{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"italic","attrs":{}}],"text":"筆者在去年寫過信息化操作系統（BIOS）的設想，一年後再談BIOS，本文將進一步闡述對這一新形態的思考。","attrs":{}}]}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"什麼是BIOS","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"BIOS的普遍定義是基本輸入輸出系統（Basic Input Output System），而這裏所說的BIOS是業務信息化操作系統（Business Informationization OS），這是我取的名稱，前者（Basic Input Output System）是現代計算機的核心繫統，而後者（Business Informationization OS）將是現代企業信息化的核心繫統。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"從中臺的角度看BIOS便是技術中臺最終的產出物（詳見我之前的文章：http://www.idealworld.group/2020/05/12/business-informationization-os/ ），無獨有偶，阿里在後來也表示“中臺其實是一個新型的操作系統”（ https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000040116627 ）。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"可以說行業的趨勢已很明顯，在企業數字化轉型的當口，雲架構爲其掃平了基礎設施的障礙，如何從軟件架構層面入手提供穩定、快速地支撐業務成爲了信息化提供商們的兵家必爭之地。前有以SAP、甲骨文、微軟爲代表的套裝軟件方案，後有百花齊放的SaaS化平臺解決方案，再有以阿里爲首的中臺賦能轉型方案，當我們拋開概念看本質，一次次的改變都有明確的技術升級訴求：","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"多雲適配：當下雲架構必定是主流，而多雲適配、無廠商綁定也越來越被重視","attrs":{}}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"開箱即用：支持基礎的、常用的場景需求，用戶不用在這方面投入額外的研發成本","attrs":{}}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"靈活定製：支持爲複雜的、個性化的場景需求提供低門檻的擴展能力","attrs":{}}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"開放共建：實現能力複用，減少重複研發","attrs":{}}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}}]}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"而這些正是BIOS所要解決的問題，BIOS由 ","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"兩大屬性一個生態","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":" 組成：","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"操作系統","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"屬性，面向技術領域，對應於PaaS、BaaS層，制定技術規範，對下適配不同的雲平臺，對上提供穩定、安全、豐富的開發API","attrs":{}}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"業務信息化","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"屬性，面向業務領域，一是建設標準化的核心業務服務，實現開箱即用，對應於SaaS層；二是建設在線化的應用構建平臺（低代碼），實現複雜個性業務的快速構建，對應於aPaaS層","attrs":{}}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"開放共建","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":"生態，面向運營領域，以開放的心態吸納更多的上下游廠商共同建設完善，提供以物料市場爲核心的共建共享共贏能力","attrs":{}}]}]}],"attrs":{}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"BIOS既可以獨立服務於企業數字化轉型，又可以與主流的中臺結合，作爲中颱的核心能力，藉由中臺組織架構的拉通實現更高層面的研發協作及能力複用。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"用一句話概況: ","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong","attrs":{}}],"text":"BIOS是一種低侵入、高適配、快產出的賦能企業數字化轉型的新形態","attrs":{}},{"type":"text","text":" 。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在BIOS的形態下企業可以使用很低的（軟、硬件）成本部署在不同的（公有或私有）雲平臺之上，BIOS自身提供了用戶權限、用戶觸達、流程決策等基礎功能，在物料市場中還可以獲取更多可複用的功能，爲我們的產品研發提供了豐富的服務支撐，同時低代碼構建能力也爲產品的快速構建及二次開發提供了強有力的保障。企業只需關注業務實現，軟件研發的複雜度由BIOS自身消化。並且這一切都是可以擴展的，可與企業現有系統集成、可被中臺集成。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"BIOS技術架構","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"從技術層面分析BIOS的核心訴求有：","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"numberedlist","attrs":{"start":null,"normalizeStart":1},"content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":1,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"安全可靠：作爲核心平臺安全可靠必定是最基礎的要求，技術上關注使用內存/類型安全的語言、避免反射、減少三方依賴、使用無狀態服務、完善測試等","attrs":{}}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":2,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"高性能：性能是永恆的追求，核心接口TPS單機1w以上，技術上關注引入Reactive模型、使用分佈式架構、合理的緩存架構、減少或避免GC等","attrs":{}}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":3,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"低成本：降低部署使用的成本，驗證環境資源控制在8C32G內，技術上關注Docker化部署、減少使用Spring等重型框架、服務可拆可合等","attrs":{}}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":4,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"可擴展：支持二次開發及集成，技術上關注功能擴展點設計、模型抽象等","attrs":{}}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/64/643ce2fde724d64ffd40250d7cadbc67.webp","alt":"Image","title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"上圖是BIOS的整體架構設計方案。我在 http://www.idealworld.group/2021/04/25/reflections-of-middle-platform-future-of-technical-architecture/ 此文中有進一步的說明。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/cf/cfe374ecc1ebf3281cd9578f0634c23e.webp","alt":"Image","title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"現代操作系統分爲了內核模式與用戶模式兩大層，對應於BIOS，基礎技術、公共服務中用戶權限及原子服務就是其內核，是PaaS、BaaS層能力，公共服務中的基礎服務及應用構建平臺是用戶模式，基礎服務是SaaS層能力，應用構建平臺是aPaaS層能力。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"與現代操作系統類似，BIOS的內核模式要保證穩定、性能、輕量，所以整體上會考慮採用Rust語言實現，BIOS的用戶模式要保證開發上手簡單、開發迭代快速，所以會使用Java、TS等語言實現。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"BIOS基於Kubernetes，服務網關採用APISix，實現用戶權限過濾、安全防禦等lua插件，服務框架提供基於Actix的Rust性能版本及基於Spring Boot的Java通用版本，DevOps上實現對Gitlab、Nexus、Harbor、Kubernetes、Prometheus等產品的集成形成統一的能力調用。","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"BIOS建設方案","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"要實現BIOS需要多少的投入想必是比較關心的問題，筆者這裏做個簡單地匡算，以目前主流的技術人員水平而言，實現一個基礎版本的BIOS大概資源如下：","attrs":{}}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/90/9066d643d719436ade7f05e4a40f22f3.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"embedcomp","attrs":{"type":"table","data":{"content":"| 模塊 | 核心任務 | 資源需求 | 工期 | 優先級 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
PaaS 基礎技術 | 服務網關、服務框架、DevOps研發 | DevOps *1 後端 *3 前端 *1 | 3m | 高 |
BaaS 公共服務 | 用戶權限、原子服務研發 | 後端 *3 前端 *1 | 3m | 高 |
SaaS 公共服務 | 用戶觸達、數據採集、特徵畫像等 | (後端 *1 前端 *0.5)/服務 | 2m | 低/一期不考慮 |
aPaaS 應用構建平臺 | 應用管理、開發編排、持續發佈 | 後端 *>5 前端 *>3 | 3m | 中 |