對話騰訊雲陳浪交：雲原生技術助力泛互企業數字化轉型

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"嘉賓 ｜ 陳浪交"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"採訪 ｜ 凌敏"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"作者 ｜ 張雅文"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"當前，在數字化轉型浪潮背景下，千行百業積極擁抱雲原生，助力業務加快實現變革。5 月 21 日，騰訊雲容器產品架構師團隊負責人陳浪交在 GTLC 全球總站上發表了《雲原生架構在騰訊的演進歷程》主題演講，揭開了騰訊在內部衆多業務推廣雲原生技術背後的關鍵演進歷程與實踐。會後，InfoQ 也有幸採訪到陳浪交，進一步瞭解雲原生技術爲泛互聯網行業帶來的變革。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"騰訊的雲原生架構演進、現狀與實踐經驗"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"雲原生的改造過程並非一蹴而就，企業往往會選擇比較穩妥的方式去完成雲原生改造。過程中一般先拿一些簡單的模塊試水，逐漸積累雲原生的技術經驗，加強信心，一步步走到深水區，最終完成整個企業的雲原生技術改造。在騰訊，雲原生改造同樣是一件經過了深思熟慮的事情。根據陳浪交的介紹，在騰訊決定將雲原生作爲公司的統一技術戰線，並給容器產品找到了重要抓手——TKE集羣之後，整個改造過程就有序開展了。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"第一階段，騰訊將新開發的產品線逐步雲原生化，從TKE集羣逐步遷移。在這個過程中，各業務線的核心繫統暫時不動，對接TKE集羣。爲了滿足部分沒有上到公有云的業務，騰訊採用混合雲的方案，在公有云和IDC裏面均部署了TKE集羣。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"第二階段，騰訊開始考慮將公司的部分離線業務部署到TKE集羣。這樣做的好處是盤活了事業羣的所有資源，進一步提升資源利用率。此外，騰訊對CI進行了統一。內部使用騰訊CI，公有云提供Coding。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"第三階段，騰訊主要針對之前出現的一些問題進行優化。通過優化，消除了兩層調度帶來的調度複雜度，解決部分敏感業務的隔離性、穩定性問題，同時滿足了需要臨時資源任務計算的需求等。這個階段產生了新的產品——EKS，自研雲成果也逐步推廣到公有云客戶。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"經過幾年的技術積累，騰訊的雲原生承受住了非常多內外部業務的考驗，到現在已經步入非常成熟的階段。騰訊雲原生產品矩陣，涵蓋了從軟件研發、計算資源、架構框架、數據存儲與處理到安全防護等五個大領域，30多個細分產品領域。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/01\/06\/01ffa2b7c816fe06606176774e1c0106.png","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"回顧騰訊雲原生改造歷程，陳浪交認爲，其中的關鍵在於騰訊鼓勵各個BG創新，對各BG在產品以及技術發展上給予了很大的自由度，這種公司文化極大地促進了公司產品的多樣性，帶來的問題是很難統籌整個公司的技術發展路線。在930變革之後，騰訊加大了公司技術委員會的投入，從總辦層面自上而下推動技術路線、基礎設施的統一。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在雲原生的實踐過程中，騰訊積累的經驗主要可歸結爲以下3點："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"公司管理需注重柔性管理與剛性管理結合。"},{"type":"text","text":"柔性體現在給予團隊更大的自由度，使得個人創造力得到充分發揮。剛性體現在對於公司內共性的、基礎性的能力，需要統籌。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"雲原生等重大架構演進需要頂層推動。"},{"type":"text","text":"雲原生是一個技術生態，涉及到DevOps過程的方方面面，也涉及到所有技術團隊的配合，落地過程需要持續、強力的推進。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"演進過程不能一蹴而就。"},{"type":"text","text":"前期需要做好調研跟技術積累，在業務容器化的同時做好DevOps工具鏈的對接，同時技術能力較強的企業可以逐步把離線、大數據、AI、中間件等業務也持續做好容器化。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"雲原生技術助力泛互聯網企業加快數字化轉型"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在陳浪交看來，泛互聯網行業是雲原生技術使用率最高的行業。一方面，在泛互聯網行業，產品發佈和技術人員的迭代都非常迅速。而云原生最大的特點就是敏捷。另一方面，泛互聯網行業的技術人員相對來說對新技術更敏感，他們能夠敏銳察覺雲原生的優勢。比起製造業、政企傳統，人員儲備能力相對強一些。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"騰訊的目標是讓企業上雲“更簡單”，當前，騰訊雲在泛互聯網企業已積累了多個最佳實踐。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"以電商爲例，作爲近年關注度較高的產業領域，電商行業發展迅猛。隨着業務規模的爆發增長，高效提升用戶訪問體驗和購物體驗尤爲重要。於此同時，電商平臺普遍面臨原有服務器資源有限，自建強大穩定的基礎設施投入大、維護成本高、需耗費大量人力物力的問題，這些問題的存在正掣肘平臺快速增長的步伐。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"基於此，選擇雲服務作爲彈性手段，快速部署業務成爲一個較優的選擇。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"騰訊雲打造的雲原生解決方案，爲各種規模的企業提供靈活、安全、穩定、低成本的方案，助力泛互聯網領域企業加快數字化轉型，縮短開發週期，從容面對業務高峯、安全壓力等，在市場競爭中脫穎而出。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"雲原生是統一與開放、成本與創新的最佳平衡"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"雲原生技術助力泛互聯網企業加快數字化轉型的同時，也幫助企業實現了業務創新。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"陳浪交認爲，雲原生是統一與開放、成本與創新的最佳平衡。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"所謂統一與開放，統一指的是，雲原生作爲一個大的平臺，把各項技術方案及整個架構都統一到雲原生上面。開放是指雲原生技術是開源的，由大家共建。比如大數據場景，通過雲原生推出，各個公司都可以拿來用，不僅平臺是開放，上面的很多組件是開放的，就連平臺上衍生其他的能力也是開放的。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"所謂成本與創新，指的是雲原生在實現資源統一調度的同時，可以非常便捷的管控整體對資源的利用率，節約資源方面的成本。團隊協作起來，效率更高，可以減少大家的溝通成本。在雲原生之前，企業可能需要一些專門管服務器的運維人員、專門管部署的人員、還需要負責測試的人員，現在整個DevOps效率提升了以後，在雲原生框架之下，整個團隊人員會少一些，每個人的能力會更強。通過技術層面的創新，降低各方面的成本，實現成本與創新的最佳平衡。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"寫在最後"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在採訪的最後，陳浪交也對容器技術的未來趨勢做出了3點預測："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"容器將會深入到更多的場景。"},{"type":"text","text":"通常企業先是把在線業務遷移到容器，同時會建設基於容器的DevOps平臺或者工具鏈。在這個過程中，企業將更加深入地認識到容器在標準化、降本增效方面的價值，決定把在線業務之外的包括離線業務、大數據、AI、中間件等業務都遷移到容器。這個趨勢是不可逆轉的，一旦使用了代表先進生產力的雲原生技術，一定會有把所有工作負載都接入的想法，這同時也會推動社區不斷完善雲原生生態，使其支持更多的場景、降低企業接入的成本。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"服務治理。"},{"type":"text","text":"Kubernetes提供了較好的sidecar容器的支持，使得我們能夠把應用中通用的、統一的部分能力抽象出來通過sidecar容器來部署，這爲服務治理提供了重要的基礎能力。以前的服務治理框架集成在應用的sdk中，不同開發語言、框架的sdk如何支持協議轉換、能力如何對齊， sdk的升級是一件非常艱難的工作。企業接入到雲原生架構後，可以把這些能力統一到sidecar中，Istio就是一個非常典型的基於sidecar的服務治理平臺。隨着Kubernetes的普及，應用服務治理跟應用本身的解耦，通用的、平臺化的服務治理能力趨勢越來越明顯。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"Serverless化。"},{"type":"text","text":"Kubernetes極大地提升了集羣工作負載調度和資源管理的能力，但維護Kubernetes集羣節點，以及對接彈性伸縮資源池也是一項比較複雜和繁瑣的工作。我們理想化的需求是我只需要關心業務，經過標準化的devops流程進行開發、發佈、升級業務，至於何時需要擴容、縮容，準備、銷燬計算資源、資源利用率我都不需要關心。隨着雲計算的進一步發展，各大雲廠商都在努力提供serverless化的雲原生服務，包括serverless 函數，serverless Kubernetes集羣等，這些產品都不需要客戶維護計算資源，平臺會根據各種指標來決定如何進行資源彈性伸縮，客戶只需要關心自己的業務，以及爲實際需要的資源量付費。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"嘉賓介紹："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"陳浪交，"},{"type":"text","text":"騰訊雲、容器產品架構師團隊負責人。十年後臺開發經驗，先後在阿里巴巴廣告與搜索、百度鳳巢團隊從事核心廣告檢索服務開發，16年起負責騰訊雲容器服務整體架構設計與開發，目前主要負責騰訊雲容器服務的售前、售中、售後相關工作。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]}]}