合肥师范学院附属实验小学校长彭正带领一帮不懂代码的教师，借助低代码开发工具“宜搭”，在钉钉上陆续开发了 50 多个智慧校园应用，涵盖教学、科研、管理、后勤等模块，目前最快实现了 10 分钟搭建一个应用的速度，用低成本实现了学校的管理数字化。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"秘觉是福建一家主攻外卖的公司，拥有 150 多家加盟店。秘觉刚刚走红时，在享受业务快速增长的甜蜜同时，也饱受着采购和供应链管理混乱的困扰。自嘲“连 Excel、PPT 都不会用”的周勋，在自学了三个月之后，就在钉钉上搭出了一套简单实用的采购管理系统，帮助公司实现了采购全流程的在线化、透明化。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"以上三个故事的主人公都有一个共同特点，他们并不是我们传统意义上的程序员或者开发者，甚至并不懂什么是开发、什么是低代码，但是简单学习后依然走进了做出了一个个数字化的系统，且能实际使用。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"这与内容创作的演进历程非常相似。以前内容创作的专业门槛和资源门槛高，后来有了知乎、微博、微信等内容发布平台，全民都可以写随笔或者随手拍。这是内容创作的 UGC 化。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"低代码，某种意义上是在将开发 UGC 化。全民 UGC 的前提是成本足够低，专业门槛要求低，以及创作难度低、周期足够短，当然最终产出的质量是另一说，但无疑也带动了内容创作的繁华时代，全民可参与。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"钉钉摊牌了，被集成、做低代码的平台生态"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"人人都是开发者，难题就交给了提供服务的平台。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"众所周知，低代码不是一个新概念。如果往前追溯，低代码的定义是 2014 年由 Forrester Research 研究机构正式提出，经过多年的发展，低代码有了很多新的变化。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在叶周全看来，低代码平台的发展历程可以分为三个阶段："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在 1.0 时代，低代码平台的核心特点是 BPM 驱动，从流程驱动到流程在线再到移动审批，用户不用关心底层技术实现；"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在 2.0 时代，低代码平台的核心特点是元数据驱动，这个阶段用户不再满足于移动审批，而是希望做到端到端业务在线，从底层业务建模到中间业务编排、业务规则梳理再到数据报表呈现，全部都覆盖到，而一套元数据驱动的语言就可以实现这些目标；"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在 3.0 时代，低代码平台的核心是数据驱动和业务集成的互利互通。事实上，很多企业的当前 IT 系统中已经采购了 ERP、OA 等系统，他们并不想抛弃之前的系统，低代码平台要实现与这些系统的互联互通。"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"当低代码平台发展到 3.0 时代，如何实现互联互通呢？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"据阿里巴巴副总裁、钉钉事业部负责人叶军介绍，钉钉将升级首页工具栏的“宜搭”一级入口，推出“钉钉搭”。“钉钉搭”集合宜搭、氚云、简道云等钉钉低代码生态产品，打造开发者和开发能力的聚合平台，相当于一个丰富的低代码应用市场，企业和个人开发者可以按需选购。同时，钉钉将开放更多的底层能力，提升开发体验。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"叶周全介绍，从去年发布云钉一体战略之后，钉钉团队逐渐摸索出了三种模式。第一种是基础设施的提供者，整个钉钉低代码平台底层是基于云原生、钉原生的，并与很多阿里云基础设施、钉钉基础能力打通了，服务商可以基于此开发各种各样的 SaaS 产品；第二种是应用互联互通的连接者，钉钉推出钉钉“搭”平台，在这个应用广场上会有上千种产品供用户选择，且这些应用都是默认互联互通的；第三种是人人都是低代码开发者，做更好的市场培育，培养更多的数字化人才，满足企业对于数字化人才的现有诉求。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/wechat\/images\/9f\/9fda7fd8a654e930a74aaa9e0322f9ec.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":null,"href":null,"fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在钉钉“搭”低代码应用广场的产品列表中，我们发现了一些熟悉的名字：氚云、简道云、易鲸云等等。相信大家都会有这样的疑问：它们本身就是低代码领域的玩家，应该与宜搭是竞争对手，为什么会出现在“搭”低代码应用广场中？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"普遍认知里，谈及低代码，似乎各家都一样，那必然会竞争。但操作系统有生态，开源有生态，云有生态，SaaS 有生态，为何低代码就不需要生态？叶周全表示，钉钉搭就是在做低代码的基座。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"过去低代码局限在业内，很重要的原因是创业者要做的事情太多。低代码解决不了所有事，主要是快速搭建应用，但底层的计算、存储、网络是云厂商才能解决。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"其次，低代码应用天然不适合独立存在，它需要搭建在其它系统上，比如医生可以用低代码搭建门诊管理工具，但如果对某个单子有疑问需要沟通，他不具备自己搭建 IM、视频会议的能力，但这些系统的能力又不是低代码玩家可以解决的。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"所以，宜搭走向了钉钉搭，从做业务的玩家向做能力的基座转变，通过钉钉搭这个入口，将阿里的云计算、AI 技术，钉钉平台的基础能力，比如聊天、音视频、工作台等，以及行业基础能力都抽象成能力被集成，提供给其它低代码平台和用户使用。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"据统计，目前钉钉已开放 1300 个 API 接口，宜搭、氚云、简道云三大低代码生态产品已开发模板 360 多款，覆盖建筑、制造、贸易、零售、互联网、房地产、餐饮、政府、教育等主要行业，满足人事、财务、采购、销售、售后、仓库等角色人群快速搭建应用的需求。生态厂商还与行业企业、政府、学校深入共创，基于低代码开发打造了 40 多套行业解决方案，帮助企业组织快速一站式实现业务数字化。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"钉钉“搭”低代码应用广场，代表了一种更开放的低代码平台，身处其中的平台都可以集成与被集成，大家站在彼此的肩膀上，提供更好的服务。正如氚云业务负责人马旭飞所言：“钉钉‘搭’低代码应用广场作为一个容器，可以吸纳各家优秀的低代码厂商入驻，共同培育和做大市场，也推动各方产品和服务的优化升级，为用户提供更完善的解决方案。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"平台并不好做，怎么让体验一致，怎么让最终用户使用顺畅，怎么保障运维和安全的门槛。不可否认的是，这的确是实际应用会存在的问题，不过，叶周全表示：“平台就要承担责任，这些难题都应该交给搭这个基座来解决。”"}]}]}