什麼樣的開發者找工作最喫香

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"引言"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"關於本報告"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"每年，我們都會向我們寶貴的開發者和人力資源社區瞭解更多關於技術領域的情況。我們詢問他們的項目、挑戰和優先事項。在今天的就業市場中，我們對開發者進行了深入調查，並瞭解作爲開發者和招聘開發者意味着什麼。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"爲了創建這份報告，我們調查了全球近 15000 位開發者和人力資源專業人士。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在這份報告中，你將會找到一些獨特而有價值的見解，例如："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"有 80% 的人力資源專業人士招聘非學歷背景的開發者。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"有 48% 的公司爲開發者提供了 100% 遠程工作的機會。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在 2021 年，DevOps 是需求最大的開發者。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在 2021 年，大多數技術專業人士都會關注候選人的經驗。"}]}]}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"關於 CodinGame"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"我們的使命是建立一個最有吸引力的在線平臺，讓開發者可以通過玩遊戲和解決難題來免費磨練自己的編程技能。CodinGame 會員還可以與頂級公司建立聯繫，找到他們感興趣並且具有挑戰性的工作。我們正在爲基於技能而非簡歷的技術招聘鋪平道路！超過 200 萬代碼愛好者加入了我們的 CodinGame.com。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"同時，我們也在努力幫助那些想要僱傭和留住技術程序員的公司（Facebook、美國銀行、任天堂、育碧、華納兄弟等等）。客戶們轉向了"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.codingame.com\/work\/?fileGuid=AR3CLeZg3PgaaB0y","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"CodinGame for Work"}]},{"type":"text","text":"這個集成技術招聘平臺，以前所未有的方式來尋找、篩選和留住技術人才。那要怎麼做呢？多虧了我們創新的招聘工具、可靠的在線技術測試，以及基於遊戲的黑客松。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2021 年開發者概況"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"學習編程：超過三分之一的開發者是自學成才"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"大多數程序員（58.8%）在大學或學校學習編程。但有近 35% 的受訪者認爲自己是自學成才。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"雖然超過三分之一的開發者是自學成才（從教程、書籍、YouTube 等免費資源中受益），但是沒有一個開發者認爲他們只是在“工作”中學習編程。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/resource\/image\/1b\/cf\/1b3b84f1b3dae581ef98b2982bae74cf.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":"center","origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"你是如何學習計算機編程？"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"招聘與非傳統程序員"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"毫無疑問，非學歷背景的開發者（自學成才、訓練營、MOOC、短期培訓課程等）正在嶄露頭角。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"實際上，近 80% 的人力資源專業人士表示，他們已經開始招聘非學歷背景的開發者，24.4% 的人經常這麼做。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"進入計算機編程領域並沒有“正確”的道路。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/resource\/image\/34\/80\/341acfa215ebc48076a633f4470d8c80.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":"center","origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"你是否招聘非學歷背景的開發者？"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"編程語言：JavaScript 佔據領先地位"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"JavaScript、Java 和 Python 一直是最知名的編程語言。超過半數的開發者知道如何用這三種語言進行編程。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"對於主流編程語言 JavaScript 和 Java，各公司與開發者保持同步：近 60% 的開發者需要這種語言。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"但是，當涉及 Python、C 或 C++ 等其他語言時，它就會妨礙其他人的計劃。例如，使用 C 編寫代碼的開發者佔 45.1%，但是隻有 15.4% 的公司需要用 C 進行開發。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/resource\/image\/a2\/9c\/a2621780415d7c0a82bce55226b2309c.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"框架：React 是 2021 年最流行的框架"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"目前，Node.js、React 和 .NETCore 都是最流行的框架。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"React 是最流行的框架。59% 的技術招聘人員正在尋找懂 React 的開發者。遺憾的是，只有 27.6% 的程序員表示他們知道如何使用這個開源的 JavaScript 庫。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"另一個進入招聘者前三名的框架是 Angular2+。實際上，41% 的招聘者正在尋找 Angular2+ 專家。遺憾的是，只有 16.9% 的開發者表示自己瞭解這個應用框架。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/resource\/image\/46\/f3\/465e14a2fb8d9a792f58134960da53f3.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2021 年的科技就業市場"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2021 年招聘目標"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"我們詢問了人力資源社區，他們在 2021 年打算招募多少開發者。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"結果顯示，大多數公司 (64%) 今年都希望招聘多達 50 名開發者。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"其他招聘團隊的招聘目標更加遠大：14.4% 的團隊計劃招聘 50~100 名開發者，13.5% 的團隊希望新開發者超過 100 人。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/resource\/image\/8a\/d1\/8a7d136808c9c8693883df8f245350d1.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":"center","origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2021 年，你計劃招聘多少開發者？"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"開發者對於找工作很有信心"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"這就是我們的工作——開發者們都很清楚！"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"我們詢問開發者在 2021 年換一份開發工作有多容易，他們的平均回答是 7 分（滿分爲 10 分）。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"雖然 2020 年給世界帶來了重重困難，但是今年的開發者們還是和去年一樣自信滿滿（在我們的 2020 年度調查中，開發者們給出了 7 分的平均分，滿分爲 10 分）。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"注：0 分表示作爲開發者，換工作極其困難。10 分表示作爲開發者，換工作很容易。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/resource\/image\/4f\/ed\/4fcf914e3yy8522292910ef16be222ed.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"人力資源專業人士預計，到 2021 年，他們將很難招到 DevOps"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"我們詢問了人力資源專業人士對哪些職位有需求，但他們預計在 2021 年時會很難招到合適的人選。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"哪三個職位最難招到人呢？是 DevOps、後端開發者和全棧開發者。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"實際上，近半數（43.3%）的人力資源專業人士認爲，到 2021 年，他們將很難爲自己的技術團隊找到合格的 DevOps。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/resource\/image\/de\/8e\/de3fc3194c61d85197da64f5d7b8818e.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":"center","origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"你認爲 2021 年你很難找到 \/ 招聘到哪些職位？"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2021 年人力資源重點工作：候選人經驗是首要考慮因素"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"我們詢問了人力資源專業人士今年計劃重點關注和 \/ 或投資的內容。候選人經驗、人才保留和僱主品牌都很重要。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"很明顯，企業會盡力吸引、僱用和留住優秀的開發者。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在團隊建設、招聘活動、新的流程、線上活動等方面，我們都能看到新的舉措。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/resource\/image\/35\/94\/3575d845ddff6c5be75fdfe48ce85994.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":"center","origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2021 年你打算投資 \/ 開發什麼？"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"各行業開發者的工資"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"經過對受訪者的行業和工資的交叉覈對之後，我們爲各個行業列出了國際上的平均技術工資清單。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"結果顯示，收入最高的開發者從事“安全”行業，其次是“技術”、“保險”和“能源”。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"這類高收入行業的開發者的工資與那些低收入行業，如“公共管理”和“IT 服務”，大約相差 1.5 萬美元（年）。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/resource\/image\/fe\/b9\/fea463853442d995b783e6a6c3f9abb9.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"技術職位和開發者平均工資"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"我們發現，軟件構架師的年收入平均爲 74585 美元（連續第二年），是世界上年收入最高的開發者，其次是數據科學家。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"這兩個高薪職位的平均年薪都在 5.5 萬元以上。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"但是，前端開發或測試人員等其他職位的工資則要低得多。實際上，結果顯示全球前端開發者的平均工資是 34946 美元。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/resource\/image\/38\/d2\/382334eeec13c2bb261b61889d7452d2.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"開發者是否願意搬遷？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"一句話，是的。很多開發者都願意爲了一份工作而搬到其他國家。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"實際上，44.4% 的開發者願意接受國際職位，但是他們必須贏得競爭！他們也可能會在自己所在的城市或地區尋找工作機會。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"36.5% 的人力資源專業人士在海外尋找技術人才。到 2021 年，遠程工作普及後，這一數字會增加嗎？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/resource\/image\/38\/d2\/382334eeec13c2bb261b61889d7452d2.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"從地理上來講，你打算在哪裏尋找新的工作機會？"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"遠程工作與開發者"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"遠程工作的興起，贏得了開發者的青睞。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"如果我們問開發者是喜歡遠程工作還是在辦公室工作，只有 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