Serverless時代已來，華爲雲的思考、探索和實踐

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2009 年，伯克利以獨特的視角發佈了一篇文獻，正式定義了雲計算，千行百業的 IT 基礎設施由此邁入到新的時代。十年後的 2019 年，伯克利再度出手並預言："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“Serverless 計算將會成爲雲時代默認的計算範式，並取代 Serverful（傳統雲）計算模式。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“Serverless 簡化了雲計算的編程，代表了程序員生產力的又一次的變革，一如編程語言從彙編時代演變爲高級語言時代。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"還有些難以理解？那麼我們從大家通常比較關心的收費問題來做一下說明吧！"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"雲計算的最大優勢之一，就是客戶可以採用單位付費的模式，爲他們享受的服務買單。在傳統雲的計算模式下，最小計費單元是 60 秒，而 Serverless 甚至可以做到 1 毫秒——這就意味着客戶所花的每一分錢都用在了實處，用到了極致。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"據此，伯克利認爲 Serverless 將會在接下來的十年裏，迅速地被採用，得到迅猛的發展。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"作爲全球前五、國內第二的雲服務供應商，華爲雲始終走在技術發展的前列，對客戶的應用趨勢和需求高度敏感。從 2017 年以來，華爲雲已經在 Serverless 領域進行了諸多創新和探索，以三高一低（高彈性、高可用、高效率和低成本）的顯著特性，贏得了一大批知名客戶的高度認可。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Serverless 帶來跨越式的變革"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"技術的發展，萬變不離其宗，其根本指向必然是幫助企業降本增效，實現商業模式的創新。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"經歷了十多年的發展，虛擬機、容器、微服務等技術均是如此，它們將原先傳統應用環境中的通用能力轉換成雲服務，客戶可以低成本、高效率地觸達。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Serverless 也是同樣，但又不止於此。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"毫不誇張地說，Serverless 帶來了跨越式的變革。在這種模式下，主機管理、操作系統管理、部署運維、資源分配和擴縮容能力全部由雲計算廠商提供，計算能力真正成爲水電一樣的公共服務。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在《將雲中的編程變得簡單：伯克利視角下的 Serverless 計算》一文中，作者對雲計算的服務模式做了一個生動的例比：傳統的雲計算就像是爲那些不想買車的用戶，提供了租車的服務；Serverless 則是進一步爲這些用戶，提供了計程車的服務。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"其中，前者雖然不必花費整車的代價，但是在租車的過程中，保險、加油等費用，以及出行、駕駛等事宜，都是客戶來處理；後者只需要爲自己乘坐的里程付費，其他問題一概無涉。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"怎麼樣，是不是高下立判？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"對於客戶來說，Serverless 是 Pay as you go（隨用隨付）的模式，只有當業務運行時纔會佔用資源，只有資源被佔用了纔會計費。不難想象，對那種存在明顯波峯波谷的服務而言，Serverless 的計費模式優勢相當明顯。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"持續提升技術支撐"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在 7 月 28 日的 2021 可信雲大會上，華爲分佈式基礎中間件技術專家鄭偉博士發表了主題演講，與廣大嘉賓分享了華爲雲在 Serverless 領域的思考、探索和實踐。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/wechat\/images\/3a\/3adb653fb0efcf22a72a45978a1cecba.jpeg","alt":null,"title":null,"style":null,"href":null,"fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"他指出，隨着 Serverless 應用的發展，Serverless 技術原先存在的部分問題開始顯露出來，譬如冷啓動時間過長、函數不可尋址，以及 BaaS 和三方服務 SDK 較多，並且集成難度較大等問題。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"雖然在當前不是非常尖銳，不過對於客戶的應用創新而言，畢竟是帶來了些許的不便。好消息是，在華爲雲等主流廠商的推動之下，原有的這些技術難點正在不斷被消解。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"鄭偉指出，華爲雲通過函數間高速總線，實現了低函數間通信時延，就被認爲是一種行之有效的解決方案；通過函數高效連接 BaaS 框架，華爲雲也極大地簡化了 BaaS 集成和訪問……"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"總而言之，針對 Serverless 存在的部分短板，華爲雲集中資源進行了技術攻關，目前已取得了良好的進展，Serverless 也得以持續深入到各種新的應用場景中。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"以大數據應用開發爲例，在傳統模式下，客戶需要進入到數據的全生命週期中，從採集、存儲、清洗、關聯，到分析、挖掘，再到大數據平臺的安裝部署，以及功能調用、調試、調優，事必躬親、步步費心。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在 Serverless 模式下，由於雲廠商以服務的形式提供大數據組件能力，因此客戶只需要寫完大數據應用程序，然後將之部署到 Serverless 上即可，所有的事情變得前所未有的簡單。當然，假如客戶有意願，並且有能力進行調優，那自然是再好不過。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“Serverless 架構使軟件應用和服務器實現瞭解耦，用戶的關注點可以更多地放在應用體驗、服務改進，以及其他能夠帶來更高業務價值的地方。”鄭偉表示。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Serverless 的三大業務價值"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"華爲雲在 Serverless 領域的撒手鐗之一，自然就是大名鼎鼎的 FunctionGraph。在 2017 年問世之後，經過持續的演進與迭代，目前已經發展到 2.0 的版本，並且在諸多場景得到了大規模的應用。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"這是一款帶有編排能力的函數計算服務，它提供了界面化管理、一站式的雲上 \/ 本地函數開發調試上線功能，支持多種編程語言（Node.js、Java、Python、自定義運行時等）、支持 10+ 類的函數觸發器類型。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"就在當天的 2021 可信雲大會的 Serverless 平臺技術能力評估中，華爲雲 FunctionGraph 被中國信息通信研究院雲計算與大數據研究所、雲計算開源產業聯盟等機構，共同評定爲爲國內首批“先進級”平臺。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/wechat\/images\/96\/96e86aabd9daa1988ba0822bcc2131cd.jpeg","alt":null,"title":null,"style":null,"href":null,"fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"華爲雲 FunctionGrap2.0 以 YuanRongKernel（分佈式內核）爲底座，幫助更廣泛的開發者使用 Serverless 開發方式，聚焦業務邏輯，零成本運維，並具備“端邊雲一體”的開發體驗，全場景安全可靠的函數運行環境，完備高效的 BaaS 服務。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"這裏，我們列舉三個例證來感受一下華爲雲 FunctionGraph 的威力："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"對於 Mock 服務，大家應該不會陌生，它的作用主要是提高前端工程師的效率，然而由於租戶間共享羣資源，相互影響，導致開發和測試進度的滯後。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"不過當服務構架於華爲雲 FunctionGraph 上之後，問題得到了徹底的解決。“典型的 Serverless 應用可以將開發和上線效率提升 100%，將資源成本降低 50%。”鄭偉表示。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"華爲視頻的例子同樣很有代表性。在採用了視頻業務基於函數實現的 BFF（Backends For Frontends）模式之後，華爲視頻的登錄速度提升了 0.6-1 秒，較原先的方案快 30%-40%，絕對是效果拔羣！"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"不難想象，在計算密集的視頻應用領域，華爲雲 FunctionGraph 同樣有十足的發揮空間。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"以視頻轉碼爲例，無論做何種努力，傳統架構的資源使用率都難以令人滿意，而 Serverless 由於共享計算資源池，可以做到削峯填谷，因此能夠節省高達 80% 的轉碼成本！"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在鄭偉看來，Serverless 帶來的業務價值主要體現在三個方面："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"numberedlist","attrs":{"start":1,"normalizeStart":1},"content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":1,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"更輕量化：用戶專注於業務創新和代碼開發，代碼運行環境由雲平臺提供，無需管理基礎設施資源。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":2,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"更快彈性：根據請求的併發數量自動調度資源運行函數，毫秒級彈性伸縮，高效應對業務峯值。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":3,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"更低成本：根據函數調用次數、運行時長和節點轉換次數計費，函數不運行時不產生費用，更加節省成本。"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Gartner 曾經認爲，到 2020 年，全球 20% 的企業將採用 Serverless，從底層進行技術變革計算資源的形態，爲企業的軟件架構設計和應用服務部署引入創新的技術設計思路。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"FunctionGraph 在 YuanRongKernel 的加持之下，除了支持 Web、移動、事件驅動型，以及 IoT\/ 端雲等簡單應用外，還將支持大數據、流處理、機器學習、金融、求解器、在線遊戲等複雜應用，讓更多企業和開發者可以充分享受到 Serverless 帶來的巨大紅利。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"事實上，目前的數字已經遠遠超出了預期。顯然，對於雲計算應用架構來說，Serverless 技術必將引領雲計算下一個階段，華爲雲也將在雲原生 2.0 時代，進一步聚焦客戶價值，爲客戶的創新提供無限可能！"}]}]}