透过数字化转型再谈数据中台(四):数据中台不是买来的,是干出来的

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"编者按:《透过数字化转型再谈数据中台》系列连载 6-8 篇左右,作者结合自己在数据中台领域多年实践经验,总结了数据架构知识、BI 知识,以及分享给大家一些产业互联网实施经验。本文是系列文章中的第四篇,主要分享数据中台组织结构的一些探索。数据中台不是买来的,是干出来的。"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"作为一个数据架构师,对一家企业进行数据规划与建设时,是要思考企业的大数据该如何建设。需要从企业阶段现状、诉求、组织结构、数据基础、数据应用能力现状等多方面来思考架构的规划、落地、执行、落地节奏等。同样的,面对“数据中台”的规划建设,企业不同阶段对数据诉求差异性很大,必然导致数据建设、实施策略差异也很大。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/wechat\/images\/90\/90b40f3ed9e41ce9f61405ed3d74018b.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":null,"href":null,"fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"企业的成长"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"企业的变革是受到市场竞争、外部变化、顾客诉求等多种条件作为催化剂,发生的一种自我成长。很多诞生于互联网的企业在上述条件的催化下,通过缩短产品的生命周期来提升对用户的黏性以及商业化变现能力,过程中企业必须迅速的成长与壮大,才会逐渐拿到更大的用户量与市场份额。传统企业无论在成长速度、规模化速度比起互联网企业是较缓慢的,在数字化转型的今天,很多数字化的能力都是从互联网企业先发起变革并逐渐渗透传统的不同各行业。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"一般的企业成长阶段:"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/wechat\/images\/46\/468ca09815e8e69da207705c0022a1b3.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":null,"href":null,"fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"高速扩展型"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/wechat\/images\/69\/699fa0653b58c8072e719d1503369212.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":null,"href":null,"fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"这种企业互联网企业、含有互联网基因的企业,或者是信息化、数字化程度比较高公司(非绝对)。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"数据在业务成长下扮演的角色"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在这个企业的这个过程下数据扮演什么角色呢?"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"企业的第一阶段,企业的业务是从 0 到 1 的,对标着竞品、头部、靠老板的直觉快速成长。这个阶段的企业是能认清自己的方向,但是不完全知道路该怎么走。企业会尽量完善地搜集数据,这些数据上仅对运营起帮助,不指导战略。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":"none"},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"这个过程是让减少运营的错误,但不能用来找方向,只是让管理层多做“对”的决定;初创企业的内部比较杂乱,资金、人员、技术等都比较薄弱,管理也还没有真正的形成,但是其业务目标是非常明确的。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":"none"},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"这个阶段数据团队除了主动去构建准确反应业务的指标之外, 还需要做好拆解业务接下来一些可能的方向。这个阶段很多都是在基建工作,比如埋点的设计、中间层设计,快速部署一些报表体系,还要整理数据的各种日报等,业务上的各种转化漏斗等。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":"none"},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"比如在业务原型或内测阶段,数据团队除了构建基本的数据体系外, 还可以主动分析竞品或相似 App 挖掘里面的功能思考点为什么这么做,如何用指标体系来度量。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":"none"},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"该图左侧是 3 月初的版本,灰色部分是关键指标以及待拆解指标,右侧是 3 月底上线后已经拆解后的关键指标。(这个方向的会归类在从 BI 角度思考业务领域)"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/wechat\/images\/07\/076251223f3e863fbc268836f42379d5.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":null,"href":null,"fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"阶段二,企业知道路上有些步子是对的,有些步子是错的,能渐渐地去掉错误的,集中精力坚持做正确的事情。公司发展动力是"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"上下互动"},{"type":"text","text":"的,这个阶段要总结出大量的“错”、大量的“对”。此时业务可能出现四处乱抓、投石问路、打法不清晰、看不清楚现状、增长遇到瓶颈问题。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":"none"},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"此时数据精准化,数据之间有了关系,数据担当的角色由点连为线以及面;让管理层 q“我有什么,我要什么,我该放弃什么”,如何知道要坚持一些东西放弃一些东西呢,那是因为知道某些业务之间有内在联系,这些联系是需要通过分析与挖掘大量数据来把成果最大化。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":"none"},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"案例之一我在去年分享的一个系列文章《带你轻松遍历用户生命价值与流失挽救(上):流量下的价值套路》, 已经把这个阶段做的事情总结了一些。关于用户的投放、承接、促活这个方向的数据上做的比较体系化、深度分析的一些内容会在以后做分享。"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/wechat\/images\/12\/127a44dd25f127023ea6d1aa364f531f.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":null,"href":null,"fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"阶段三,成熟业务上已经具备护城河,并持续性各种创新,全力保高速增长。这个阶段开始除了关注内部数据外,也得重点关注外部与行业等各种数据,为业务探索距离天花板还有多大的空间,为公司下一步战略找到出路 (挖一个小坑,后续会有小文章单独讲)。"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"透过一个产业互联网企业来探查数据中台的发展"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"考究“数据中台”的来龙去脉,会发现跟企业自身的阶段、业务组织复杂度以及数据组织多样性、企业业务视角有很大关系的。”数据中台“这个词是从消费互联网企业被提出扩散到各行各业, 这次我用一个面向汽车生活的产业互联网企业来做案例稍微展开分享一下。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"回顾面向汽车生活的产业互联网企业的成长历史:"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"公司创业时一直聚焦在汽车的品牌消费、车主服务、生活服务、渠道服务。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"第二年的业务模式发展到售后维修,连锁增加到几千个,服务的客户量增长近百万人次。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"第三年开始公司在车这个领域做的很不错,于是开始尝试二手车买卖、新车买卖、移动出行、数据化服务等创新业务。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"第四年时公司形成了有七个独立 BU,其中四个是独立的 BU、三个创新业务的 BU,简单的画图更加直观的看出这家企业的业务与内部组织结构的简单发展"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/wechat\/images\/ab\/ab44a6fd94a11f80bda0fa5129b2a653.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":null,"href":null,"fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"业务的高速发展,会掩盖各种问题。当发展遇到瓶颈时必然需要各种自我调整找到第二增长点:"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"不停地尝试新的商业模式,给业务带来快速试错与调整,必然就影响到产研、运营的快速适应与变化。一个业务启动后首当其冲的是运营,需要使用人肉顶上去的方式作战,随后产研落地稍微有点滞后性做产品的迭代与上线。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"text":"业务的快速发展,从之前单一的业务逐步到现在的多业务,并在新的业务上做大量的尝试与新的变化,独立业务的 BU 分别成立。这种组织上的横向扩展必然带来的问题是:产品线比以往更宽,客户群体的增加也促使企业提供形式不同的、内容更丰富的业务与服务模式,这种情况下,IT 建设必然是 BU 与 BU 、子公司与子公司之间各自为战。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"italic"}],"text":"商业模式在不停的快速尝试,每一个涉及到的系统都需要去做补丁。不停的升级,所带来的问题就是产品系统一直采用单个应用实现这种方式,Case by Case 的考虑实现, 通过一个规划的 IT 应用来满足响应的业务功能。这种 case by case 实现方式是可以简单粗暴快速实现支撑业务需求,纯属堆积。但是随着业务复杂度提升、业务变革速度加快,需求实现难度与后期维护成本显著加大。"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"业务场景下的数据建设"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"互联网企业比起传统企业来,其业务特点是通过互联网这个渠道跳过很多环节,直接面对最终用户提供产品化、服务化的场景应用。此类企业在业务复杂度、业务成长 \/ 复杂度、数据增长规模,会在某个阶段出现爆发式增长。另外在业务快速发展的阶段, 内部业务组织结构基本是"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"业务自治为主。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/wechat\/images\/47\/476ba5bca8fcf64a930bf95af1c6c12f.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":null,"href":null,"fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"经过快速的信息化建设后,企业很容易形成业务数据孤岛现象。企业为了提升运营效率而进行精细化运营,需要对数据孤岛整合打通,数据价值通过各种数据产品透传给用户。比如,业务的初期,商品、供应链、BD 市场,某些运营部门会构建自己的数据分析系统,当跨业务部门进行数据分析应用时,需要跨各类业务系统或数据系统。为了消除"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"数据孤岛,需要一个职能更大数据团队组织来保证并约束个独立 BU 的数据相关建设。这里面必须包含采集规范、设计规范、模型规范、指标规范等,为了减少重复建设,会利用一些工具化的措施,尽可能地整到一起来做研发与部署运维"},{"type":"text","text":"。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"随着企业数据应用能力提升,大数据知识的普及、平台化、工具化更加完善,大数据在建设、使用上的门槛会更低。企业提供的各类丰富的分析、取数的数据产品,能让用户简单上手的可以使用。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"当功能更丰富了后,用数据的分析师、运营或产品,他们往往不知道数据的口径与来源,加工数据的不知道业务含义。不同部门口径又都不一样,有的从交易来、有的从账务来。这里数据使用与数据加工上就出现了”断层”。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"有时在层级与功能部门前边也可能存在一个断层,对数据价值的内在衡量是不一样的。角色不一样,对于数据价值的的看法也就不同。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"一些使用数据的分析师、运营或产品会自己参与到从数据整理、加工、分析阶段。当数据平台变为自由全开放,使用数据的人也参与到数据的体系建设时,基本会因为不专业型,导致数据质量问题、重复对数据浪费存储与资源、口径多样化等等原因。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/wechat\/images\/21\/21f4481c802a926b3b2de246bb341837.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":null,"href":null,"fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"数据上逐渐凸显的问题与解决"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"因为企业业务快速发展,在这个阶段, 内部"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"业务组织结构基本是业务自治为主,所成立内部小的业务或技术职能组织优先服务自身业务。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"例如虚拟车企的第三个阶段,公司形成了有七个独立 BU,其中四个是独立的 BU、三个创新业务的 BU,从集团角度来看目前只有一个大数据架构团队提供服务集群等。各业务线又要满足自己的各种数据上的需求,独立 BU 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push,都是类似的道理,可以在精准营销上增加很多全局观的矩阵式数据分析与打法。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"最上一层就是面向不同业务线的比较独立的应用,这块可以是由在业务线垂直数据团队来使用下层的很多工具来做快速构建。"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/wechat\/images\/ec\/ec4dec059a039a166c68e5e0f1a83bf6.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":null,"href":null,"fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"所以,在企业级合并中,需要围绕着新的数据主题域做设计,建设更好的公共主题域来支撑各种应用,里面的视频的统一标签、统一的用户 id 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,数据团队内部各种壁垒也蛮有意思,可以抽丝剥茧的去分析与思考。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"相关文章:"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"http:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MjM5MDE0Mjc4MA==&mid=2651076577&idx=4&sn=f1a94450ce3b7e68f2119844603ddcd4&chksm=bdb9cfb28ace46a4fc4a403d3b1d1dbcfc6d51ff28107cbdd80f7b46b1a2af91ee49a92e2342&scene=21#wechat_redirect","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"透过数字化转型再谈数据中台(一):关于数字化转型的几个见解"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"http:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MjM5MDE0Mjc4MA==&mid=2651076577&idx=4&sn=f1a94450ce3b7e68f2119844603ddcd4&chksm=bdb9cfb28ace46a4fc4a403d3b1d1dbcfc6d51ff28107cbdd80f7b46b1a2af91ee49a92e2342&scene=21#wechat_redirect","title":"xxx","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"透过数字化转型再谈数据中台(二):唯一性定理中的数据中台"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"http:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MjM5MDE0Mjc4MA==&mid=2651076577&idx=4&sn=f1a94450ce3b7e68f2119844603ddcd4&chksm=bdb9cfb28ace46a4fc4a403d3b1d1dbcfc6d51ff28107cbdd80f7b46b1a2af91ee49a92e2342&scene=21#wechat_redirect","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"透过数字化转型再谈数据中台(三):一文遍历大数据架构变迁史"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"参考文章:"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"车品觉 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